Orienting European innovation systems. 141 Innovation refers to a process of introducing a new product process, service or organisational form into the marketplace and the social sphere (OECD and Eurostat 2005;
while a product or process is being diffused since the introduction of something‘new'in a different context often implies adaptation
when products and services based on new technologies are rejected Creating new capabilities Improve decisions by meeting societal expectations
the FTA PROCESS and its products can mobilise those involved to reassign resources Structuring role of FTA enables definition of governance structures
though the intermediate products, such as forecasts around key drivers of change, were used extensively. 3. 2 The three phases of ICSU foresight The foresight exercise entailed three phases as follows:.
IPRM integrates the approach of technology roadmapping including such contents as enabling technologies, applications, products, markets and drivers with the perspectives of systemic policies and policy instruments.
and align them with explicit product plans and related action steps. In this culture the roadmapping process is a systematic managemmen practice aimed at product development.
The roadmaps are approached not as‘hermetic'plans to achieve definite goals (e g. new products), but instead they are approached as knowledge umbrellas that depict a large-scale strategy picture of a system.
There are several reasons why the existence of a market for new products cannot be taken for granted.
Thirdly, policies could be about setting product certification and labelling schemes and requirements. Also the more standard technology policies,
The key policies can be categorized into the levels of drivers, markets, products and solutions, and technologies.
Demonstration projects exhibiting value of green building concepts 3d and product model technologies; Standalone HVAC solutions;
Sensor technologies Product model technologies integrates building in urban infrastructure; Energy harvesting HVAC; User-enabled energy management systems;
Use of life cycle approach in procurement PRODUCTS AND SOLUTIONS: Support to collaborative R&d; Facilitating commercialization of research results TECHNOLOGIES:
LED) High performance insulating materials Product model technologies linking design, building, and operation; Integrated HVAC; Real-time energy management systems;
At the level of products and solutions, the support for collaborative R&d and facilitation of commercialization of research results were assessed as the main innovation policy practices.
At present, one of the most importaan enabling technologies is 3d and product model technologies, like building information models.
development of ICTS will focus on product model technologies linking design, building, operation and real-time EMS.
In addition, important emergent enablers are product model technologies that integrate buildings in urban infrastructure, energy harvesting HVACS and user-enabled EMS.
and to select more environmentally sustainable products and services. Smart production and recycling technologies have resulted in Drivers Present Medium term Long term Vision Technology roadmap 1:
life cycle emissions of products not known, information fragmented in isolated systems SYSTEMIC POLICIES: Management of complex of information systems;
such as smart appliances for automated decision making Intelligent and more automated transportation Intelligent products and services with life cycle management modules Remote collaboration solutions:
T. Ahlqvist et al. optimised products, processes and systems that consume as few resources as possible at every stage of their life cycle.
i e. producing different products, such as water and energy, same facility New ICT-based tools and processes for the design and operation of factories Digitalized production processes, like virtual prototyping Intelligent products with life cycle management modules
Remote collaboration solutions: seamless integraton of virtual and physical Robot-based and automated recycling Electronic versions of almost any product Integrated production facilities aiming at zero-loss utilization of raw materials Automatic waste
management solutions based on robotics Distributed small-scale energy production Remote collaboration products Enabling technologies Methods and processes for environmental impact assessment of products and services,
like carbon footprinting Large scale modelling and simulation technologies enable system-level LCA and digital product processes Advanced modelling,
optimisation and artificial intelligence enable intelligent products and recycling solutions Modelling and simulation technologies required for LCA tools Wireless sensors Image processing technologies AMR hardware and software Mobile technologies Advanced identification and recognition technologies
for waste management and recycling Web 3. 0 in advanced identification and recognition technologies for waste management and recycling Data mining technologies 3d environments and
The third type of systemic policies is policies for life-cycle efficient producttion for example factory facilities to produce several different types of products
At present, there are a number of separate products and services available (e g. carbon footprint calculators, car navigators and ecodriving instructors) for private citizens.
In the medium term, ecodesign tools are used widely to minimize the environmental impacts of products over their life cycle.
That means that different types of products will be produced in the same facilities to ensure a maximal use of resources.
Intelligent products and services are emerging with embedded life-cycle management modules. A considerable portion of the energy is generated in a distributed manner in buildings or at the neighbourhood level
and processes for the environmental impact assessment of products and services, including carbon footprinting. The modelling and simulation technologies required for LCA methods are also available.
large-scale modelling and simulation technologies will enable system-level LCA, digital product processes, and a smart energy supply.
In the long term, advanced modelling, optimization and artificial intelligence methods will enable intelligent products, recycling and energy grid solutions.
and virtual products. 6. Conclusions This paper has depicted an IPRM methodology in the context of forward-looking policy design.
large-scale diffusion of commercial innovatiion also requires the emergence of a specific market for new products.
The construction of complex products and systems',Research policy, 29: 955 72. Geels, F. W. 2002)‘ Technological transitions as evolutionary reconfiguration processes:
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