which are microscopic molecules that can contain liquids and then penetrate leaf and bark surfaces.
and nanosize controlled release systems. olymer molecules are being employed for these nano-dispenser systems because scientists can change their size,
Knowing that UV radiation is used for removing bacteria from water, they developed the idea of using their discovery for water purification.
How it worksthe nanoparticles are prepared from molecules (synthetic macromolecules commonly called plastics) that have a protective,
Plus, these chemical degradation processes do not work on all types of chemicals. hen unusual/unheard of molecules are found as contaminants (for example, the chemical spill in Elk River, WV, in January 2014),
Bertrand told Laboutlook that one fundamental observation from this work is that small molecules passively absorb on the surface of the nanoparticle,
or where the material would be a natural ubiquitous molecule instead of a synthetic one. Work could also be done to improve the ability to remove increasing amounts of pollutants h
The fact that chlorophyll absorption spectrum makes things surprisingly green reflects the compromises inherent in being able to capture every photon possible
the nucleus contributes the bulk of what they need. Turning down TIC-TOC can therefore turn down photosynthesis
which is made up of tiny little particles of carbonnd if you put a lot of carbon under enough pressure,
while simultaneously leaving behind tiny black carbon particles that could be recycled into jewelry. After collecting $127, 000 to build it through a Kickstarter fundraising page that offered rings and cufflinks as rewards for donations,
A similar process can be observed in water molecules as water freezes into ice. Laura Heyderman
PSI is designed to complement the high-energy experiments conducted at CERN Large hadron collider (LHC). The facility world-class equipment includes an instrument known as The swiss Muon Source (S S)
which uses muon beams acting as magnetic probes to reveal magnetic properties on a nanoscale.
To take this initial experiment to the next level, the researchers may try to influence the phase transitions by experimenting with the size, shape,
Individual atoms in natural materials cannot be rearranged on such a grand scale, but the advantage of this new synthetic material is that it can be customized."
"I was in awe of the molecules that plants make. They do incredible and beautiful biochemistry, "she said."
and the hope of others, was to come up with a better way to make the molecules,
Water from the blood is the catalysis that sets it fizzing. f you can get the particles in the general area of the wound,
A defectree layer is also impermeable to all atoms and molecules. This amalgamation makes it a terrifically attractive material to apply to scientific developments in a wide variety of fields, such as electronics, aerospace and sports.
e transferred electrons from the dopant-potassium-to the surface of the black phosphorus, which confined the electrons
and allowed us to manipulate this state. Potassium produces a strong electrical field which is required what we to tune the size of the band gap. his process of transferring electrons is known as doping
and induced a giant Stark effect, which tuned the band gap allowing the valence and conductive bands to move closer together,
For example, particles organized in long-ranged structures by external fields can be bound permanently into stiff chains through electrostatic or Van der waals attraction,
much like sand particles mixed with the right amount of water can form sandcastles.""Because oil and water don't mix,
the oil wets the particles and creates capillary bridges between them so that the particles stick together on contact,
"said Orlin Velev, INVISTA Professor of Chemical and Biomolecular engineering at NC State and the corresponding author of the paper."
and an external magnetic field is applied to the particles.""In other words, this material is temperature responsive, and these soft and flexible structures can be pulled apart
2015two spin liquids square off in an iron-based superconductor: Changes in short-range, transient order in competing liquid-like phases precede onset of superconductivity August 5th,
Aluminum could give a big boost to capacity and power of lithium-ion batteries August 5th, 2015arrowhead to Present at Jefferies 2015 Hepatitis b Summit August 5th, 2015robotics UT Dallas nanotechnology research
2015two spin liquids square off in an iron-based superconductor: Changes in short-range, transient order in competing liquid-like phases precede onset of superconductivity August 5th, 2015atomic view of microtubules:
2015molecular Nanotechnology New computer model could explain how simple molecules took first step toward life: Two Brookhaven researchers developed theoretical model to explain the origins of self-replicating molecules July 28th, 2015rare form:
Novel structures built from DNA emerge July 20th, 2015groundbreaking research to help control liquids at micro and nano scales July 3rd, 2015$8. 5m Grant For Developing Nano Printing Technology:
2015two spin liquids square off in an iron-based superconductor: Changes in short-range, transient order in competing liquid-like phases precede onset of superconductivity August 5th,
Aluminum could give a big boost to capacity and power of lithium-ion batteries August 5th,
Aluminum could give a big boost to capacity and power of lithium-ion batteries August 5th,
2015two spin liquids square off in an iron-based superconductor: Changes in short-range, transient order in competing liquid-like phases precede onset of superconductivity August 5th,
Aluminum could give a big boost to capacity and power of lithium-ion batteries August 5th, 2015arrowhead to Present at Jefferies 2015 Hepatitis b Summit August 5th,
2015two spin liquids square off in an iron-based superconductor: Changes in short-range, transient order in competing liquid-like phases precede onset of superconductivity August 5th,
Aluminum could give a big boost to capacity and power of lithium-ion batteries August 5th,
biomimetic membranes may aid water filtration August 1st, 2015take a trip through the brain July 30th, 2015sol-gel capacitor dielectric offers record-high energy storage July 30th,
2015scientists'squeeze'light one particle at a time: A team of scientists have measured a bizarre effect in quantum physics, in
which individual particles of light are said to have been squeezed'--an achievement which at least one textbook had written off as hopeless September 1st, 201 0
#Building the electron superhighway: Vermont scientists invent new approach in quest for organic solar panels and flexible electronics Abstract:
TV screens that roll up. Roofing tiles that double as solar panels. Sun powered cell phone chargers woven into the fabric of backpacks.
But the basic science of how to get electrons to move quickly and easily in these organic materials remains murky.
what they are calling"an electron superhighway"in one of these materials--a low-cost blue dye called phthalocyanine--that promises to allow electrons to flow faster and farther in organic semiconductors.
"Roughly speaking, an exciton is displaced a electron bound together with the hole it left behind.
the UVM team was able to observe nanoscale defects and boundaries in the crystal grains in the thin films of phthalocyanine--roadblocks in the electron highway."
"We have discovered that we have hills that electrons have to go over and potholes that they need to avoid,
The new technique allows the scientists a deeper understanding of how the arrangement of molecules
"The molecules are stacked like dishes in a dish rack, "Furis explains, "these stacked molecules--this dish rack--is the electron superhighway."
"Though excitons are charged neutrally --and can't be pushed by voltage like the electrons flowing in a light bulb--they can, in a sense, bounce from one of these tightly stacked molecules to the next.
This allows organic thin films to carry energy along this molecular highway with relative ease,
An INRS team is generating photon pairs with complex quantum states on a chip compatible with electronic systems September 14th,
2015flexible Electronics SLAC's ultrafast'electron camera'visualizes ripples in 2-D material: Understanding motions of thin layers may help design solar cells, electronics and catalysts of the future September 10th, 2015realizing carbon nanotube integrated circuits:
An INRS team is generating photon pairs with complex quantum states on a chip compatible with electronic systems September 14th,
2015ut researchers give nanosheets local magnetic properties September 11th, 2015ultrafast uncoupled magnetism in atoms: A new step towards computers of the future September 10th, 2015discoveries Pillared graphene gains strength:
An INRS team is generating photon pairs with complex quantum states on a chip compatible with electronic systems September 14th,
2015understanding of complex networks could help unify gravity and quantum mechanics: When the understanding of complex networks such as the brain or the Internet is applied to geometry the results match up with quantum behavior September 13th,
An INRS team is generating photon pairs with complex quantum states on a chip compatible with electronic systems September 14th, 2015interviews/Book reviews/Essays/Reports/Podcasts/Journals/White papers Pillared graphene gains strength:
2015understanding of complex networks could help unify gravity and quantum mechanics: When the understanding of complex networks such as the brain or the Internet is applied to geometry the results match up with quantum behavior September 13th,
2015energy SLAC's ultrafast'electron camera'visualizes ripples in 2-D material: Understanding motions of thin layers may help design solar cells, electronics and catalysts of the future September 10th,
2015solar/Photovoltaic SLAC's ultrafast'electron camera'visualizes ripples in 2-D material: Understanding motions of thin layers may help design solar cells, electronics and catalysts of the future September 10th, 2015hybrid solar cell converts both light and heat from sun's rays into electricity (video) September 9th,
Process uses light-harvesting nanoparticles, captures energy from'hot electrons'September 5th, 201 0
#First realization of an electric circuit with a magnetic insulator using spin waves Abstract: Researchers at the University of Groningen, Utrecht University, the Universit de Bretagne Occidentale and the FOM Foundation have found that it is possible to make an electric circuit with a magnetic insulator.
This was deemed first impossible. The circuit is realized using spin waves: wavelike perturbations in the magnetic properties of a material.
Their discovery is interesting for the development of novel, energy-efficient electronic devices, particularly integrated circuits. A device based on spin waves could theoretically operate more efficiently than ordinary electronic circuits.
The results of their research will be published online in Nature Physics on Monday 14 september. In our current electronic equipment, information is transported via the motion of electrons.
In this scheme, the charge of the electron is used to transmit a signal. In a magnetic insulator, a spin wave is used instead.
Spin is a magnetic property of an electron. A spin wave is caused by a perturbation of the local magnetisation direction in a magnetic material.
Such a perturbation is caused by an electron with an opposite spin, relative to the magnetisation.
Spin waves transmit these perturbations in the material. This research demonstrates for the first time that it is possible to transmit electric signals in an insulating material.
Strong perturbationso far, electrical circuits based on spin waves have not been realised, since it turned out to be impossible to introduce a perturbation in the system large enough to create spin waves.
FOM workgroup leader prof. dr. Bart van Wees and his Phd student Ludo Cornelissen, both from the University of Groningen and FOM workgroup leader dr. Rembert
Duine from Utrecht University have succeeded to use spin waves in an electric circuit by carefully designing the device geometry.
This allows them to make use of the spin waves that are already present in the material due to thermal fluctuations,
which requires a much smaller disturbance of the system and hence enables the spin waves to be used in an electric circuit.
The spin wave circuit that the researchers built, consists of a 200 nanometre thin layer of yttrium iron garnet (a mineral and magnetic insulator, YIG in short), with a conducting platinum strip on top of that on both sides.
An electron can flow through the platinum, but not in the YIG since it is an insulator.
However, if the electron collides on the interface between YIG and platinum this influences the magnetisation at the YIG surface and the electron spin is transferred.
This causes a local magnetisation direction, generating a spin wave in the YIG. Spin wave detectionthe spin waves that the researchers send into the YIG are detected by the platinum strip on the other side of the YIG.
The detection process is exactly opposite to the spin wave injection: a spin wave collides at the interface between YIG and platinum,
and transfers its spin to an electron in the platinum. This influences the motion of the electron, resulting in an electric current that the researchers can measure.
The researchers already studied the combination of platinum and YIG in previous research. From this research it was found that
when spin is transferred from platinum to YIG, this also implies the transfer of heat across the interface.
This enables the heating or cooling of the platinum-YIG interface, depending on the relative orientation of the electron spins in the platinum and the magnetisation in the YIG.##
###Referencel. J. Cornelissen, J. Liu, R. A. Duine, J. Ben Youssef and B. J. van Wees, Long distance transport of magnon spin information in a magnetic
insulator at room temperature.#####About University of Groningeninnovative, research-driven and rooted in the number-one knowledge hub of the Northern Netherlands,
the University of Groningen is oriented an internationally university with 30,000 students. Quality has been our top priority for over four hundred years,
and with great success: the University is currently in or around the top 100 in several influential ranking lists.
For more information, please click herecontacts: Rene Fransenwriteemail('rug. nl','r. fransen';'Copyright University of Groningenissuers of news releases, not 7th Wave, Inc. or Nanotechnology Now, are solely responsible for the accuracy of the content.
Bookmark: News and information Building the electron superhighway: Vermont scientists invent new approach in quest for organic solar panels and flexible electronics September 14th, 2015pillared graphene gains strength:
Rice university researchers model graphene/nanotube hybrids to test properties September 14th, 2015coming out September 14th, 2015nano in food and agriculture:
2015physics Understanding of complex networks could help unify gravity and quantum mechanics: When the understanding of complex networks such as the brain or the Internet is applied to geometry the results match up with quantum behavior September 13th,
2015nist physicists show'molecules'made of light may be possible September 10th, 2015ultrafast uncoupled magnetism in atoms:
Molecules stabilizing magnetism: Organic molecules fixing the magnetic orientation of a cobalt surface/building block for a compact and low-cost storage technology/publication in Nature Materials July 25th,
2015penn researchers discover new chiral property of silicon, with photonic applications July 25th, 2015spintronics just got faster July 20th, 2015fundamental observation of spin-controlled electrical conduction in metals:
Ultrafast terahertz spectroscopy yields direct insight into the building block of modern magnetic memories July 6th, 2015chip Technology Building the electron superhighway:
Vermont scientists invent new approach in quest for organic solar panels and flexible electronics September 14th, 2015pillared graphene gains strength:
An INRS team is generating photon pairs with complex quantum states on a chip compatible with electronic systems September 14th,
2015ut researchers give nanosheets local magnetic properties September 11th, 2015discoveries Building the electron superhighway: Vermont scientists invent new approach in quest for organic solar panels and flexible electronics September 14th, 2015pillared graphene gains strength:
An INRS team is generating photon pairs with complex quantum states on a chip compatible with electronic systems September 14th,
2015understanding of complex networks could help unify gravity and quantum mechanics: When the understanding of complex networks such as the brain or the Internet is applied to geometry the results match up with quantum behavior September 13th, 2015announcements Building the electron superhighway:
Vermont scientists invent new approach in quest for organic solar panels and flexible electronics September 14th, 2015pillared graphene gains strength:
Regulations require collaboration to ensure safety September 14th, 2015interviews/Book reviews/Essays/Reports/Podcasts/Journals/White papers Building the electron superhighway:
2015research partnerships Understanding of complex networks could help unify gravity and quantum mechanics: When the understanding of complex networks such as the brain or the Internet is applied to geometry the results match up with quantum behavior September 13th,
2015nist physicists show'molecules'made of light may be possible September 10th, 2015slac's ultrafast'electron camera'visualizes ripples in 2-D material:
Understanding motions of thin layers may help design solar cells, electronics and catalysts of the future September 10th, 201 0
The first nanometer resolved image of individual tobacco mosaic virions shows the potential of low energy electron holography for imaging biomolecules at a single particle level--a milestone in structural biology and a potential new tool
however, require averaging over a large number of molecules and thus structural details of an individual biomolecule are lost often.
The work demonstrates the potential of low energy electron holography as a non-destructive, single-particle imaging technique for structural biology.
The researchers describe their work in a paper published this week on the cover of the journal Applied Physics Letters, from AIP Publishing."
"We've shown that by means of low energy holography, it is possible to image individual tobacco mosaic virions deposited on ultraclean freestanding graphene,
"The virions are imaged with one nanometer resolution exhibiting details of the helical structure of the virus. Our technique would be the first non-destructive imaging tool for structural biology at the truly single molecule level."
and chemically refines molecules that have some complementarity in shape and charge to some part of another molecule--such as the binding site of a human protein involved in some physiological process that goes awry in a given disease.
Better knowledge about the individual structures of those target proteins can help scientists develop more effective drugs.
Low energy electron holography is a technique of using an electron wave to form holograms. Similar to light optical holography
"The low energy electron holography has two major advantages over conventional microscopy. First, the technique doesn't employ any lenses,
Second, low energy electrons are harmless to biomolecules, "Longchamp said. In many conventional techniques such as transmission electron microscopy, the possible resolution is limited by high-energy electrons'radiation damage to biological samples.
Individual biomolecules are destroyed long before an image of high enough quality can be acquired. In other words, the low permissible electron dose in conventional microscopies is not sufficient to obtain high-resolution images from a single biomolecule.
However in low energy electron holography, the employed electron doses can be much higher--even after exposing fragile molecules like DNA or proteins to a electron dose more than five orders of magnitude higher
than the critical dose in transmission electron microscopy, no radiation damage could be observed. Sufficient electron dose in low energy electron holography makes imaging individual biomolecules at a nanometer resolution possible.
In Longchamp's experiment, the tobacco mosaic virions were deposited on a freestanding, ultraclean graphene, an atomically thin layer of carbon atoms arranged in a honeycomb lattice.
The graphene substrate is similar to a glass slide in optical microscopy which is conductive, robust and transparent for low energy electrons.
To obtain the high-resolution hologram, an atomically sharp, tungsten tip acts as a source of a divergent beam of highly coherent electrons.
When the beam hits the sample, part of the beam is scattered and the other part is affected not.
"This is the first time to directly observe the helical structure of the unstained tobacco mosaic virus at a single-particle level,
"Since low energy electron holography is a method very sensitive to mechanical disturbance, the current nanometer resolution could be improved to angstrom (one ten billionth of a meter)
The article"Low energy electron holographic imaging of individual tobacco mosaic virions"is authored by Jean-Nicolas Longchamp, Tatiana Latychevskaia, Conrad Escher and Hans-Werner Fink.
2015a new single-molecule tool to observe enzymes at work September 28th, 2015efforts to Improve Properties of Body Implants Using Nanocoatings Yield Positive Results September 28th, 2015cheap Nanomembrane, New Option for High-temperature Fuel cells September 26th,
an Atomic Force Microscope Optimized for Polymer Research September 26th, 2015twisting neutrons: Orbital angular momentum of neutron waves can be controlled September 25th,
2015ucla physicists determine 3-D positions of individual atoms for the first time: Finding will help scientists better understand the structural properties of materials September 21st, 2015nanomedicine Zenyatta Ventures Ltd.
Graphite Has Unique Properties for Valuable Graphene Applications, According to Ben-Gurion U. Researchers September 28th, 2015a new single-molecule tool to observe enzymes at work September 28th,
2015efforts to Improve Properties of Body Implants Using Nanocoatings Yield Positive Results September 28th, 2015scientists Apply Graphene quantum dots in Production of Azo dyes September 26th, 2015discoveries Zenyatta Ventures Ltd.
2015a new single-molecule tool to observe enzymes at work September 28th, 2015efforts to Improve Properties of Body Implants Using Nanocoatings Yield Positive Results September 28th, 2015a different type of 2-D semiconductor:
2015a new single-molecule tool to observe enzymes at work September 28th, 2015efforts to Improve Properties of Body Implants Using Nanocoatings Yield Positive Results September 28th, 2015a different type of 2-D semiconductor:
Berkeley Lab researchers produce first ultrathin sheets of perovskite hybrids September 26th, 2015interviews/Book reviews/Essays/Reports/Podcasts/Journals/White papers A new single-molecule
2015efforts to Improve Properties of Body Implants Using Nanocoatings Yield Positive Results September 28th, 2015simulation of chiral edge states in a quantum system September 26th, 2015a different type of 2-D semiconductor:
Berkeley Lab researchers produce first ultrathin sheets of perovskite hybrids September 26th, 2015tools A new single-molecule tool to observe enzymes at work September 28th,
an Atomic Force Microscope Optimized for Polymer Research September 26th, 2015twisting neutrons: Orbital angular momentum of neutron waves can be controlled September 25th, 2015liquid crystals show potential for detection of neurodegenerative disease September 24th, 201 0
#Desalination with nanoporous graphene membrane Less than 1 percent of Earth's water is drinkable. Removing salt and other minerals from our biggest available source of water--seawater--may help satisfy a growing global population thirsty for fresh water for drinking, farming, transportation, heating, cooling and industry.
Now, a team of experimentalists led by the Department of energy's Oak ridge National Laboratory has demonstrated an energy-efficient desalination technology that uses a porous membrane made of strong, slim graphene--a carbon honeycomb one atom thick.
The water molecules are simply too big to fit through graphene's fine mesh. But poke holes in the mesh that are just the right size
and water molecules can penetrate. Salt ions, in contrast, are larger than water molecules and cannot cross the membrane.
The porous membrane allows osmosis, or passage of a fluid through a semipermeable membrane into a solution in which the solvent is concentrated more."
"Graphene to the rescue Graphene is only one-atom thick, yet flexible and strong. Its mechanical and chemical stabilities make it promising in membranes for separations.
The chemical vapor deposited carbon atoms that self-assembled into adjoining hexagons to form a sheet one atom thick.
The membrane allowed rapid transport of water through the membrane and rejected nearly 100 percent of the salt ions, e g.,
, positively charged sodium atoms and negatively charged chloride atoms. To figure out the best pore size for desalination,
allowed for atom-resolution imaging of graphene, which the scientists used to correlate the porosity of the graphene membrane with transport properties.
including irradiation with electrons and ions, but none of them worked. So far, the oxygen plasma approach worked the best,
and steric properties of various organic molecules, including biologically active compounds such as pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals,
ITBM, Nagoya University) Metal-catalyzed C-H borylation of aromatic rings is considered an efficient way to introduce functional groups to make functional molecules via a boryl moiety.
and materials science for creating benzene-containing functional molecules, I figured that para-selective C-H functionalization would be an extremely useful technique for the late-stage diversification of core structures.
--but at much lower energy absorption efficiency levels,"said Ramahi.""We can also channel the absorbed energy into a load,
"Our research enables significantly higher energy absorption than classical antennas, "Ramahi said.""This results in a significant reduction of the energy harvesting surface footprint.
#Researchers create first whispering gallery for graphene electrons (Nanowerk News) An international research group led by scientists at the U s. Commerce departments National Institute of Standards
and Technology (NIST) has developed a technique for creating nanoscale whispering galleries for electrons in graphene. The development opens the way to building devices that focus
and amplify electrons just as lenses focus light and resonators (like the body of a guitar) amplify sound.
issue of Science("Creating and probing electron whispering-gallery modes in graphene")."An international research group led by scientists at NIST has developed a technique for creating nanoscale whispering galleries for electrons in graphene.
The researchers used the voltage from a scanning tunneling microscope (right) to push graphene electrons out of a nanoscale area to create the whispering gallery (represented by the protuberances on the left),
which is like a circular wall of mirrors to the electron. Image: Jon Wyrick, CNST/NIST) In some structures,
such as the dome in St pauls Cathedral in London, a person standing near a curved wall can hear the faintest sound made along any other part of that wall.
These whispering galleries are unlike anything you see in any other electron based system, and thats really exciting.
However, early studies of the behavior of electrons in graphene were hampered by defects in the material.
When moving electrons encounter a potential barrier in conventional semiconductors it takes an increase in energy for the electron to continue flowing.
As a result, they are reflected often, just as one would expect from a ball-like particle.
However, because electrons can sometimes behave like a wave, there is a calculable chance that they will ignore the barrier altogether,
a phenomenon called tunneling. Due to the light-like properties of graphene electrons, they can pass through unimpededno matter how high the barrierif they hit the barrier head on.
This tendency to tunnel makes it hard to steer electrons in graphene. Enter the graphene electron whispering gallery.
To create a whispering gallery in graphene the team first enriched the graphene with electrons from a conductive plate mounted below it.
With the graphene now crackling with electrons, the research team used the voltage from a scanning tunneling microscope (STM) to push some of them out of a nanoscale-sized area.
This created the whispering gallery, which is like a circular wall of mirrors to the electron.
An electron that hits the step head-on can tunnel straight through it, said NIST researcher Nikolai Zhitenev.
But if electrons hit it at an angle, their waves can be reflected and travel along the sides of the curved walls of the barrier until they began to interfere with one another,
creating a nanoscale electronic whispering gallery mode. The team can control the size and strength, i e.,
, the leakiness, of the electronic whispering gallery by varying the STM tips voltage. The probe not only creates whispering gallery modes,
A team of theoretical physicists from the Massachusetts institute of technology developed the theory describing whispering gallery modes in graphene.
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