Water

Fresh water (13)
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Salt water (1)
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Water (437)
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Synopsis: Oceanography: Oceanography generale: Water: Water:

when and how much to water them, and whether they should be moved to change sunlight levels.

The ability to use just the right amounts of water and fertiliser to produce a good harvest without wasting resources can improve crop yields and rural incomes.

smart water metering and even smart parking guidance systems that help drivers to quickly find parking spaces,"

#Tackling fresh-water shortage problems around the Mediterranean Water is the most vital resource for human life.

A European research project has developed a transport system consisting of water-bags and tugboats to bring fresh water to the hardest-hit coastal and island regions around the Mediterranean.

and island communities around the Mediterranean are affected by water-stress problems. According to the European environment agency (EEA), 16 to 44 million additional people will suffer water scarcity in Southern Europe by 2070.

Coastal and island communities are facing serious water shortages, made worse by the annual influx of tourists.

To meet growing demand for water in this region an innovative, flexible and affordable solution is needed to transport large quantities of fresh water from ater-richto ater-poorareas.

and cost-effective system to transport fresh water by sea using flexible plastic containers water-bags towed by a tugboat.

the Refresh prototype water-bag was towed successfully for 16 nautical miles on a voyage back and forth through the Gulf of Souda, off the island of Crete.

The Refresh water-bag is a composite of modules which can combine to form a 20m-long,

Each water-bag is equipped with integrated sensors, powered by a solar cell located on the flat top of the container.

A water quality sensor to assess water purity has been tested in a laboratory with the intention of being fitted to water-bags in the future to ensure safe and clean delivery after transit.

The primary application of the Refresh water-bag and delivery system will be to supply fresh water to Mediterranean coastal cities and islands with less than 300 000 inhabitants covering about 45 million European citizens.

With the initial investment focused mainly on constructing the water-bag and renting or purchasing a tugboat,

and selling the water-bag system to third parties or from directly operating the water-delivery service by setting up a joint venture,

says Samuele Ambrosetti, leading engineer on the Refresh project. ocal operators will have the possibility of buying

or renting the water-bags from the consortium or of procuring the urnkeywater-transport service.

The final price for the water will depend on the distance it is shipped and on the payload.

Preliminary calculations indicate water costs of around two to five euros per cubic metre for intra-Mediterranean voyages,

where each water-bag module is 5 metres long and 4 metres and holds 62.83 cubic metres of water (with total water costs between EUR 126.66-314.15 for such a journey),

and to form partnerships to deliver water, says Mr Ambrosetti. ontacts are ongoing with potential commercial partners in the USA and Middle east.

It demands a lot of sun, good soil, water and cold temperatures. But how do you install an environmentally friendly and sustainable cooling system in a country so warm?

This machine cools a water-glycol mixture up to negative temperatures of about-10°C."By using heat instead of electricity,

and tested by MEDISCO could really help the Mediterranean and indeed other areas with no conventional means of refrigeration due to a lack of water and nonexistent or unreliable energy sources y

and the human contribution can arise from activities such as mining, large construction works or water extraction for irrigation.

sucking out their water, minerals and carbohydrates. The broomrape or Orobanche does not use chlorophyll, the green pigment critical for photosynthesis in most plants,

#WATER-BEE#A wireless watering system It the free advice every decent florist delivers when you buy their potted plants:

how much water they need, and how often. And it not just the occasional flower buyer who needs guidance on watering as even experienced farmers can misjudge how much to sprinkle on their crops,

But now research is offering an intelligent irrigation system to monitor how much water is being held in the soil, automatically spraying when needed.

as well as trillions of litres of water wasted in world farming every year. Global agriculture wastes 60%,or 1

500 trillion litres, of the 2, 500 trillion litres of water it uses each year, according to the WWF.

and the Mediterranean region, with its limited, fragile and unevenly distributed water resources is especially vulnerable:

But better managed, it could mean more water resources for other basics like drinking, hygiene and cooking.

The new research harnesses technological advances in wireless networking, environmental sensors and soil water movement models.

They just want a simple service that helps them use less water, which is developed why we a smartphone app.

the Waterbee system can continuously monitor water movement in the root zone. It uses a Zigbee-standard, low cost,

In The british trials, on Maris Piper potatoes, Waterbee used 56%less water than the local irrigation system in use.

this system could have a wider impact in terms of water and cost savings, and environmental protection.

EU project makes first'solar'kerosene An EU-funded research project called SOLAR-JET has produced the world's first'solar'jet fuel from water and carbon dioxide (CO2), a promising technology for a better

CO2 and water. The process In a first step concentrated light-simulating sunlight-was used to convert carbon dioxide

and water to synthesis gas (syngas) in a high-temperature solar reactor containing metal-oxide based materials developed at ETH Zürich.

if he could add water and make them work again.####Freeze-drying is a pretty common thing to do in pharmaceuticals.

if he could freeze-dry the whole packageâ##the gene circuit instructions the enzymes that power the reactions the cellular machinery that builds proteinsâ##then add water

#Iron-rich biochar filters arsenic from water Biochar may be a fast inexpensive and easy way to remove arsenicâ one of the world s most common pollutantsâ from water.

As reported in the journal Water Research Gao ground wood chips that were heated then in nitrogen gas but not burned.

or coagulants to water using membranes to filter it out or using an ion exchange process.

when they come into contact with different materials such as air, water, or biological tissue. For instance, when you put your ear on a railroad track,

#Iron-rich biochar filters arsenic from water Biochar may be a fast inexpensive and easy way to remove arsenic one of the world s most common pollutants from water.

As reported in the journal Water Research Gao ground wood chips that were heated then in nitrogen gas but not burned.

or coagulants to water using membranes to filter it out or using an ion exchange process.

#Biochar changes how water flows through soil Rice university rightoriginal Studyposted by Jade Boyd-Rice on September 25 2014new research could help settle the debate about one of biochar s biggest benefits#its seemingly contradictory ability

or biochar to soil to both boost crop yields and counter global climate change the study offers the first detailed explanation for this mystery. nderstanding the controls on water movement through biochar-amended soils is critical

and gardening buffs took off after archaeological studies found that biochar added to soils in the Amazon more than 1000 years ago was still improving the water-and nutrient-holding abilities of those poor soils today.

either increase or decrease the amount of water that soil holds but it has been tough for experts to explain why this occurs due partly to conflicting results from many different field tests.

In the new study biogeochemists at Rice conducted side-by-side tests of the water-holding ability of three soil types#sand clay and topsoil#both with and without added biochar.

For scientific studies it is critical to make sure you re comparing apples to apples. arnes says the team chose to make its comparison with simple relatively homogenous soil materials to compare results to established hydrologic models that relate water flow to a soil s physical properties like bulk density

but in fact researchers have found that biochar-amended sand holds water longer. tudy coauthor Brandon Dugan assistant professor of Earth science at Rice says e hypothesize that this is likely due to the presence of two flow paths

for water through soil-biochar mixtures. One pathway is between the soil and biochar grains

and a second pathway is water moving through the biochar itself. arnes says the highly porous structure of biochar makes each of these pathways more tortuous than the pathway that water would take through sand alone.

and further slow the movement of water. y adding our results to the growing body of literature we show that

The device harvests energy in any location where these temperature changes naturally occur powering sensors that can check for water leaks

or inside a wall and sensors would be tuned to check for water leaks. Similarly when used inside a bridge the sensors could detect any cracks forming or structural deficiencies.

#AAA BATTERY powers cheap water splitter A new device uses a regular AAA BATTERY to split water into hydrogen and oxygen.

The battery sends an electric current through two electrodes that split liquid water into hydrogen and oxygen gas.

Unlike other water splitters that use precious-metal catalysts the electrodes in the Stanford device are made of inexpensive and abundant nickel

and iron. sing nickel and iron which are cheap materials we were able to make the electrocatalysts active enough to split water at room temperature with a single 1. 5-volt batterysays Hongjie Dai a chemistry

professor at Stanford university. his is the first time anyone has used non-precious metal catalysts to split water at a voltage that low.

or iridium to achieve that voltage. n addition to producing hydrogen the new water splitter could be used to make chlorine gas and sodium hydroxide an important industrial chemical according to Dai.

Fuel cell technology is essentially water splitting in reverse. A fuel cell combines stored hydrogen gas with oxygen from the air to produce electricity

The only byproduct is water unlike gasoline combustion which emits carbon dioxide a greenhouse gas. Most of these vehicles will run on fuel manufactured at large industrial plants that produce hydrogen by combining very hot steam and natural gas an energy-intensive process that releases carbon dioxide as a byproduct.

Splitting water to make hydrogen requires no fossil fuels and emits no greenhouse gases. But scientists have yet to develop an affordable active water splitter with catalysts capable of working at industrial scales. t s been a constant pursuit for decades to make low-cost electrocatalysts with high activity

and long durabilitydai says. hen we found out that a nickel-based catalyst is as effective as platinum it came as a complete surprise. tanford graduate student Ming Gong co-lead author of the study made the discovery. ing discovered a nickel-metal

but we still don t fully understand the science behind it. he nickel/nickel-oxide catalyst significantly lowers the voltage required to split water which

That goal is achievable based on my most recent resultshe researchers also plan to develop a water splitter than runs on electricity produced by solar energy. ydrogen is an ideal fuel for powering vehicles buildings

and turn it into water that is clean enough for livestock to drink. It also extracts nutrients that can be reused as fertilizer.

Currently the system produces about 50 gallons of water from 100 gallons of manure. The goal is to increase that number to about 65 gallons.

who is involved with the project. bout 90 percent of the manure is water but it contains large amounts of nutrients, carbon,

#Tiny water sensor embedded in plant stems Cornell University Posted by Krishna Ramanujan-Cornell on October 14 2013researchers are completing soil tests on a water sensor within a fingertip-sized silicon chip

Crop growers wine grape and other fruit growers food processors and even concrete makers all benefit from water sensors for accurate steady and numerous moisture readings.

For example sophisticated vintners use precise irrigation to put regulated water stress on grapevines to create just the right grape composition for a premium cabernet or a chardonnay wine.

While growers can use the sensors to monitor water in soils for their crops civil engineers can embed the chips in concrete to determine optimal moisture levels as the concrete cures. ne of our goals is to try

The cavity is filled with water and then the chip may be inserted in a plant stem or in the soil where it through a nanoporous membrane exchanges moisture with its environment and maintains an equilibrium pressure that the chip measures.

and coastal waters where fertilizer runoff and other organic waste can deplete oxygen levels and suffocate marine life.

When that happens that symbiotic relationship helps to expand uptake by the plant's root system by as much as 90 percent helping the plant soak up water and nutrients from much deeper in the soil.

#FLOW-AID helps farmers save water without sacrificing yields Wee already seen gadgets such as Koubachi and Flower power,

when and how much water to apply to their crops, so they don run their irrigation systems unnecessarily.

soil characteristics and water rationing limits into account. So far FLOW-AID has been tested in six countries,

where researchers have reported a 10 to 50 percent reduction in water use. Because the device also keeps track of nutrient levels in the soil,

#Panasonic#s new technology purifies water with sunlight and photocatalysts Drinking clean water is something that many people in the world can't take for granted as they rely on polluted sources

and photocatalysts to purify polluted water at a high reaction rate to improve access to clean water where it's needed.

One of the difficulties associated with Tio2 is that it is difficult to collect once dispersed in water

When the novel photocatalytic particles are stirred Tio2 is released from the zeolite and dispersed throughout the water.

and a larger volume of water can be processed in a short amount of time. If the water is left still it will cause Tio2 to bind to zeolite again making it easy to separate

and recover the photocatalysts from the water so they can be used again later. The technology was unveiled recently at Tokyo's Eco Products Fair.

Panasonic is working with a number of institutions in India to test the product and its capabilities.

Alternative solutions are being sought in other parts of the world as well where similar water-related problems occur c

#Tapping into the Waterways in the Sky With all of the water we have in the world,

Until now, the entire human race has survived on 0. 5%of the available water on earth. But that about to change.

We are seeing a fast growing trend towards harvesting water from the atmosphere, something our ancestors first began working on centuries ago.

The earth atmosphere is a far more elegant water distribution system than rivers, reservoirs, and underground waterways.

Since we all depend on the rains to provide the water we need, what if we could extract this rain at the very time

On-demand water extractors. A new breed of inventors has emerged to tackle this exact problem.

and other forms of passive energy, our future water networks will be operate with far more efficiency and convenience than anything imaginable today.

NBD Nano had developed a unique surface coating comprised of patterned superhydrophilic (water loving) and superhydrophobic (water hating) surfaces, on the nanoscale.

Together these surfaces dramatically increased the efficiency of moisture condensation and by extension, harvesting water from air.

Submissions ranged from self-filling water bottles, to extreme dehumidification, to a large-scale water sources for greenhouse drip irrigation, to emergency water for lifeboats, to self-filling canteens for the military,

and much more. The winning entry, titled he Aquamist, presented a simple elegant design for the emerging aquaponics and hydroponics industries.

and The Aquamist produced a water-replenishing environment to satisfy those needs. A new breed of companies has begun to spring up around the world,

looking to the skies to solve the world looming water issues. These companies are using a variety of technologies to drive costs down for extracting water from air.

Here are some of the true innovators in this space: Fogquest is a Canadian nonprofit that uses modern fog collectors to bring drinking water and water for irrigation and reforestation to rural communities in developing countries around the world.

Their fog collectors can be used in dry regions and even deserts that receive less than one millimeter of rain each year.

Living in the Caribbean in 1997, inventor Marc Parent came up with the idea of using a windmill to extract water from the air.

After many years of development and testing, the WMS1000 (shown above) became the world first wind turbine able to produce 1, 000 liters of water a day from air condensation.

and produces water. The water is stored then in an underground tank and pumped to the roots of crops via sub surface drip irrigation hosing.

Developed by Joe Ellsworth in Seattle, the A2wh system uses a desiccant to absorb moisture from the air.

The higher the humidity the more water the desiccant can absorb. The unit uses solar heat to drive both the airflow for the absorption process

and allows it to capture the water in liquid form. A small Photo Voltaic solar panel provides power for the micro controller, sensors, various valves, etc.

Ecoloblue has created an off-grid water harvester/dispenser specifically for the home or office. The unit shown above, the Ecoloblue 30,

to continually generate water even in emergency situations. It will generate between 1-3 Gallons Water/day depending on the humidity conditions and sun conditions.

Technion, an Israel Institute of technology, has come up with an unusual water extraction concept. Two architects invented this low-tech way of collecting dew and turning it into fresh water.

It works well for collecting water in virtually any environment even in polluted areas. About 12 gallons of fresh water can be extracted from air in a single day from one 300 sq ft unit.

This technology recently won an international competition. Imke Hoehler, an inductrial design student at Germany Muthesius Academy of Fine arts has turned a lot of heads with her thesis project, the Dropnet fog collector.

The collectors extracts tiny water droplets from fog clouds and turns them into drinking water at a rate of roughly 4-5 gallons a day.

the ater Gardensare groupings of water-extracting towers for high volume and high quality water. Some of the planned uses are for forests, camping, fire suppression, agriculture, livestock,

The Atmospheric Water Collector shown above is still not a functional product, but Canadian design student Thomas Row gives us an idea of

With a portable water extractor that fits on most any bottle, the goal is to provide for all the basic water needs of a person on a daily basis. Final Thoughts Prospects for the Future There are roughly 37,

500 trillion gallons of reshwater in the air at any given time. The age-old problem has been getting it to people who need it at exactly the right time.

In liquid form, water is heavy and difficult to transport. Plastic bottle made water far more transportable,

but it created a whole new set of problems. Every day, millions of plastic water bottles, cups and containers are transported around the world by exhaust-spewing steamships, trains,

A high percentage of the products we buy in grocery stores contain water. Everything from pop to juice, to vegetables, to beer, to soup,

Transporting water is expensive, so what if the containers automatically added the water directly from the atmosphere once we took it home?

Is it possible to add a water extracting ground spike next to every plant or tree in our garden?

Is this a technology light enough for every athlete to carry with them, every adventurer to wear on their belt,

Will atmospheric water extractors replace city reservoirs, dams, water towers, and our elaborate network of fire hydrants throughout every community?

when chlorine-tasting water was an everyday occurrence n

#Robobees will pollinate crops instead of real bees As soon as 10 years from now these Robobees could artificially pollinate a field of crops.

food and water in order to support life-forms inhabiting the system. Such systems already exist in small scales,

#New 3d printed materials lighter than water and as strong as steel A Nanoscribe 3d printer can print models of the Empire state building in a space the width of a human hair using precision lasers.

believe such 3d printers may help craft a new generation of materials lighter than water and strong as steel.

when resources like water are at a premium. For instance many farmers are now using methods like flow-through irrigation drip irrigation micro-sprinklers and more efficient use of groundwater to increase yields.

While the days of farmers using the divining rod to find water are passed long since many farmers especially in developing countries still rely too much on guesswork in making planting irrigation and harvesting decisions.

The property is also five times more water-efficient than the normal house, with low-flow fixtures and short-run hot-water pipes.

#Watch Bill gates drink a big glass of filtered poop water Sedro-Woolley, a slightly Twin peaks-y logging outpost located about two hours north of Seattle in Skagit County,

He sipped on potable purified poop water that, just a few moments before, looked nothing like the clear liquid you expect to come out of your kitchen faucet."

"It's water,"the billionaire philanthropist announced, deadpan, to a rapt crowd of onlookers after he took a polite swig of the stuff without grimacing.

The miraculous poo-to-water transformation was made possible by the Omniprocessor, a large machine/small waste treatment plant developed by Janicki Bioenergy (an offshoot of Sedro-Woolley-based Janicki Industries)

Gates himself describes the waste-to-water process on his Gates Notes blog: I watched the piles of feces go up the conveyer belt and drop into a large bin.

The water tasted as good as any Ie had out of a bottle. And having studied the engineering behind it,

that the height from which a filament is deployed does not influence its coiling patterns good news for ships that navigate choppy waters to deploy fiber-optic cables. his is important because,

Leaks in water pipes can waste up to half the water in a system; oil-pipeline leaks can lead to toxic spills and prolonged, expensive cleanup operations.

and should be effective in gas, water, and oil pipes. MIT mechanical engineering professor Kamal Youcef-Toumi, a co-author of the research papers,

and allow reuse of about 25 percent of their water. It could also eliminate 10 trucks of wastewater shipping per day for Lagunitas.

and reusing water easier and more affordable, as America dependence on water increases, along with water pollution. lmost every product we make has a water footprint,

Silver says. s our economy grows, water tables are dropping and wastewater pollution is rising, causing many companies to consider water risk in their overall strategy.

The need for more cost-effective solutions is increasingly acute in the developed world and also critical in the developing world.

We are leveraging biotechnology to provide the highest return on investment for managing water. To that end, Cambrian is working on other projects that leverage exoelectrogenic microbes to treat wastewater.

One project, called Biovolt, is powered a self water treatment system for U s army forward operating bases that treats wastewater

for the agricultural industry. arth as a spaceshipecovolt is valuable today as a solution to Earth water issues.

and they provide their own power source and water distribution. Strano and the paper lead author, postdoc and plant biologist Juan Pablo Giraldo, envision turning plants into self-powered, photonic devices such as detectors for explosives or chemical weapons.

and extract a variety of contaminants from soil and water. Ferdinand Brandl and Nicolas Bertrand

When they learned that UV LIGHT was used to disinfect water in certain treatment plants, they began to ask a different question. e thought

or hormones from water, because we saw that the particles aggregate once you irradiate them with UV LIGHT. trap for ater-fearingpollutionthe researchers synthesized polymers from polyethylene glycol,

and dispersed evenly in water. But when exposed to UV LIGHT, the stabilizing outer shell of the particles is shed,

because they are synthesized by adding the tin alkoxide precursor into boiling water followed by heat treatment Pol said.

This is very straightforward rapid'cooking'of a metal-organic precursor in boiling water. The precursor compound is a solid tin alkoxide a material analogous to cost-efficient and broadly available titanium alkoxides.

Peidong Yang Bin Liu and colleagues note that harnessing sunlight to split water and harvest hydrogen is one of the most intriguing ways to achieve clean energy.

which only emit water when driven. But making hydrogen which mostly comes from natural gas requires electricity from conventional carbon dioxide-emitting power plants.

Producing hydrogen at low cost from water using the clean energy from the sun would make this form of energy

when immersed in water and exposed to sunlight produces hydrogen gas. The scientists say that the technique could allow their technology to be scaled up at low cost.

They also know that water can be split into oxygen and hydrogen by combining these proteins with titanium dioxide

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