and pour water through it. Each page contains silver or copper nanoparticles that kill bacteria found in contaminated water.
Sisters collecting untreated water from a dam. Wateraid/Nyani Quarmyne. started off with proof of concept experiments in the lab where it the Drinkable Book showed a lot of promise.
where people are drinking dirty water on a regular basis and getting sick from it, Dr Theresa Dankovich,
people everywhere would use large buckets for water collection. But, that not true. The water vessels used in Bangladesh are shaped a gourd aluminum container called a kolshi,
so we had to tailor our designs to what people would use, Dankovich explained. n the best-case scenario,
but also contains instructions in each page to educate people about safe water habits. According to researchers, it only costs pennies to produce and one filter can purify up to 100 liters of water.
Dankovich has presented her research at 250th national meeting of the American Chemical Society. Dankovich and her colleagues hope to undertake more trials to narrow down the different designs for the Drinkable Book and increase production.
Dankovich pours contaminated pond water into a funnel containing paper from the Drinkable Book. Ali Wilson.
#New Material Made From 1 Billion Tiny Magnets Changes States Like Water Researchers at the Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI) announced they have created a synthetic material with magnetic properties
just as water changes from solid ice to liquid or steam with temperature change. Constructed from 1 billion tiny magnets,
A similar process can be observed in water molecules as water freezes into ice. Laura Heyderman
researchers shoot a mix of methanol and water at a fingerprint sample. It looks for two chemicals benzoylecgonine and methylecgonine
country director for the Pakistan Water Partnership. ocal researchers should be encouraged to develop innovative solutions to help people in distress,
#New Material Could Turn Water into Fuel Scientists have designed theoretically a new material that could help supply the world with clean energy by turning water into fuel,
could make the energy-sapping job of splitting water into hydrogen and oxygen relatively easy.
"Splitting water into hydrogen and oxygen is an energy-intensive process, which currently requires much more energy in from electricity than comes out in usable fuel.
are then capable of driving forward the two half-reactions required to split water into oxygen and hydrogen.
Subcritical fluid technology uses water above its boiling point and below its critical temperature, under pressure. In subcritical water medium, starch can be modified to influence the film properties, such as its tensile strength
elongation, and antioxidant and antimicrobial activity. Saldaña team has obtained already an international Patent Cooperation Treaty application for the processing method
also uses sub/supercritical water processing technology to obtain other value-added compounds and to gasify what left of the biomass residue to obtain hydrogen.
#Researchers Control Boiling Water Process Boiling water, with its commotion of bubbles that rise from a surface as water comes to a boil,
but these have required special fluids rather than water, and a thousandfold higher voltages, making them economically impractical for most uses.
The new feat was accomplished by adding surfactants to water essentially creating a soapy liquid. The surfactant molecules,
the bubbles formed by boiling water also require nucleation. Tiny irregularities on a metal surface can provide those nucleation points
The rehydration salts are added to water and provide electrolytes to help people hydrate, Tidey said.
The zinc supplements help with immune function and the transport of water in the body, according to the World health organization.
and the National oceanic and atmospheric administration, detected a decrease in emitted light over Kathmandu, based on a comparison between images taken pre-earthquake, on April 22, 2015,
even boiling-water temperatures won't break them up. In the study, Aguzzi said the team did extensive computer simulations of how the molecules interact before they injected them into the animals
or water contaminated with its cysts. The ameba passes into the environment via feces and can survive outside the human body for several weeks in this protective cyst form.
or water contaminated with its cysts. The ameba passes into the environment via feces and can survive outside the human body for several weeks in this protective cyst form.
and tardigrades (sometimes known as"water bears"or"moss piglets")know a thing or two about glass.
These water-dwelling critters, which look like tiny blimps with pudgy bodies and eight stubby legs, are capable of shedding almost all of the water in their cells
when exposed to extreme conditions, such as heat, cold or even the vacuum of space.""When you remove the water,
they quickly coat themselves in large amounts of glassy molecules,"Juan de Pablo, professor of molecular engineering at the University of Chicago and one of the authors of a recent study on the tardigrade-inspired glass, said in a statement.
Prior research did achieve quantum teleportation over longer distances over open air a span of 89 miles (144 kilometers) between the two Canary islands of La Palma and Tenerife, located off the northwest coast
"However, the experiment at the Canary islands involved a telescope on top of one mountain and a telescope on top of another mountain,
#Salty Water Flows on Mars Today, Boosting Odds for Life Liquid water flows on Mars today,
relatively warm Martian slopes are caused likely by salty liquid water, researchers said.""Liquid water is a key requirement for life On earth,
"study lead author Lujendra Ojha, of the Georgia Institute of technology in Atlanta, told Space. com via email."
"The presence of liquid water on Mars'present-day surface therefore points to environment s that are more habitable than previously thought."
and are inferred to have been formed by contemporary flowing water. Recently, planetary scientists detected hydrated salts on these slopes at Hale crater,
corroborating their original hypothesis that the streaks are formed indeed by liquid water. The blue color seen upslope of the dark streaks are thought not to be related to their formation,
leading many researchers to speculate that liquid water is involved in their formation. The new study,
"Hydrated salts precipitate from liquid water, so detecting them is a big deal especially since circumstances make it unlikely that CRISM could spot RSL water directly.
CRISM observes the Red planet at the driest time of the Martian day, about 3 p m,
. when any liquid surface water would likely have evaporated, Ojha said.)No planet is steeped more in myth
a class of chlorine-containing substances that are widespread on Mars. These salts lower the freezing point of water from 32 degrees Fahrenheit (0 degrees Celsius) to minus 94 F (minus 70 C),
"This property vastly increases the stability of brine salty water on Mars, "he said. Perchlorates can absorb atmospheric water,
Ojha said. But it's unclear if Mars'air is the source of the brine flows.
Other possibilities include melting of surface or near-surface ice or discharges of local aquifers."
meaning that the water within them is not easily available for potential use by organisms."
when he flew too close to the sun. The mythological character fell into the sea and drowned.
"The flying vehicles could be used to deliver materials such as food, water and vaccines to people living in remote parts of the world,
drink a cup of water, and not have any problems taking it down
#3d printed Brain regions Help Neurosurgeons Prepare for Difficult Procedures While neurosurgeons have been able to virtually navigate volumetric images of patientsbrain structures gathered from CT and MRI scans,
#Each page from this'Drinkable Book'can clean 25 gallons of water While the pages of any book offer the potential to entertain,
Dankovich estimates that each page is capable of cleaning 100 liters (roughly 26.4 gallons) of water,
Working with the charities Water is Life and ide, the next step is to take the production process,
and cools itself by pumping water through its veins like a plant. Aside from its aesthetically-pleasing design, the Solar Sunflower also makes use of some innovative technology.
It uses something called HCPVT (Highly Efficient Concentrated Photovoltaic/Thermal) to generate electricity and hot water from solar power.
To counteract this, the Sunflower makes use of a hot water cooling system invented by the project's IBM collaborators.
rather than piping all that scorching-hot water through a radiator to dissipate the heat
(and thus waste it), the team instead uses that hot water as a power source itself,
these beautiful creatures play a balanced role in the ecosystem of the Great barrier reef. But when their population booms, they can quickly become a plague, consuming coral reefs--their favorite food--with a frenzied fervor.
Unfortunately, such population booms have been happening more and more frequently along the Great barrier reef over the last several decades.
The problem has become so ubiquitous that scientists now believe that crown-of-thorns starfish are estimated responsible for an 40 per cent of the Great barrier reef total decline in coral cover.
The robot called COTSBOT (short for Crown-of-thorns Starfish robot), is a Terminator-esque killing machine.
Researchers hope that by releasing a fleet of COTSBOTS they might restore some balance to the fragile ecology of the Great barrier reef,
The last thing the reef needs is a fleet of assassin machines indiscriminately killing the wrong starfish species
The plan is for COTSBOT to field trip to the Great barrier reef later this month where it will be involved in a trial with live targets.
a whole fleet of COTSBOTS could begin patrolling the Great barrier reef by December of 2015 5
#There's water on Mars, NASA confirms There's water on Mars, and it flows there today.
In an eagerly anticipated news event, NASA revealed this morning the evidence of liquid, flowing seasonal water on the Red planet.
Water often signals life, so this new discovery gives hope to the search for life in our solar system.
Data from various probes and rovers like Curiosity and the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter have provided researchers with evidence concluding that there is flowing water on present-day Mars. Scientists understand that Mars was once Earthlike with large
amounts of water on the surface. Something unknown happened in the planet's history causing it to change.
However today's revelation confirms that Mars has harbored water in the past, and that water exists there today.
Now, scientists can pursue the implications of what flowing water means in relation to the planet's history
and what it could also mean for the potential for life. Michael Meyer of the Mars Exploration Program at NASA explained,
"We found the active process on Mars today that shows that water was a likelihood."
"He continued with a description of the geological features that caused scientists to suspect water prior to the confirmation of its presence.
To show how researchers came to their conclusions, Meyer explained the significance of"recurring slope linea."
"These RSLS point to the existence of water due to the way they behave. He said,
"There has been no evidence for water until for now.""The news was published based on research today in Nature Geoscience,
Scientists also have an understanding of the composition of the water. Findings show that hydrated salts are present on the surface of Mars. Hydrated salts would mean that the water on Mars is briny.
According to Popular Science, the salt in the water allows it to remain liquid at lower temperatures.
Mary Beth Wilhelm of NASA's Ames Research center explained that the evidence of water means many things,
not the least of which is that microbial life is possible. Also, water on Mars could aid in the human exploration of the planet.
Water on Mars would be a crucial resource for astronauts visiting the planet or for long-term colonists.
Of course scientists will need to study the nature of the water to know the full implications.
Researchers have many exciting challenges ahead of them, and one is to determine where the water comes from.
Could there be an underground Martian aquifer? Researchers note that there is potential for the Curiosity rover to travel to an RSL
and analyze a sample of the liquid. Another possibility is the future Mars 2020 rover
The discovery of liquid water on Mars leads to more intriguing questions and mysteries. If there has been did life on mars,
These new findings about liquid water on Mars make scientists and space exploration enthusiasts thirsty for more information n
Water from the blood is the catalysis that sets it fizzing. f you can get the particles in the general area of the wound,
excess water is released which reacts with titanium oxysulfate to form a solid shell of titanium hydroxide with a thickness of 3 to 4 nanometers.
Imagine two river crossings, one with tightly-packed stepping-stones, and the other with large gaps between stones.
"While lotus leaves repel water and self-clean when it rains, a moth's eyes are antireflective because of naturally covered tapered nanostructures where the refractive index gradually increases as light travels to the moth's cornea,
a surface must achieve a water droplet contact angle exceeding 150 degrees. ORNL's coating has a contact angle of between 155 and 165 degrees,
so water literally bounces off, carrying away dust and dirt. This property combined with the suppression of light reflection from a glass surface is improved critical for performance in numerous optical applications,
In addition, the superhydrophobic property can be effective at preventing ice and snow buildup on optical elements and can impede biofouling in marine applications.
New, stable photocathode with great potential Many of us are familiar with electrolytic splitting of water from their school days:
researchers from North carolina State university and the University of North carolina-Chapel hill show that magnetic nanoparticles encased in oily liquid shells can bind together in water,
much like sand particles mixed with the right amount of water can form sandcastles.""Because oil and water don't mix,
the oil wets the particles and creates capillary bridges between them so that the particles stick together on contact,
Hydrogels are polymers that can maintain large quantities of water within their networks. Because of this, they can swell
which are able to change shape as the amount of water within them changes in response to environmental conditions.
and excrete water to either expand or shrink in volume. The unique property of the hydrogel developed by the RIKEN team is that it acts like an artificial muscle,
or excreting water. The secret to the new hydrogel's property is electrostatic charge. Using a method that they published earlier this year
and in a liquid environment, showing that it doesn't require the uptake of water.
the group designed an L-shaped piece of polymer that can actually walk, in a water environment,
a cost-effective method of producing fuels using only sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide, mimicking the natural process of photosynthesis in plants
safe, integrated solar-driven system for splitting water to create hydrogen fuels.""This result was a stretch project milestone for the entire five years of JCAP as a whole,
The photoanode uses sunlight to oxidize water molecules, generating protons and electrons as well as oxygen gas.
when exposed to water, so cannot be used to directly generate fuel. A major advance that allowed the integrated system to be developed was previous work in Lewis's laboratory,
The photoanode requires a catalyst to drive the essential water-splitting reaction. Rare and expensive metals such as platinum can serve as effective catalysts,
This catalyst is among the most active known catalysts for splitting water molecules into oxygen
to create a fully integrated single material that serves as a complete solar-driven water-splitting system.
or water and therapeutic drug monitoring at home, a feature which could drastically improve the efficient of various class of drugs and treatments a
while water has a refractive index of 1. 33 -which is why a straw appears to bend
when you put it in a glass of water. Photonic devices require a high contrast between its component materials,
or being washed by water. Its physical resistance against the diffusion of body liquids and prevention of inconsistency in the structure are among the other advantages of the paste.
#Magnetic Nanosorbents Eliminate Fluoride from Water Researchers from Tehran University of Medical sciences used low-cost and available raw materials for the laboratorial production of nanosorbents with high efficiency in elimination of fluoride from contaminated water.
Presence of high concentration of fluoride in water reservoirs, specially in drinking water, results in serious hygiene concerns.
Adsorption is one of the effective and economic methods to eliminate high concentrations of fluoride from water.
Results showed that the synthesized composite can be used as an effective sorbent to purify water contaminated by fluoride due to its simple and quick separation, high efficiency and the lack of the creation of secondary pollution in the solution.
expelled into the sea.""Carbon dioxide is 15 percent of the gas coming off a power plant,
whereby flue gases are bubbled through organic amines in water, where the carbon dioxide binds to amines.
the process also saves the huge energy costs of heating the water in which amines are dissolved.
because they are one of the best compounds for selectively binding CO2 in the presence of water,
When the humidity drops, the spore shrinks as water is pushed out. As it shrinks, the quantum dots come closer together,
than a sensor made with the most advanced man-made water-absorbing polymers. There was also better sensitivity in extreme low-pressure, low-humidity situations."
#Desalination with nanoporous graphene membrane Less than 1 percent of Earth's water is drinkable. Removing salt and other minerals from our biggest available source of water--seawater--may help satisfy a growing global population thirsty for fresh water for drinking, farming, transportation, heating, cooling and industry.
But desalination is an energy-intensive process, which concerns those wanting to expand its application.
The results are published in the March 23 advance online issue of Nature Nanotechnology("Water Desalination Using Nanoporous Single-layer graphene"."
""Our work is a proof of principle that demonstrates how you can desalinate saltwater using freestanding,
"Current methods for purifying water include distillation and reverse osmosis. Distillation, or heating a mixture to extract volatile components that condense,
Without these holes, water cannot travel from one side of the membrane to the other.
The water molecules are simply too big to fit through graphene's fine mesh. But poke holes in the mesh that are just the right size
and water molecules can penetrate. Salt ions, in contrast, are larger than water molecules and cannot cross the membrane.
The porous membrane allows osmosis, or passage of a fluid through a semipermeable membrane into a solution in which the solvent is concentrated more."
"If you have saltwater on one side of a porous membrane and freshwater on the other,
and you push the water from the saltwater side to the freshwater side--that's the reverse osmosis process,
It takes significant pressure to push water from the saltwater side to the freshwater side."
so separated water would drive faster through the membrane under the same conditions, the scientists reasoned."
The prepared membrane separated two water solutions--salty water on one side, fresh on the other.
while water flowed through it from one chamber to the other. The membrane allowed rapid transport of water through the membrane and rejected nearly 100 percent of the salt ions, e g.,
, positively charged sodium atoms and negatively charged chloride atoms. To figure out the best pore size for desalination,
and water dwelling purple bacteria Rhodopseudomonas palustris with magnetite and controlled the amount of light the cultures were exposed to.
Water is replaced by nanotubes It has been known for decades that plants have the extraordinary ability to register extremely fine temperature differences
#Smart micelles for marine environments martmaterials that alter their structure in response to specific, controllable stimuli have applications in various fields, from biomedical science to the oil industry.
when moved from water to an electrolyte solution, such as salt water("Dual hydrophilic and salt responsive schizophrenic block copolymers synthesis and study of self-assembly behavior").
"The material could help improve coatings used to protect surfaces from the build up of biological contaminants, particularly surfaces under the sea.
which mixes well with water, and the halophilic polysulfabetaine (PSB), which has a preference for salt solution. e created salt-responsive block copolymers that self-assemble in water to form either onventionalor nversemicelles, states Vasantha.
The conventional micelles form in deionized water and have a core of halophilic PSB with a hydrophilic PEG shell.
However, the team showed that the micelles reassemble themselves when immersed in salt solution; PEG formed the core,
which means it is potentially useful for dynamic marine environments. The researchers mixed the block copolymers with primer to create a nontoxic coating to replace traditional antifouling paint.
because the additives in the coatings break down rapidly in sea water. Vasantha team applied the new coating to glass slides
which they then immersed in the sea for two weeks. he antifouling behavior of coatings is tested normally in laboratory experiments,
#Membrane transport-A molecular'straw'Getting water across lipid membranes is not easy. In nature, molecules called aquaporins, discovered in the 1990s, move water from one side of a biological membrane to another,
but the molecules are fragile and bulky. Now, researchers from the A*STAR Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology have synthesized a much smaller molecule,
For some years, Huaqiang Zeng of the Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology has led a team aiming to produce tubular molecules that could pipe water across membranes.
unfortunately, this tube was not particularly good at holding water in its central tunnel. Undeterred, Zeng team set out to modify that molecule.
but this time it comfortably held a tringof water molecules. he continuous one-dimensional ater chaintrapped by the molecules is indispensable for mediating water transport across a lipid membrane,
But early experiments attempting to use osmotic pressure to drive water through the trawinto a membrane-bound compartment (vesicle) drew a blank. e repeatedly failed to demonstrate the water-transporting ability of the molecule
whether a proton gradient could induce water transport. We were surprised very to find that it could.
including seawater desalination and wastewater reclamation. He says that osmotic agents often have to be at concentrations exceeding 100 millimolar to drive water movement in forward osmosis nanofiltration. f a proton gradient is used as the driving force instead,
the concentration difference needed would be exceedingly small.""Zeng says.""This would translate into huge energy savings on an industrial scale. l
which can zip through water 10 times its body length within one second, in an ultra-efficient manner.
Inspired by the speed at which cephalopods like the octopus, flee from danger by inflating its mantle cavity with water to a bluff-body shape
The 27-cm long robot is inflated with water and once released, rapidly deflates by shooting the water out through an aperture at its base to power its propulsion.
As the rocket contracts, it can achieve more than 2. 6 times the thrust of a rigid rocket doing the same manoeuvre,
When a fish escapes by swimming fast, it bends its body and zooms through the water, losing some energy to the surrounding water
Professor of Mechanical and Ocean Engineering and Director of the Center for Ocean Engineering at MIT, explained:
or quickly evade hazardous situations such as a sharp temperature rise in mid-ocean ridges. For instance, these octopus robots could follow dolphins for quick observation,
or inspect thermal vents safely in the mid-ocean ridges. Mr Vignesh Subramaniam, research engineer with CENSAM, added:
#Engineers invent two-dimensional liquid (Nanowerk News) Where water and oil meet, a two-dimensional world exists.
Their soft nanoparticles stick to the plane where oil and water meet, but do not stick to one another.
"The researchers created a 2-D liquid consisting of nanoparticles at the interface between a drop of oil and the surrounding water.
The researchers created a 2-D liquid consisting of nanoparticles at the interface between a drop of oil and the surrounding water.
These ligands have a water-loving head and an oil-loving tail, and the way they are attached to the central particle allows them to contort themselves so both sides are happy
the researchers dripped a particle-containing an oil droplet out of a pipette into water.
This work is a significant advance towards developing more efficient electrocatalysts for water-splitting reactions and fuel generation.
which is the crucial cathodic reaction in water-alkali electrolyzers, which generate hydrogen by splitting water.
The HER activity for highly crystalline Pt3nit-skin nanoframe surface was enhanced by almost one order of magnitude relative to Pt/C. Utilizing the spontaneous structural evolution of a bimetallic nanoparticle from solid polyhedra to hollow nanoframes with controlled size, structure,
but lets water through (Nanowerk News) The unassuming piece of stainless steel mesh in a lab at The Ohio State university doesn't look like a very big deal,
Water passes through the mesh but oil doesn't, thanks to a nearly invisible oil-repelling coating on its surface.
In tests, researchers mixed water with oil and poured the mixture onto the mesh. The water filtered through the mesh to land in a beaker below.
The oil collected on top of the mesh and rolled off easily into a separate beaker when the mesh was tilted.
which is covered in a coating invented at The Ohio State university, captures oil (red) while water (blue) passes through.
superoleophobic coatings prepared by layer-by-layer technique for anti-smudge and oil-water separation"and"Nanomechanical behavior of Mos2 and WS2 multi-walled nanotubes and Carbon nanohorns").
whose bumpy surfaces naturally repel water but not oil. To create a coating that did the opposite,
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