Better, cheaper and more effective drugs to combat cancer, arthritis and many other disorders. This is the result of a ground-breaking new technique developed by a group of researchers from the Faculty of health and Medical sciences at the University of Copenhagen.
One example is antibodies for cancer patients, which--by the way--is a very expensive form of therapy,
#'Cancer Driver Gene'reduces metastasis in prostate cancer A gene that is responsible for cancer growth plays a totally unexpected role in prostate cancer.
and the Ludwig Boltzmann Institiute for Cancer Research (LBI-CR) discovered a missing link for an essential role of Stat3
and IL-6 signalling in prostate cancer progression. Interleukin 6 (IL-6) is an important cytokine that controls the cell survival and tumor growth.
Hyperactive IL-6 may support cancer growth particularly as it controls STAT3, which was shown to have an oncogenic role in most tumours.
Many therapies are designed therefore to suppress IL-6 or STAT3. But the situation is different in prostate cancer.
Lukas Kenner's research group has shown that, contrary to expectations; active STAT3 suppresses cell growth in prostate tumours.
These findings have consequences for prostate cancer metastasis, "explained Jan Pencik, a Phd fellow in the lab, headed by Lukas Kenner.
As only about 10%of patients with prostate cancer die from the disease, this can help to prevent unnecessary therapeutic interventions with severe side effects such as incontinence and impotence.
Receptor blockers can enhance prostate cancer The reversed role of interleukin 6 as an inhibitor of prostate cancer has an additional significance.
According to Kenner, this means that therapies that block the IL-6 pathway may enhance the growth of prostate cancer.
further studies are mandatory to assess the possibility of increased cancer risk right now, "says coauthor of this study, Helmut Dolznig, also from the Medical University of Vienna.
and effective drugs with fewer side effects to treat conditions including high blood pressure, diabetes, depression and even some types of cancer.
#New cancer marker identified; possible therapeutic target for breast cancer A new way to detect --and perhaps treat--one of the deadliest types of breast cancer has been found.
Researchers from BUSM and the University of Cyprus compared the markers on the surface of the cancer cells to gene expression profile of breast tumors deposited by researchers in international public databases
they found that the tumor growth was significantly slower in models. Furthermore, models that received the altered cancer cells had very small or no metastasis to the lungs,
which suggested that IL13RA2 was involved in cancer growth and spread.""This discovery offers a glimmer of hope for patients stricken with BLBC.
Personalized cancer therapies could be developed by targeting breast cancer cells that express copious levels of IL13RA2,
Other deadly cancers, including brain, pancreatic, ovarian, and colonic cancers also can have high levels of IL13RA2
which suggests its importance.""Studies directed at this biomarker will be of high significance to improve the quality of life of all cancer patients harboring this alteration,"added Thiagalingam.
While this is hopeful news for some patients, more research is needed to further understand not only IL13RA2, but other molecules in breast cancers that may guide diagnosis, prognosis,
When exposed to foreign bacteria, viruses, tumors, and transplant tissue, the body stirs up a torrent of immune activity:
and classify tumors. It pairs with a smartphone via bluetooth. The scanning results appear on the phone screen.
and Australian chemists have figured out how to unboil egg whites an innovation that could dramatically reduce costs for cancer treatments, food production and other segments of the $160 billion global biotechnology industry,
For example, pharmaceutical companies currently create cancer antibodies in expensive hamster ovary cells that do not often misfold proteins.
and make cancer treatments more affordable. Industrial cheese makers farmers and others who use recombinant proteins could also achieve more bang for their buck.
In 2008, Dr. Prat team identified a cell adhesion molecule, called MCAM (Melanoma Cell adhesion molecule), which plays a crucial role in dysregulation of the immune system observed in multiple sclerosis. ur studies have shown that MCAM is necessary for the migration of CD4 and CD8 across the blood-brain barrier.
San diego School of medicine and Moores Cancer Center and Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute created a model that allows them to track cellular behavior during the earliest stages of human development in real-time.
was led by Mick Bhatia, director of the Mcmaster Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute. He holds the Canada Research Chair in Human Stem Cell biology
and lead author and graduate student J. Sherry Wang applied their new molecular tools to 44 DNA samples with known cancer-related single-nucleotide variants.
The ability to accurately find rare single-nucleotide mutations is becoming increasingly important as scientists drill down into genomes to find biomarkers for early cancer detection. ee trying to solve the needle-in-a-haystack problem,
The needle youe looking for might be a cancer-mutation DNA or bacterial-pathogen DNA,
when there not as much cancer DNA floating around, he said
#Nearly Indestructible Virus Yields Tool to Battle Diseases By unlocking the secrets of a bizarre virus that survives in nearly boiling acid,
It is the first time that a phase III trial of viral immunotherapy has shown definitively benefit for patients with cancer.
The trial was led in the UK by researchers at The Institute of Cancer Research, London,
Importantly, responses to treatment were pronounced most in patients with less advanced cancers (stage IIIB, IIIC,
IVM1A) and those who had yet to receive any treatment underlining the potential benefits of T-VEC as a first-line treatment for metastatic melanoma
Patients with stage III and early stage IV melanoma treated with T-VEC a total of 163 people lived an average of 41 months.
T-VEC is one of a new wave of virus-based drugs to show benefits in cancer trials,
because their infection defences are compromised by genetic errors. UK trial leader Professor Kevin Harrington, Professor of Biological Cancer Therapies at The Institute of Cancer Research, London,
here is increasing excitement over the use of viral treatments like T-VEC for cancer,
or some of the other new immunotherapies. ur study showed that T-VEC can deliver a significant, durable benefit for people with melanoma.
It is encouraging that the treatment had such a clear benefit for patients with less advanced cancers ongoing studies are evaluating
if it can become a first-line treatment for more aggressive melanomas and advanced disease. rofessor Paul Workman,
Chief executive of The Institute of Cancer Research, London, said: e may normally think of viruses as the enemies of mankind,
and kill human cells that can make them such promising cancer treatments. In this case we are harnessing the ability of an engineered virus to kill cancer cells
cancer and chronic inflammation. his research is therefore critical for improving human health as it enables us to discover novel points of intervention to manipulate immune cell behaviour
#First successful study of virus attack on cancer It a new weapon in the arsenal of cancer fighting treatments:
University of Louisville researcher Jason Chesney, M d.,Ph d.,deputy director of the James Graham Brown Cancer Center (JGBCC),
and a team of international scientists found that stage IIIB to IV melanoma patients treated with a modified cold sore (herpes virus had improved survival.
I virus to be non-pathogenic, cancer-killing and immune-stimulating. The modified herpes virus does not harm healthy cells,
but replicates when injected into lesions or tumors, and then stimulates the body immune system to fight the cancer. he results from this study are said amazing,
Chesney. atients given T-VEC at an early stage survived about 20 months longer than patients given a different type of treatment.
or metastatic, melanoma. Before entering the T-VEC trial, she had been through numerous procedures and major surgeries.
Dr. Chesney and the James Graham Brown Cancer Center saved my life. ells drove to Louisville every two weeks for about two
The U s. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Medicines Agency (EMA) are considering findings from the trial to make the treatments available to more patients with advanced melanoma.
The article describes an immunotherapy for melanoma utilizing the checkpoint inhibitors, ipilimumab and nivolumab. In cell biology
The study found that injection of the two inhibitors shrunk tumors in the majority of patients with advanced melanoma.
and find that ipilimumab combined with nivolumab resulted in the highest anticancer efficacy ever observed after treatment with a cancer immunotherapy.
and other sites in hopes of accelerating cancer immunity and curing patients. e finally understand how to activate the human immune system to clear cancer cells,
having developed new classes of immunotherapies that dramatically improve the survival of cancer patients, Chesney said. believe T-VEC combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors will not only reduce cancer-related mortality in melanoma but in all cancer types,
and we are moving quickly to develop these methods. ource: Uof e
#Researchers retrieve ostmemories Retrograde amnesia is the inability to recall established memories. In humans, amnesia is associated with traumatic brain injury, Alzheimer disease,
Dr. Burgess said. he study of zebrafish has led already to advances in our understanding of cancer
and creates an increased risk for cancer and diabetes. When a healthy person is infected by a virus,
#Petri dish tumor test could personalize drug therapy for cancer patients In a highly successful, first-of-its-kind endeavor,
which involves co-culturing multiple myeloma tumor cells with their surrounding nontumor cells, all from the same patient, in a microscale petri dish.
The researchers then treated the tumor cells with bortezomib, a drug commonly used in multiple myeloma therapy.
Multiple myeloma is a universally fatal cancer. Rising in the blood marrow due to an accumulation of abnormal,
or cancerous, plasma cells, myeloma is treatable but incurable. he median survival rate has improved, but is only about five to seven years,
The new assay could save many multiple myeloma cancer patients the psychological stress of having to try multiple drugs until they find the most effective one.
The fundamental idea behind the research was to focus on everything surrounding a tumor not just the tumor itself.
These surroundings can include bone marrow stromal cells, macrophages and other immune cells, all of which represent an integral part of the tumor environment.
By including these components in a microfluidic petri dish a device developed by Beebe and Miyamoto lab a few years ago the researchersability to accurately gauge results increased dramatically.
The researchers essentially created a miniaturized external model of an individual cancer, says Pak. She has founded a service-based company called Lynx Biosciences based on these findings,
In addition, they are starting to consider what this discovery means for other cancer types and other drugs.
The researchersresults could have interesting and wide-ranging implications for the future of cancer treatment and therapy,
although their work is far from over. his is only one type of cancer, one particular drug,
The engineered organ has implications for everything from rapid production of immune therapies to new frontiers in cancer or infectious disease research.
blood cancer can result. n the long run, we anticipate that the ability to drive immune reaction ex vivo at controllable rates grants us the ability to reproduce immunological events with tunable parameters for better mechanistic understanding of B cell development and generation of B cell tumors,
as well as screening and translation of new classes of drugs, Singh said g
#New drug triggers tissue regeneration: Faster regrowth and healing of damaged tissues Research focuses on select tissues injured through disease, surgery and transplants,
the Ingalls Professor of Cancer Genetics at the university School of medicine and a medical oncologist at University Hospitals Case Medical center Seidman Cancer Center. e have developed a drug that acts like a vitamin for tissue stem cells,
Zhang then traveled to UT Southwestern Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center where Willson serves as director.
The third finding came through collaboration between Markowitz and Stanton L. Gerson, MD, director of the Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, UH Seidman Cancer Center,
Finally, the promise of tissue growth could increase survival rates for patients with liver cancer;
the Cancer Prevention & Research Institute of Texas; Inje University; and the Korean National Research Foundation.
Markowitz and Willson, former director of the Case Comprehensive Cancer Center and now director of the Simmons Cancer Center at UT Southwestern, initiated the project to study the potential of inhibiting 15-PGDH as a tissue
#Tumour in a petri dish a way to a personalized cancer treatment Cancer is still one of those diagnoses that make people weak in their knees
That is why innovative cancer treatments are always in the spotlight of attention and that is why scientists have been puzzling how to treat cancer for a long time.
They understand that not every case is the same, individuals need individual treatment. And now scientists from the University of Wisconsin-Madison completed highly successful,
said that this research is one of the first steps of mimicking the body of the cancer patient in a dish.
which involves co-culturing multiple myeloma tumour cells with their surrounding cells that do not have cancer, all from the same patient, in a micro scale petri dish.
Then scientists treated this cancer in a dish with common drug called bortezomib, which is used often to treat myeloma,
and it only took them three days to see if treatment is effective or not.
so in is a universally fatal cancer. It is treatable but incurable. It rises in the blood marrow due to an accumulation of abnormal,
or testing process, may not help to reach the breakthrough in searching for cure for cancer.
Multiple myeloma is most likely to remain a universally fatal cancer until some major scientific discoveries are made.
However, it can save many multiple myeloma cancer patients the psychological stress of having to try multiple drugs until they find the most effective one.
Cancer is still able to interact with its surroundings as well as treatment, but outside of the body.
Scientists are already thinking how to expand this assay to test responsiveness to different drugs of other cancers as well.
This may not be a tool to cure cancer, but it will surely help cancer patients to receive personalized treatments.
It will reduce stress they get through usual trial and error method and will make treatment that a little bit less tormenting.
#New imaging technique could make brain tumor removal safer, more effective Brain surgery is famously difficult for good reason:
When removing a tumor, for example, neurosurgeons walk a tightrope as they try to take out as much of the cancer as possible
while keeping crucial brain tissue intact and visually distinguishing the two is often impossible. Now Johns Hopkins researchers report they have developed an imaging technology that could provide surgeons with a color-coded map of a patient brain showing
and are not cancer. A summary of the research appears June 17 in Science Translational Medicine. s a neurosurgeon,
I in agony when I taking out a tumor. If I take out too little the cancer could come back;
too much, and the patient can be disabled permanently, says Alfredo Quinones-Hinojosa, M d.,a professor of neurosurgery,
thought OCT might provide a solution to the problem of separating brain cancers from other tissue during surgery.
Kut first built on the idea that cancers tend to be relatively dense, which affects how they scatter
Once they had found the characteristic OCT ignatureof brain cancer, the team devised a computer algorithm to process OCT data and,
nearly instantaneously, generate a color-coded map with cancer in red and healthy tissue in green. e envision that the OCT would be aimed at the area being operated on,
and the surgeon could look at a screen to get a continuously updated picture of where the cancer is
and in surgeries to remove brain tumors from mice. The researchers hope to begin clinical trials in patients this summer.
The system can potentially be adapted to detect cancers in other parts of the body, Kut says.
#New tool on horizon for surgeons treating cancer patients Surgeons could know while their patients are still on the operating table
While yet other mass spectrometry-based techniques such as desorption electrospray ionization and rapid evaporative ionization mass spectrometry are being evaluated for classifying tumors and providing prognostic information,
rapidity and specificity of our method, there is great potential for our technology to assist surgeons in the detection of cancer from tissue biopsy samples,
#Cancer Blocked by Halving Levels of Protein Thought To Be ntouchablein a surprising finding, a team of UC San francisco and Stanford university scientists has discovered that a protein thought to be crucial for the body to develop
The work raises the possibility that targeted cancer drugs that lower levels of the protein could suppress tumor growth without affecting healthy cells.
a UCSF graduate student in the Biomedical sciences Program. his represents a new and exciting finding in regard to how we might target the development of tumors.
who holds the Helen Diller Family Chair in Basic Cancer Research, and Maria Barna, Phd, assistant professor of developmental biology and genetics at Stanford, co-senior authors of the new study. he dogma in every textbook was that
said Ruggero, a member of the UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center (HDFCCC). During translation, strands of MESSENGER RNA (mrna) carry protein-making instructions from genes to ribosomes, the cellular machines in which proteins are made.
especially since previous research has shown that eif4e is present at abnormally high levels in tumor cells. ancer cells rely on increases in protein synthesis as a critical means for sustaining their growth and survival,
In lab-dish experiments, mutations in certain genes known as oncogenes, such as Ras and Myc, reliably ransformnormal mouse cells into cancer-like cells the cells overproliferate,
just as tumor cells do. But when the researchers introduced oncogenic Myc and Ras into cells in
they again observed that the potential of these cells to develop tumors was weakened significantly. The researchers found,
when they set the stage for the development of cancer. These results were consistent with those seen in eif4e-deficient mice carrying Ras mutations
. effector is developing new treatments for patients with cancer and other serious diseases, in part by characterizing drug action and identifying targets related to the cell translational mechanisms.
Heather and Melanie Muss Endowed Chair and a principal investigator in the UCSF Brain tumor Research center and the Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research. t may be unwelcome
The team of researchers tested the therapeutic potential of these carbon nanoparticles by loading them with an anti-melanoma drug
Scientists also found that they can alter the infusion of the particles into melanoma cells by adjusting the polymer coatings.
It is a very versatile platform to treat melanoma, other kinds of cancers and other diseases.
which will eventually lead to innovative drug therapies for cancer and other diseases i
#Access to electricity and artificial light shortened time of our sleep Science knows that nowadays people tend to sleep less than they used to before modern times.
said Professor Shankar Balasubramanian of the Department of chemistry and the Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, who led the research. t had been thought this modification was solely a short-lived intermediate,
The research was supported by Cancer Research UK, the Wellcome Trust and the Biotechnology and Biological sciences Research Council UK e
but it is our hope that this could one day be used to deliver drugs directly to spinal cord injuries, ulcerations, deep bone injuries or tumors,
#New approach holds promise for earlier, easier detection of colorectal cancer Caltech chemists develop a technique that could one day lead to early detection of tumors Chemists at Caltech
have developed a new sensitive technique capable of detecting colorectal cancer in tissue samples a method that could one day be used in clinical settings for the early diagnosis of colorectal cancer.
Colorectal cancer is the third most prevalent cancer worldwide and is estimated to cause about 700,000 deaths every year.
but that has also recently been identified as an early indicator of cancer, especially the development of tumors,
if the process goes awry. When all is working well, DNMT1 maintains the normal methylation pattern set in the embryonic stages,
like suppress the growth of tumors or express proteins that repair damaged DNA, and that, in turn, can lead to cancer.
Building on previous work in Barton group, Furst and Barton devised an electrochemical platform to measure the activity of DNMT1 in crude tissue samples those that contain all of the material from a tissue
each composed of a colorectal tumor sample and an adjacent healthy tissue from the same patient.
and the presence of cancer the correlation was with activity. he assay provides a reliable and sensitive measure of hypermethylation,
so this technique could provide a useful route to early detection of cancer when hypermethylation is involved.
portable tests that could be used in the home to catch colorectal cancer in its earliest, most treatable stages.
NA Electrochemistry shows DNMT1 Methyltransferase Hyperactivity in Colorectal Tumors, was supported by the National institutes of health a
#Risk of bowel cancer reduced by taking aspirin for Lynch syndrome patients An international study led by The University of Melbourne has confirmed that long-term regular taking of aspirin
or ibuprofen reduces the risk of bowel cancer by more than half for people with the genetic mutation causing Lynch syndrome.
At least 1 in 1000 people in the population have the genetic mutation that causes Lynch syndrome.
These people have a much higher rate of bowel cancer than the general population and about half would develop the disease without regular screening.
In a paper published in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute University of Melbourne researchers and international collaborators, led by Dr Driss Ait Ouakrim
and Dr Aung Ko Win from the School of Population and Global Health confirmed that those with Lynch syndrome who took aspirin regularly were less likely to develop bowel cancer than Lynch syndrome patients who did not take aspirin.
another nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, were about 60%less likely to develop bowel cancer compared with those who did not take ibuprofen.
if and how lifestyle factors and medications can modify their risk of bowel cancer, Dr Win said. ur data is the first to confirm the finding of a previous international randomised clinical trial that found a protective effect of aspirin on bowel cancer for these high-risk people.
Also, we were able to show the similar protective effect of ibuprofen such as Nurofen on bowel cancer for people with Lynch syndrome,
Dr Win said
#Breakthrough in graphene production could trigger revolution in artificial skin development A pioneering new technique to produce high-quality,
for example, are often overactive in cancer; gene editing could silence these genes to stop a cancer.
Clinicians worry that transplanting stem cells to heal diabetes or Parkinson disease raises the risk of endless cell divisions and cancer.
Removing genes that promote cell division could forestall that danger. Long before those uses reach the clinic,
A team of researchers from the Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO) have discovered now that telomeres
I believe that crowd-sourced computing will enable more important scientific advances in cancer treatment and clean energy, for example in the future,
Heart disease is the No. 1 cause of death in the United states, killing 40 percent more people than all types of cancer combined.
But while there are routine screens for many types of cancer, there isn a universally adopted test used to check for heart attack risk in people who are not exhibiting symptoms associated with heart disease.
#Tumor-suppressing gene lends insight to cancer treatment Cell duplication and growth is essential to sustaining life,
a known tumor-suppressor gene, has mutated or is absent, this delicate replication process derails and can lead to cancer development.
The study, published in Nature Communications, could influence how future cancer patients are treated based on their genetic makeup. umors without PTEN are more sensitive to chemotherapies that work by targeting DNA replication,
while normal cells or cancers with active PTEN resist these treatments, said Dr. Wen H. Shen, the study lead investigator and an assistant professor of cell biology in radiation oncology at Weill Cornell. ased on our research,
knowing PTEN status is critical for guiding treatment choices. n the late 1990s, scientists discovered the PTEN gene,
and growing evidence has shown that PTEN is a powerful tumor suppressor. Less clear, however, has been whether
and if loss of PTEN could impact this central process of genome transmission to allow development and progression of cancer.
and Edward Meyer Cancer Center at Weill Cornell. s the DNA double helix unwinds and separates, forming A y-shaped open structure,
Cancer can result when the stress signals accumulate or when cells with unreplicated DNA rush into cell division prematurely to produce an abnormal number of chromosomes in a cell, a condition called aneuploidy.
PTEN function is absent in a wide variety of cancers for example, 70 percent of prostate cancers have PTEN mutation or deletion.
Because of this, researchers are testing PTEN to see if it a marker of aggressive cancer
and for personalized cancer treatment. atients whose cancers have lost PTEN or harbor mutations in the gene are known to have poorer outcomes than patients with active PTEN,
Shen said. ur expectation is that a PTEN blood test in the near future will help clinicians decide on the right therapies for each cancer patient,
and in particular, to benefit this subgroup of cancer patients carrying PTEN mutations. ource: Cornell Universit u
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