#Scientists pave way for diamonds to trace early cancers Physicists from the University of Sydney have devised a way to use diamonds to identify cancerous tumours before they become life threatening.
synthetic version of the precious gem can light up early-stage cancers in nontoxic, noninvasive Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans.
Targeting cancers with tailored chemicals is not new but scientists struggle to detect where these chemicals go since,
if a treatment has been taken up by a cancer. Led by Professor David Reilly from the School of Physics
researchers from the University investigated how nanoscale diamonds could help identify cancers in their earliest stages."
"By attaching hyperpolarised diamonds to molecules targeting cancers the technique can allow tracking of the molecules'movement in the body,
and target cancers long before they become life-threatening, "says Professor Reilly. The next stage of the team's work involves working with medical researchers to test the new technology on animals.
#3d image of cancer protein aids quest for new treatments Scientists at the Walter and Eliza Hall Institute have created the first three-dimensional image of a key protein known to be involved in the development of blood and other cancers.
The discovery showed the protein, called Trib1, plays a vital role in controlling how and when other proteins are degraded,
The finding could be used to develop new drugs to treat cancers such as leukaemia, caused by malfunctioning of the Trib1 protein.
causing a type of blood cancer called acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Institute researchers Dr James Murphy and Dr Isabelle Lucet, in collaboration with Dr Peter Mace from the University of Otago, New zealand, characterised the human Tribbles protein Trib1.
and can lead to diseases such as cancer.""Using the Australian Synchrotron, Dr Mace, Dr Murphy and colleagues were able to obtain detailed three-dimensional images of Trib1."
which will provide critical clues for developing drugs that target Trib1 to treat cancers.""Lead investigator Dr Mace said Trib1 acted as a scaffold to bring many proteins together,
which causes a loss of proteins that would normally inhibit cancer. Understanding the structure of Trib1 provides critical clues about how we could block Tribbles for the treatment of AML."
"In one of many successful tests, the lab designed molecules to detect mutation sequences in historic biopsy samples preserved in wax from cancer patients.
One of the researchers'goals is to design noninvasive cancer diagnostics that detect DNA biomarkers in blood samples for early screening and early recurrence detection.
and apply it to cancer detection n
#New approach toward a broad spectrum malaria vaccine Malaria affects millions of people worldwide. Plasmodium falciparum enolase participates in parasite invasion of host red blood cells and mosquito midgut epithelium.
Strangely shaped cells often indicate cancer. While this old, simple technique may seem a quaint throwback in the age of high-technology health care tools like genetic sequencing
Phd, research scientist at UC San diego Moores Cancer Center, as well as the San diego Supercomputer Center and Department of Neurosciences at UC San diego."
They then tested the molecules for their ability to kill glioblastoma tumors in the Moores Cancer Center lab of the study's senior author
#World first lab-in-a-briefcase Academics at Loughborough University hope to boost early detection rates of cancer in developing countries with their portable lab-in-a-briefcase that can operate even at high temperatures.
Believed to be the first kit of its kind dedicated to the portable measurement of cancer biomarkers,
The number of people dying from cancer in developing countries is on the increase, partly due to steadily ageing populations
Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide, accounting for over 8 million deaths per year,
and 70%of the world's cancer deaths occur in Africa, Asia and Central and South america.
The number of new cancer cases is expected to rise by 70%over the next two decades 1. With the help of his Research Associate Ana Isabel Barbosa,
A new affordable and disposable microfluidic test strip--comprising of tiny tubes about the size of a human hair--is used specifically for the quick measurement of different types of cancer biomarkers in a whole blood sample.
has already been used successfully by Dr Reis in a separate study that detected prostate cancer with the help of a smartphone camera.
and this is what makes it a truly life-changing concept for the screening and monitoring of different types of cancer."
boosting levels of cancer detection in developing countries where ordinarily people would not have such easy access to early diagnostics.
Although the study focused on rapid detection for prostate cancer, Dr Reis said the microfluidic test strip is versatile enough to measure several cancer biomarkers simultaneously from one whole blood sample. 1 World health organization World Cancer Report 201 1
#Detecting diabetes in a saliva sample with a smart phone With the participation of Mexican and international experts,
and at least one relative, is believed also to play a role in cell division and cancer. Arrayin collaboration with Dutch colleagues, the authors now show how important VRAC is, particularly in cancer.
They investigated cell lines to determine the role played by VRAC and its subunits in the transport of cisplatin and carboplatin into the cell.
From the researchers'point of view, this goes some way into explaining why some people are resistant to some forms of cancer therapy.
Researchers led by Sven Rottenberg of the Cancer Research Centre in Amsterdam also identified LRRC8D as a relevant gene in a genome-wide screen for cellular cytostatic resistance.
They studied the genetic data of ovarian cancer patients, who had been treated with cisplatin or carboplatin, with regard to their survival time.
#DNA in blood can track cancer development, response in real time Scientists have shown for the first time that tumour DNA shed into the bloodstream can be used to track cancers in real time as they evolve
and respond to treatment, according to a new Cancer Research UK study published in the journal Nature Communications.
Over three years, researchers at the University of Cambridge took surgical tumour samples (biopsies) and blood samples from a patient with breast cancer that had already spread to other parts of her body.
and timing of genetic changes appearing as the cancer developed and responded to treatment. The results provide the first proof-of-principle that analysing tumour DNA in the blood can accurately monitor cancer within the body.
Study author Professor Carlos Caldas, senior group leader at the Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, said:"
"This definitively shows that we can use blood-based DNA tests to track the progress of cancer in real time.
The findings could change the way we monitor patients, and may be especially important for people with cancers that are difficult to reach,
as taking a biopsy can sometimes be quite an invasive procedure.""The patient in the study had had breast cancer that already spread to a number of other organs.
and Nitzan Rozenfeld laboratories at the Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute--were even able to distinguish between the different secondary cancers
We now need to see if this works in more patients and other cancer types,
"Dr Kat Arney, science information manager at Cancer Research UK, said:""Spotting tumour DNA in the bloodstream is a really promising area of research,
and monitoring cancers. But this work gives us a window into the future, where we'll use less invasive techniques to track the disease in real time
to successfully detect cell stiffness changes associated with certain cancers and other diseases. Brian Patchett, a research assistant and instructor within the Department of physics at Utah Valley University, will describe the group's method,
and how they change during the process of cancer and disease development.""The stiffness of the cell is the primary change detected with our high-frequency ultrasound;
The group's method can also help distinguish between different types of cancer--such as aggressive breast cancer vs. less aggressive forms."
"This method can be used to explore the aspect of cells that changes during Alzheimer's disease, the metastasis of cancer,
and characterize cancer or other diseases.""Our method identifies aggressive types of breast cancer, for example, while in the operating room,"Patchett noted."
"We're collaborating with the Huntsman Cancer Institute--part of the University of Utah healthcare system--to explore various types of breast tissues under levitation to refine our pathology detection methods,
personalized medical treatments based on our ability to quickly and effectively detect cancers and diseases in patients
This same type of approach potentially also could be used to make other currently plant-based medicines for fighting cancer
such as a free mobile app where users help find data patterns in cancer research by playing games.
Colorectal cancer commonly referred to as colon cancer is one of the three most common cancers worldwide and the most common in Singapore.
Almost 95 per cent of colorectal cancers are from malignant tumours. The research team found that Imatinib,
Professor of Metabolic Disease at NTU Lee Kong Chian School of medicine and senior principal investigator with the National Cancer Centre Singapore. ur work has important clinical implications,
and cancer progression in patients predisposed to develop colorectal cancer, said Prof Pettersson, who is also a Professor of Host-Microbe Interactions at Karolinska Institutet.
the researchers were able to durably wipe out cancer cells in mice implanted with cells from the drug-resistant tumor. ven in cancers that are responding to targeted therapy by conventional criteria,
the senior author of the new study, Trever Bivona, MD, Phd, assistant professor of medicine and member of the UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center (HDFCCC).
and had acquired not additional cancer-driving mutations, or any other mutations known to confer drug resistance.
a growing body of work has tied the NF-KAPPA-B pathway to various forms of cancer. An experimental drug known as PBS-1086 directly targets the NF-KAPPA-B pathway,
Isaac Hilton, postdoctoral fellow in the Gersbach Lab and first author of the study. ut many diseases, like cancer,
and MIT Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, found that a subset of glioblastoma tumor cells is dependent on a particular enzyme that breaks down the amino acid glycine.
Clinical Trial Finds A wearable device that emits low-level electrical fields can slow the progression of glioblastoma, the deadliest form of brain cancer,
#New Way to Fight Cancer Targeted cancer therapies work by blocking a single oncogenic pathway to halt tumor growth.
Moreover, tumors contain a small portion of cancer stem cells that are believed to be responsible for tumor initiation, metastasis and drug resistance.
Thus, eradicating cancer stem cells may be critical for achieving long-lasting remission, but there are no drugs available that specifically attack cancer stem cells.
A Surprising Discovery Now a research team led by investigators at Harvard Medical school and the Cancer Center at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical center
has identified an inhibitor of the Pin1 enzyme that can address both these challenges in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) and triple-negative breast cancer.
a treatment for APL that is considered to be the first example of modern targeted cancer therapy,
can block multiple cancer-driving pathways and, at the same time, eliminate cancer stem cells by degrading the Pin1 enzyme.
Reported online in Nature Medicine, these novel findings suggest a promising new way to fight cancerarticularly cancers that are aggressive
or drug resistant. in1 changes protein shape through proline-directed phosphorylation, which is a major control mechanism for disease,
HMS professor of medicine and director of translational therapeutics in the Cancer Research Institute at Beth Israel Deaconess. in1 is a common key regulator in many types of cancer
of which are known to also control cancer stem cells. Lu also co-discovered the enzyme in 1996.
added co-author Pier Paolo Pandolfi, the HMS George C. Reisman Professor of Medicine and director of the Cancer Genetics Program at Beth Israel Deaconess,
thereby stopping cancer stem cells from replicating. This is a critically important discovery that will impact the treatment of other forms of cancer
since Pin1 inhibition is also affecting other key oncogenes. To that end, the authors also tested ATRA in triple-negative breast cancer, one of the most aggressive types of breast cancer.
or more potent and specific Pin1-targeted ATRA variants for cancer treatment. he current ATRA drug has a very short half life of only 45 minutes in humans,
and offers a promising new approach for targeting a Pin1-dependent common oncogenic mechanism in numerous cancer-driving pathways in cancer
and cancer stem cells. This is especially critical for treating aggressive or drug-resistant cancers. a
#Computer-Designed Rocker Protein Worlds First To Biomimic Ion Transport For the first time, scientists recreated the biological function of substrate transportation across the cell membranes by computationally designing a transporter protein.
and prevent cancer relapse. Working with laboratory models of pancreatic and breast cancer, the scientists found that myeloid cells,
During anti-angiogenic therapy, said Bergers, the Neill H. and Linda S. Brownstein Endowed Chair in Brain tumor Research and a member of the UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center,
so the cancer just ignores the therapy. The researchers found that targeting specific innate immune cells within the tumor did not reverse the negative effects of PI3K activation.
whether and how the cancer will spread. At the same time, the discovery also opens new doors for future improved treatment of patients with melanomas.
researchers studying a range of conditions from West Nile to multiple sclerosis to diabetes to cancer can generate an unprecedented level of detailed data about cells from relatively small samples.
Similarly, in his lab, Hafler applies Cytof to the study of cellular complexities at the root of diseases such as a multiple sclerosis and cancer.
and profile whole populations of immune cells for the study of cancer and other complex diseases.
#An end to cancer pain? U of T researcher finds the ain trigger A new study led by University of Toronto researcher Dr. David Lam has discovered the trigger behind the most severe forms of cancer pain.
Released in top journal Pain this month, the study points to TMPRSS2 as the culprit:
a gene that is also responsible for some of the most aggressive forms of androgen-fuelled cancers.
Head of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery at the Faculty of dentistry, Lam research initially focused on cancers of the head and neck,
Studies have shown that these types of cancers are the most painful, with sufferers experiencing pain that is immediate and localized,
and neck cancer patients are men leading him to investigate a genetic marker with a known correlation to prostate cancer,
TMPRSS2. rostate cancer research already knows that if you have the TMPRSS2 gene marker, the prostate cancer is much more aggressive.
Theye also shown that this is androgen (male hormone) sensitive. In his study, Lam, who is appointed jointly as a Consultant Surgeon at the Princess Margaret Cancer Centre
and a Clinician at the Mount sinai Wasser Pain Management Centre, ascertained that TMPRSS2 was not only present in patients suffering from head
and neck cancers it was also prevalent in much greater quantities than in prostate cancer.
Lam and his fellow researchers followed up this observation by looking at different types of cancers with known pain associations for instance, certain breast and melanoma cell lines.
and neck cancer is the most painful form of cancer, followed by prostate cancer, while melanoma,
or skin cancer, sits at the bottom of the pain scale. But what surprised the researchers was that the presence
and amount of TMPRSS2 in these cancer cell cultures stood in exact correlation with the known level of pain each cancer causes. t was exactly
A New Direction for Drug Research The startling discovery of TMPRSS2 role in triggering cancer pain may lead to the creation of targeted cancer pain therapies that effectively shut down the expression of this gene
he discovery that TMPRSS2 drives cancer pain demonstrates another way that cancers lead to suffering.
Inhibition of its activity in patients might provide a new form of treatment for cancer pain. ny cancer that is painful before initiating drug treatment we can label the cancer cells for TMPRSS2
what role the increased expression of TMPRSS2 plays in the aggressiveness and morbidity rates associated with certain aggressive cancers
whether plexin B2 and the semaphorins also play a role in the repair of other organisms and in diseases such as cancer
#Molecular spies to fight cancer Tracking the tumor: PNA-antibodies detect initially the diseased cells (red)
This procedure could improve cancer treatment in the future by using internal radiation. The human immune system forms antibodies that protect the body from pathogens.
They are used in cancer research to detect and fight malignant tumors. For example, antibodies can serve as transport vehicles for radionuclides, with
explains Dr Holger Stephan from the Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research at HZDR. his is a disadvantage
, cancer or infections), or to silence it when it mistakenly attacks the body itself (e g.,
#Real-time data for cancer therapy In the battle against cancer, which kills nearly 8 million people worldwide each year,
Now, researchers at MIT Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research are closing that information gap by developing a tiny biochemical sensor that can be implanted in cancerous tissue during the initial biopsy.
Making cancer treatments more targeted and precise would boost their efficacy while reducing patientsexposure to serious side effects. e wanted to make a device that would give us a chemical signal about what happening in the tumor,
While the primary application of these sensors would be cancer care, Cima is also eager to collaborate with researchers in other fields, such as environmental science. or example,
#Researchers discover cancer markers may be visible early during human development Researchers at the Virginia Bioinformatics Institute have uncovered a link between the genomes of cells originating in the neural crest
and treat cancer. The new finding, recently published in Oncotarget, resolves why some cancer types share genomic and clinical features.
The discovery may also lead to new ways to diagnose and treat brain cancer, such as gliomas, medulloblastomas, and neuroblastomas;
and skin cancer, known as melanoma. More than 22,000 new cases of brain cancer and more than 73,000 new cases of skin cancer and were expected to arise in Americans in 2015, according to the National Cancer Institute.
To reveal when cancer-causing genomic changes occur, a research group led by Harold kipgarner, a professor in the departments of biological science, computer science,
and basic science at Virginia Tech Carilion Medical school, analyzed an often ignored part of the human genome repetitive DNA sequences referred to as microsatellites.
Researchers with the institute Medical Informatics Systems division say cancer types can be found or predicted from specific markers within these repetitive sequences, known as cancer-associated microsatellite loci, or CAML.
Long considered unk DNAOR ark matterwithin the genome because their function was unclear microsatellites are known for their role in certain diseases such as Fragile X and Huntington disease.
Garner group has shown that these regions can be informative about diseases ranging from cancer to autism spectrum disorder.
With more study, researchers believe interrelated hereditary and genetic traits of certain cancers can be traced to their common origin at the neural crest,
a company co-founded by Garner to develop new ways to assess cancer risk, create diagnostics,
and explore potential drug targets to help cancer patients p
#How chronic inflammation can lead to cancer Chronic inflammation caused by disease or exposure to dangerous chemicals has long been linked to cancer,
but exactly how this process takes place has remained unclear. Now, a precise mechanism by which chronic inflammation can lead to cancer has been uncovered by researchers at MIT a development that could lead to improved targets for preventing future tumors.
In a paper published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, the researchers unveil how one of a battery of chemical warfare agents used by the immune system to fight off infection can itself create DNA mutations that lead to cancer.
As many as one in five cancers are believed to be caused or promoted by inflammation. These include mesothelioma,
a type of lung cancer caused by inflammation following chronic exposure to asbestos, and colon cancer in people with a history of inflammatory bowel disease, says Bogdan Fedeles,
a research associate in the Department of Biological engineering at MIT, and the paper lead author.
are the kind of lesions that would initiate cancer, he adds. DNA sequencing of a developing gastrointestinal tumor revealed two types of mutation:
he explains. his scenario would best explain the work of James Fox and his MIT colleagues on gastrointestinal cancer.
says the paper provides a novel mechanistic link between chronic inflammation and cancer development. ith a combination of biochemical,
a type of mutation that is frequently observed in human cancers, Wang says. Studies of tissue samples of patients suffering from inflammatory bowel disease have found significant levels of 5clc,
who was honored with the prestigious Benjamin F. Trump award at the 2015 Aspen Cancer Conference for the research r
Moreover, the discovery paves the way for further studies on the significance of caveolae for cancer
kin malignant melanoma is a particularly aggressive cancer associated with quick blood vessel growth which means early diagnosis is vital for a good prognosis.
and demonstrate for opioid pain relievers can be adapted to produce many plant-derived compounds to fight cancers,
and show that they are able to regenerate liver tissue without giving rise to cancer.
Karin team examined three different mouse models of liver cancer. They found no signs of hybrid hepatocytes in any of the tumors,
leading the researchers to conclude that these cells don contribute to liver cancer caused by obesity-induced hepatitis
Senior study author Bruce Spiegelman of Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical school says that the confusion over irisin comes down to disagreement over how irisin protein is made in skeletal muscle cells and the detection limits
. CWRU M. Frank Rudy and Margaret Domiter Rudy Professor of biomedical engineering and an expert in molecular imaging for cancer and other diseases. e showed with this technique that we can detect very tiny tumors of just
revealing smaller cancers than can be detected with current clinical imaging modalities. ur imaging technology has the potential to differentiate aggressive tumors from low-risk tumors.
These are two things that potentially can make a big impact on clinical practice and also management of cancer.
Since small, early-stage cancers are the most responsive to drug treatments, screening is an important aspect of follow-up care for breast cancer patients,
they are neither able to detect specific cancer types or early cancer growth. The earliest signs of cancer spread are called micrometastases.
As the name implies, they are often too small to be detected with standard screening. Dr. Lu team used a biochemical approach combined with MRI to detect molecular changes that signal micrometastases.
More importantly, the fibronectin part of the complex is expressed during a cell transition to cancer and plays a role in cell growth
generating enough signal for MRI detection of small, high-risk cancer and micrometastases. The researchers tested the approach in mice into
and the consequence of metastatic cancer make these efforts urgent and important, said Lu, adding that his research team also hopes to advance the approach for prostate cancer detection. e think this targeted approach holds great promise for earlier imaging of high-risk cancers in the clinic.
It could also become useful as a noninvasive way to assess breast cancer treatment progress.
The team plans to complete safety testing of the imaging agent during the next three years.
#New synthetic tumor environments make cancer research more realistic Tumors are notoriously difficult to study in their natural habitat body tissues
but a new synthetic tissue environment may give cancer researchers the next-best look at tumor growth and behavior.
or go awry in cancer. They could be used for therapeutic drug screening and to help teach researchers how to grow whole human organs.
we could be taking samples of different components of a cancer patient mammary gland and building a model of their tissue to use as a personalized drug screening platform.
it sets the stage for cancer. ut studying how the cells of complex tissues like the mammary gland self-organize,
but also to experiment with specifically adding in a single cell with a known cancer mutation to different parts of the organoid to observe its effects.
or more cells expressing low levels of the cancer gene Rasg12v affected the cells around them.
funding research into a new way to deliver protein-based cancer-fighting drugs and other therapeutics directly into cells.
More Precise Cancer Therapies UCSFUC San francisco researchers have engineered a molecular n switchthat allows tight control over the actions of T cells,
immune system cells that have shown great potential as therapies for cancer. The innovation lays the groundwork for sharply reducing severe,
one branch of the burgeoning field of cancer immunotherapy, have been refining cell-surface sensors known as chimeric antigen receptors, or CARS.
where they launch a series of cancer-killing immune responses. Dangers of CAR T cell Therapy CAR-equipped T cells have proven to be remarkably successful in the treatment of various forms of chemotherapy-resistant leukemia
Sometimes normal cells express small amounts of a cancer-associated protein targeted by a CAR T cell.
While successful against blood cancers such as leukemia, CAR T cells have shown so far less efficacy against solid tumors that effect the colon, breast, prostrate, brain and other tissues.
quite powerful effects even if for a subset of patients or for certain types of cancer is really remarkable,
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