Certain diseases, including cancer, involves changes in DNA methylation patterns, and the ability to document these alterations aid in the development of novel therapies. ethylation is really key in development,
and in cancer, says Whitehead Founding Member Rudolf Jaenisch, who is also a professor of biology at MIT. his reporter is a very important tool.
and screening for the activation of genes silenced in diseases like cancer. This method will allow us to see which drug will activate a given gene.
For example, they could look for a drug that could change the hypermethylation that has been associated with a specific cancer.
Their findings in the Journal of the American Chemical Society, may aid efforts to build point-of-care devices for quick medical diagnosis of various diseases ranging from cancer, allergies, autoimmune diseases, sexually transmitted diseases (STDS),
Eric O. Freed, director and a senior investigator of the HIV Dynamics and Replication Program within the National Cancer Institute, Chen Liang, an associate professor at Mcgill University and Benjamin Chen
including in cancer research, says Levi Garraway, an institute member of the Broad Institute, and the inaugural director of the Joint Center for Cancer Precision Medicine at the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women Hospital,
and the Broad Institute. Garraway was involved not in the research. An open approach to empower research Zhang,
Their findings may aid efforts to build point-of-care devices for quick medical diagnosis of various diseases ranging from cancer, allergies, autoimmune diseases, sexually transmitted diseases (STDS),
#Researchers disguise drugs as platelets to target cancer Researchers have developed for the first time a technique that coats anticancer drugs in membranes made from a patient own platelets,
and attack both primary cancer tumors and the circulating tumor cells that can cause a cancer to metastasize.
#Raising Computers to Be Good Scientists Making sense of the new scientific data published every year including well over a million cancer-related journal articles is a tall order for the contemporary scientist.
such as the treatment of cancer patients, is an arduous, uphill battle. But an associate professor in the University of Arizona School of Information
fast, individualized and precise biomedical care. he REACH project is applied to cancer biology, but we have an even bigger vision than that,
although cancer biology is big enough, Morrison said. If big data is a two-part challenge,
the system was able to process 1, 000 papers on RAS-related cancers in a matter of hours,
Secondly, RAS oncogenes are mutated in 33 percent of all human cancers, making them one of the most highly researched classes of oncogenes.
As of now, REACH is already familiar with 30 different species affected by RAS-related cancers.
#Ground-breaking computer program diagnoses cancer in two days In the vast majority of cancer cases, the doctor can quickly identify the source of the disease, for example cancer of the liver, lungs, etc.
and attempts to locate the origin of the cancer before starting any treatment. Now, researchers at DTU Systems Biology have combined genetics with computer science
Each year, about 35,000 people are diagnosed with cancer in Denmark, and many of them face the prospect of a long wait until the cancer has been diagnosed and its source located.
However, even after very extensive tests, there will still be 2-3 per cent of patients where it has not been possible to find the origin of the cancer.
In such cases, the patient will be treated with a cocktail of chemotherapy instead of a more appropriately targeted treatment,
are based on analyses of DNA mutations in cancer tissue samples from patients with metastasized cancer,
i e. cancer which has spread. The pattern of mutations is analysed in a computer program which has been trained to find possible primary tumour localizations.
whether an individual cancer patient will benefit from a specific type of medicine. This is a very effective method
and it is becoming increasingly common to conduct such sequencing for cancer patients. Associate professor Aron Eklund from DTU Systems Biology explains:
e are pleased very that we can now use the same sequencing data together with our new algorithms to provide a much faster diagnosis for cancer cases that are difficult to diagnose,
and thus also as an effective and easy way of monitoring people who are at risk of developing cancer.
In one of many successful tests, the lab designed molecules to detect mutation sequences in historic biopsy samples preserved in wax from cancer patients.
One of the researchersgoals is to design noninvasive cancer diagnostics that detect DNA biomarkers in blood samples for early screening and early recurrence detection.
and apply it to cancer detection a
#Clinical trial shows first ever positive results in treating primary progressive and relapsing multiple sclerosis Three phase three clinical studies using the drug ocrelizumab to treat patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) have yielded positive results for treating two forms of the disease and the first ever positive results
The research, funded by the blood cancer charity Bloodwise and the Medical Research Council (MRC
e are starting to find that many forms of blood cancer can be traced back to defects in the basic housekeeping processes in our cellsmaturation.
ew insights into the biology of blood cancers and disorders that originate in the bone marrow have only been made possible by the latest advances in technology.
#Researchers discover mechanism that could lead to better ovarian cancer treatment Resistance to chemotherapy is a major problem for those suffering from ovarian cancer problem that prevents a cure from a disease dubbed the ilent killer.
Over the last five years, UGA College of Pharmacy associate professors Mandi Murph and Shelley Hooks have discovered that a type of protein known as RGS10 impacts the effectiveness of ovarian cancer chemotherapy.
Finding mtor as the mechanism of RGS10 effects could help explain the unique features of chemoresistant cancer cells. hemoresistance to ovarian cancer is what kills women,
Hooks said. t the deadliest gynecologic cancer. Most women with ovarian cancer will have their tumors come back. ithin two years,
85 percent of women will have their cancer come back in a more aggressive form, Murph said. t is during that time that they won respond to the chemotherapy.
Their article ellular deficiency in the RGS10 protein facilitates chemoresistant ovarian cancer, reviews over five years worth of research on RGS10 and was published in Future Medicinal Chemistry.
Their findings on RGS10 have jump-started an interest in the protein as well as created several major research articles on the topic.
the chemotherapy for ovarian cancer is more or less effective, Hooks explained. They also found that RGS10 is silenced epigenetically,
she explained. t would mean a better chance of survival for women with ovarian cancer.
we can cure ovarian cancer. Currently, platinum chemotherapy drugs, like paclitaxel and carboplatin are used as a one-size-fits-all treatment for ovarian cancer patients.
However, chemoresistance to platinum drugs remains a serious challenge to curing ovarian cancer. Murph recommends more research on mtor inhibitors to see how they can be modified to respond to chemotherapy. ive years ago
this field of RGS10 cancer research didn exist, she said. ut Dr hooks and I have been able to create this area of research
and lead it. Before no one knew or cared about RGS10 effects in cancer cells. Now we have more research that could contribute to improving chemotherapy. h
#Researchers identify a target to stop the spread of ovarian cancer UNSW researchers have discovered a method for disrupting the spread of ovarian cancer, by blocking receptors present on the surface of cancer cells.
and stops the cancer will soon be developed. The findings are published in the journal Oncotarget. With no early detection test and a lack of obvious symptoms in the early stages of ovarian cancer,
women are diagnosed usually late after the cancer has spread to other organs in the body.
Survival rates for ovarian cancer remain at around 40%%with the disease killing 150,000 women worldwide every year.
Very little is known about how and why ovarian cancer spreads and researchers say this is due, in part, to a lack of understanding of the key genes and molecules that initiate and control the progression and growth of ovarian cancer.
That is slowly changing thanks to pioneering work by researchers at UNSW Lowy Cancer Research Centre and their international partners.
In their latest study, the UNSW team found tissue sections taken from ovarian cancer patients had a significantly higher expression of the receptor molecule, Ror2
than tissue sections taken from benign samples. It has previously been shown that its ister receptor Ror1,
is expressed also abnormally in ovarian cancer patients and associated with poor survival. The team also established that concurrently silencing both receptors had a strong inhibitory effect on the proliferation, migration and invasion of the cancer cells.
because the receptor molecules identified seem to be expressed universally in all epithelial ovarian cancer patients,
not just those with hereditary ovarian cancer. ome drugs are showing promise as a treatment for patients with hereditary ovarian cancer,
however this group makes up only 15%of all ovarian cancer patients, said Dr Ford from UNSW Lowy Cancer Research Centre. or the majority of patients with ovarian cancer,
treatment options have made little progress over the past 30 years and there are currently no targeted therapies available. ersonalised medicine is about targeting treatment to an individual particular genetic profile,
and unlike other cancer types such as breast, this is still very much in its infancy in ovarian cancer treatment.
Researchers believe the Ror amilyof receptor molecules are attractive drug targets for three reasons. First, the receptors are not usually present in normal adult tissues
and other members of this specific class of receptors have been targeted successfully for cancer therapies. The cancer drugs Herceptin, Gleevec and Iressa all target receptors of this class.
Separate research has also found that the Ror2 receptor is associated with unfavourable prognosis and tumour progression in cervical cancer.
and others suggests that in all gynaecological cancers both Ror1 and Ror2 may be expressed over and is important for disease progression.
and spread of ovarian cancer. nce we better understand the roles of these receptors we will be in a position to develop a drug to target these receptors and hopefully halt ovarian cancer in its tracks,
The UNSW study focused on epithelial ovarian cancer which is the most common type making up about 90%of tumours of the ovary.
Rarer types of ovarian cancer include germ cell tumours (cancer of the egg making cells of the ovary) and sarcomas t
and potentially treating human diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative conditions and diabetes, which can be driven by mutations in control regions of the genome.
Widely used today to treat cancer, the technique requires doctors to mark unwanted cells with a chemical that makes them sensitive to low-level red light.
yet large enough to carry the chemical payload needed to do the job. n our cancer work,
which is already in clinical trials as a cancer therapeutic; and a more precise next-generation antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) drug developed in collaboration with Isis pharmaceuticals,
and now he believes his team has discovered a revolutionary strategy to treat cancer. he focus of my work has always been to define the signature molecules that are on
These egg-specific proteins are also found in cancers that arise in a wide range of organs,
For some reason, when many cancers dysregulate, or begin to grow on their own, they revert back and take on features of a developing egg.
Herr and his team are bringing awareness to an aspect of cancer that is fundamental to the disease:
At the same time, theye creating an entirely new field of study into cancer-oocyte neoantigens. athologists have appreciated long that cancer cells may de-differentiate
What we have confirmed now is that cancers from many organs de-differentiate to take on features of the oocyte, the original mother cell from
With this discovery, Herr started his first cancer research company, Neoantigenics. Like Ovastasis, Neoantigenics is focused on creating a targeted drug that will affect only those cells identified by the correct cell surface biomarkers.
Their goal is to create a cancer treatment that will track and kill cells that carry the SAS1B protein,
The same biomarkers that will help limit the area of impact for Ovastasis birth control will also help Neoantigenics confine the toxic effects of cancer treatment to growing egg and tumor cells.
This unique medication could mean a dramatic reduction of the difficult side-effects of traditional cancer treatments like hair loss, nausea, anemia and neuropathy.
but for female cancer patients especially, a treatment that doesn touch their body healthy tissues is a huge breakthrough. e think we have a way
but a way that could become a frontline treatment for women who have cancers of many types
After the cancer treatment is complete those primordial eggs can begin the cycle of normal egg growth and ovulation again.
and the company will work with U. Va. labs as it begins testing the cancer medication first in model organisms,
Future applications of such a DNA walker might include a cancer detector that could roam the human body searching for cancerous cells
constantly computing whether a cancer is present. ore immediate practical applications may include deploying the DNA walker in the body
Although it may be a long march from diagnosing cancer to curing it, ll breakthroughs begin with baby steps.
and smuggle cancer signals their neighbors New research in The FASEB Journal suggests that an in vitro co-culture system robustly quantifies the transfer of fluorescent proteins between cells
Not only does this cast an important light on how cancer metastasizes and recruits cellular material from healthy cells,
suggesting that this protein is a key regulator of cell-cell communication in cancer. Live cell imaging confirmed that the transfer is contact-dependent.
#New treatment targets cancers with particular genetic signature Oxford university researchers have found the Achilles heel of certain cancer cells mutations in a gene called SETD2.
Their findings will be presented to the National Cancer Research Institute conference in Liverpool 2nd november, 2015. It is well known that mutations drive cancer cell growth and resistance to treatment.
The Oxford team found that that was the case for cancer cells with mutations in a key cancer gene called SETD2.
utations in SETD2 are frequently found in kidney cancer and some childhood brain tumours, so we were excited
Importantly, the research team, funded by Cancer Research UK and the Medical Research Council, have developed also a biomarker test to identify SETD2 mutated tumours,
something that can be used immediately in cancer diagnosis. Professor Tim Maughan, Clinical Director of the Cancer Research UK/Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, said:
his novel and exciting finding provides a new scientific basis for precision targeting of some cancers
which are currently very difficult to treat, and we are now taking these findings into clinical trials.
the hope is that these findings will help to target other cancers with similar weak points
and provide a step towards personalized cancer therapy i
#Google Project Loon Set to Enmesh the Globe with Internet Balloons by 2016 Project Loon is yet another highly ambitious project of the tech-giant Google,
For the first time, scientists have identified a protein inside blood vessels found at the invasive edge of brain tumours highlighting the area from where cancer is most likely to spread.
Mapping this inflammation gives scientists a more complete picture of the cancer. The scientists have developed a special dye that recognises
and Cancer Research UK scientist at The University of Oxford, said: f we can map the edge of the tumour,
Professor Charlie Swanton, NCRI chair and Cancer Research UK scientist at the Francis Crick Institute, said:
Harpal Kumar, Cancer Research UK chief executive, said: rain cancers continue to have very poor survival rates,
which is why research into how to treat them is a top priority for Cancer Research UK.
Being able to delineate the edges of brain tumours is an exciting step towards better surgery and radiotherapy for patients.
#Tadpole endoscope offers new hope for gastrointestinal cancer detection Hong kong researchers have devised a swimming housing for a capsule endoscopy camera which can be steered around to provide better images inside the stomach
Cancers in this system the oesophagus, stomach, intestines and rectum are major causes of death and difficult to investigate,
and clinicians in their quests to find cures for cancer, lupus and other diseases. The team used a preexisting next-generation sequencing toolkit,
The American Cancer Society uses cloud-based office and collaboration technology to improve organisational efficiencies.
and monitor cancer patients as well as other diseases. By engaging with pregnant women and monitoring their health via this mobile application,
whose cancers came back even after stem cell transplants. Their cancers were so aggressive they had no treatment options left said the study's senior author Stephan Grupp MD Phd a professor of Pediatrics in Penn's Perelman School of medicine and director of Translational Research in the Center
for Childhood Cancer Research at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia. The durable responses we have observed with CTL019 therapy are unprecedented.
Shannon Maude MD Phd an assistant professor of Pediatrics and a pediatric oncologist at CHOP and Noelle Frey MD MSCE an assistant professor of Medicine and an oncologist at Penn's Abramson's Cancer Center
are co-first authors of the new study. The research team is led by Carl June MD the Richard W. Vague Professor in Immunotherapy in the department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and director of Translational Research in the Abramson Cancer Center
along with David Porter MD the Jodi Fisher Horowitz Professor in Leukemia Care Excellence and director of Blood and Marrow Transplantation in the Abramson Cancer Center.
CTL019 manufacturing begins with a patient's own T cells which are collected via an apheresis process similar to blood donation then reprogrammed in Penn's Clinical Cell
whose cancers returned as CD19-negative leukemia that would not have been targeted by the modified cells.
and cells offer new solutions for cancer diagnosis and therapy. Understanding the interdependency of physiochemical properties of nanomedicines in correlation to their biological responses
and functions is crucial for their further development of as cancer-fighters. To develop next generation nanomedicines with superior anticancer attributes we must understand the correlation between their physicochemical properties--specifically particle size
which impact the overall therapeutic efficacy against cancers stated Li Tang first author of this PNAS article.
The results are extremely important to guide the future research in designing new nanomedicines for cancer treatment Cheng noted
and prevented metastasis in animals showing promise for the treatment of a variety of cancers in humans.
Seitz Materials Research Laboratory and University of Illinois Cancer Center. Tang who obtained his Phd degree from the University of Illinois with Jianjun Cheng is currently a CRI Irvington postdoctoral fellow at the Massachusetts institute of technology.
Errors in copying DNA are found in certain cancers and this work could one day help develop new treatment methods that stall
#Prostate cancers penchant for copper may be a fatal flaw Like discriminating thieves prostate cancer tumors scavenge
This proclivity for copper uptake is something we have known could be an Achilles'heel in prostate cancer tumors as well as other cancers said Donald Mcdonnell Ph d. chairman of the Duke Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology and senior author
of a study published Oct 15 2014 in Cancer Research a journal of the American Association of Cancer Research.
Disulfiram had at one time been a candidate for treating prostate cancer--it homes in on the additional copper in prostate cancer tumors
Androgens the male hormones that fuel prostate cancer increase the copper accumulation in the cancer cells.
Unfortunately hormone therapies do not cure prostate cancer and most patients experience relapse of their disease to a hormone-refractory
Although tremendous progress has been made in treating prostate cancer there is clearly a need for different approaches
Andrew Armstrong M d. associate professor of medicine was involved with a recent study at Duke testing disulfiram in men with advanced prostate cancer.
While we did not observe significant clinical activity with disulfiram in men with recurrent prostate cancer in our recent clinical trial this new data suggests a potential way forward
or similar compounds in men with progressive prostate cancer particularly in settings where the androgen receptor is active.
Flip could affect electrical grid cancer ratesthe discovery comes as new evidence indicates that the intensity of Earth's magnetic field is decreasing 10 times faster than normal leading some geophysicists to predict a reversal within a few
or temporary loss of the field before a permanent reversal could increase cancer rates. The danger to life would be even greater
#Immune cells in liver drive fatty liver disease, liver cancer Fatty liver disease--alongside fatty liver due to massive alcohol consumption--is caused mainly by excessive consumption of fat
These liver diseases (NAFLD and NASH) along with chronic viral infections are the most common causes of liver cancer or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC.
In the United states HCC is the fastest-growing form of cancer at the moment. No efficient causal therapy exists for HCC patients of which approximately 800000 die every year.
and also show how it can develop into liver cancer. Inflammatory events offer starting point for prevention
#Discovery of cellular snooze button advances cancer, biofuel research The discovery of a cellular snooze button has allowed a team of Michigan State university scientists to potentially improve biofuel production and offer insight on the early stages
of cancer. The discovery that the protein CHT7 is a likely repressor of cellular quiescence
Its application in cancer research however was a surprise finding that is leading Benning's lab in a new direction.
For cancer research it's a new paradigm Benning said. The switch that tells an organism to grow
#Research leads to brain cancer clinical trial Researchers at the University of Calgary's Hotchkiss Brain Institute (HBI)
and Southern Alberta Cancer Research Institute (SACRI) have made a discovery that could prolong the life of people living with glioblastoma--the most aggressive type of brain cancer.
Samuel Weiss Phd Professor and Director of the HBI and Research Assistant professor Artee Luchman Phd and colleagues published their work today in Clinical Cancer Research
and therapies that can be tested in the clinic provides the greatest hope for brain cancer patients
Glioblastoma is the most common and deadly form of brain cancer among adults. The progression and complexity of the tumours are often difficult to treat.
and Dr. Greg Cairncross--director of SACRI and leader of the Terry Fox Research Institute (TFRI'Therapeutic Targeting of Glioblastoma research program at the university--are now working with cancer researchers Dr. Warren Mason (Princess
Margaret Cancer Centre in Toronto) and Dr. Lesley Seymour (Director of the NCIC Clinical Trials Group's Investigational New Drug Program) and drug manufacturer Astrazeneca to plan a clinical trial testing a similar but newer drug
This is an important initiative--to test new drugs being developed for other types of cancers in the laboratory to identify which are most promising for testing in patients with glioblastoma.
which will be funded by a grant from the TFRI as well as grants from Canadian Cancer Society Research Institute to NCIC CTG says Seymour r
These mutations cause more than 200 diseases and contribute to others such as diabetes cancer Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease.
CRISPR with Suntag Already Is Shedding Light on Cancer and Normal Developmentcrispr--an acronym for clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats--is a natural system that bacteria use to defend themselves against viruses. The basis for CRISPR applications in the lab is a protein from this system called Cas9
CRISPR activation and interference can be used to understand how specific genes work in cancer regenerative medicine or neurodegenerative disease according to Weissman.
In a paper published today in the journal Cancer cell the researchers report how the drug known as DTP3 kills myeloma cells in laboratory tests in human cells
Multiple myeloma is an incurable cancer of the bone marrow which accounts for nearly two per cent of all cancer deaths.
Professor Guido Franzoso from the Department of Medicine at Imperial College London who led the research said:
and potentially several other types of cancer but we will need to confirm this in our clinical trials the first
and the immune and stress response systems was discovered to be overactive in many types of cancer and responsible for switching off the normal cellular mechanisms that naturally lead to cell death.
The Imperial researchers took a different approach looking for target genes downstream of NF-kb that might be responsible for its role in cancer specifically.
-B pathway with our DTP3 peptide therapeutic selectively kills myeloma cells could offer a completely new approach to treating patients with certain cancers such as multiple myeloma Professor Franzoso said.
The significant progress made by Professor Franzoso in multiple myeloma is one of the many cancers we believe his signal transduction research could be applied to.
and releases the drugs very quickly once inside the cancer cellgu says. n addition because we used self-assembling DNA techniques it is relatively easy to manufacturesays Wujin Sun lead author of the paper
and think it holds promise for delivering a variety of drugs targeting cancer and other diseases. he paper ocoon-Like Self-Degradable DNA-Nanoclew for Anticancer Drug Deliverywas published online Oct 13 in the Journal
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