Influenza

Anthrax (7)
Cholera (27)
Dengue (16)
Hemorrhagic fever (5)
Herpes (17)
Infectious disease (126)
Influenza (81)
Leprosy (5)
Lyme disease (7)
Measles (13)
Plague (12)
Rabies (9)
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Tuberculosis (34)
Yellow fever (7)

Synopsis: Domenii: Health: Health generale: Illness: Infectious diseases: Influenza:

not only for the treatment of influenza, but other viral respiratory infections that interact with similar host immune pathways,

each may contribute differently towards the immunity against influenza virus, says Francois Coulombe, a Mcgill Phd student and the study first author. nderstanding their individual role is crucial in developing a new therapy.

and that specific inhibition of PGE2 will be an effective therapy against influenza viral infection by boosting immune responses. i

When an influenza virus infects a human cell, it uses some of the host cellular machinery to make copies of itself,

FAST-SPREADING EPIDEMICS The need for new antiviral drugs against the influenza virus is great.

When influenza hit early and hard in the United states this year, it quietly claimed an unacknowledged victim:

Traditional flu monitoring depends in part on national networks of physicians who report cases of patients with influenza-like illness (ILI)##a diffuse set of symptoms

SLIDESHOW France's Sentinelles'network of doctors reporting cases of influenza-like illness has produced a clear picture of how the 2012-13#flu season has evolved.

including those for influenza, polio, and measles, consist of a killed or disabled version of a virus. However, for certain diseases,

#'Flu severity'gene identified A key gene that governs the severity of influenza infections has been identified.

By studying samples from the 2009 swine flu outbreak, researchers noticed a strong relationship between severity of influenza symptoms and variants in a gene called IFIT3.

and sometimes fatal, illness when they are infected with the influenza virus. Professor Paul Kellam of the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute near Cambridge said:'

'When you have this variant you have a four-to fivefold increased chance of severe influenza

During flu epidemics, rapid testing for the rs12252 variant in hospital emergency departments could help to identify people at risk of developing severe influenza and prioritise them for treatment.

Using the test in healthy people could also lead to a personalised approach to influenza vaccination.

pregnant women and people with chronic medical conditions, who are believed to be at greater risk of influenza complications.

Identifying those who are genetically susceptible could help doctors to decide more accurately who should receive influenza vaccination n

including influenza and pneumonia. A report on the experiments is published in the September 1 issue of the journal Anesthesiology.

exposed mice to both influenza virus and Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteria. The team discovered that giving the animals volatile anesthetics, such as halothane,

The researchers report that the anesthetics augmented the antibacterial immune response after influenza viral infection by blocking chemical signaling that involves type I interferon,

as if the animals were infected never with a prior influenza virus. The investigators report that symptoms of piloerection (involuntary bristling of hairs of the skin), hunched posture, impaired gait, labored breathing, lethargy,

suggest that volatile anesthetics may someday be helpful for combatting seasonal and pandemic influenza, particularly when there are flu vaccine shortages or limitations."

more expensive devices so-called standard short-read technologies other researchers have shown that theye of high enough quality to infer full-length genomes from scratch, for the E coli bacterium, Influenza virus,

SNAS could be used to target anything from influenza to different forms of cancer. They also can be used to suppress the immune response

Researchers say the technology has many potential applications. ne may be able to directly observe an influenza virus, HIV,

what type of influenza it is, and it can differentiate between a human strain and a bird strain,"said Neethirajan."

and influenza using a strategy called lethal mutagenesis. This strategy seeks to extinguish viruses by forcing their already high mutation rates above an intolerable threshold.

Many of the most threatening diseases are transmitted by so-called RNA VIRUSES, such as HIV, influenza, and hepatitis C. What they have in common is that the genome does not consist of DNA, but RNA.

The researchers report that the anesthetics augmented the antibacterial immune response after influenza viral infection by blocking chemical signaling that involves type I interferon

as if the animals were infected never with a prior influenza virus. Array"Our study is giving us more information about how volatile anesthetics work with respect to the immune system,

suggest that volatile anesthetics may someday be helpful for combatting seasonal and pandemic influenza, particularly when there are flu vaccine shortages or limitations."

particularly steroid-resistant and influenza-exacerbated asthma, and to test these drugs in patients with asthma.

but the scientistslong-term goal is to develop a vaccine-independent method to prevent flu infections. f we were to have an outbreak of some pandemic influenza virus similar to

The method involves raising the level of a protein that is known to be effective against all strains of influenza ever tested.

The protein effective against influenza is called IFITM3 (pronounced I-fit-M-3, for interferon-induced transmembrane protein 3). Under natural conditions,

and fend off an influenza attack. This enzyme, also a protein, proved to be the silver bullet in Yount work on flu prevention.

These proteins have been shown to inhibit a number of viruses including influenza A West Nile, Dengue fever and Ebola.

influenza B, a cause of seasonal flu; parechovirus, a mild gastrointestinal and respiratory virus; herpes virus 1, responsible for cold sores in the mouth;

while standard testing identified a virus as influenza A, which causes seasonal flu, the new test indicated that the virus was a particularly harsh subtype called H3n2.

the researchers showed their system was effective in mice with equine encephalitis virus and with strains of influenza virus relevant to public health,

or pandemic influenza said Professor Lester Kobzik the senior author. We were pleased quite that the work led us to NOS3-targeting drugs that are already available

(or at least large sections of it) from pathogenic variants of influenza viruses for example or from completely new pathogens explains Greenwood.

they can use the data to emphasize to parents the need to have immunized their children against influenza sooner rather than later,

Most public health departments do not electronically track influenza or stomach illnesses in preschools and child care centers settings."

fever, influenza-like illness, pink eye, stomach illnesses (gastroenteritis), cold or respiratory symptoms, ear infections and rash.

The most common illnesses reported were gastroenteritis (37 percent), fever (31 percent), cold (17 percent) and influenza (3 percent.

Scientists have uncovered how human immune cells remember previously encountered strains of influenza, a discovery that may pave the way for a single universal flu shot to immunize people for their entire lives.

These findings lead to the potential of moving from vaccines for specific influenza strains towards developing a protection,

we're talking about a history-altering event on the Spanish flu scale. As it turns out,

"Our extraordinary breakthrough could lead to the development of a vaccine component that can protect against all new influenza viruses, with the potential for future development of a one-off universal flu vaccine shot,

The researchers compared the new system to traditional needle delivery by vaccinating two groups of people against three strains of influenza:

A single vaccine that immunizes against all types of influenza may soon be a reality,

after a team of scientists from Australia and China have discovered how the body's immunity cells remember flu viruses. The study published in the journal Nature Communications elaborated that body's CD8 cells can memorize strains of influenza

Researchers said that the breakthrough could lead to the development of a vaccine that can fight all new influenza viruses. Professor Xu,

China, said this study would significantly enlighten T-cell based vaccine development and immune intervention during severe influenza infection in the future.

The second-generation Spectinomycins demonstrated an increased in antibacterial activity against several other commonly caused respiratory infections such as Haemophilus influenza and Moraxella catarrhalis.

linical study and stability assessment of a novel transcutaneous influenza vaccination using a dissolving microneedle patch,

Similar to the approaches used to develop vaccines for polio, influenza, rabies and Hepatitis a, the vaccine is the first based on a genetically modified,

could make flu shot obsolete Influenza is no longer the scourge it once was thanks to modern medicine,

Influenza mutates rapidly, which means a new vaccine formulation is needed every year. An international team of researchers has identified a new antibody that might give us the edge in this yearly arms race.

So why is influenza such a tricky virus to vaccinate against? The virus has a jumble of proteins on its surface called hemagglutinin

The pattern of these proteins is different in every strain of influenza, which allows it to evade your immune system

A vaccine provides a template of antigens to train the immune response to recognize the new strains of influenza each year.

This antibody was isolated from the blood of patients infected with the pandemic H1n1 influenza virus in 2009.

The authors of the study (linical study and stability assessment of a novel transcutaneous influenza vaccination using a dissolving microneedle patch,

The researchers compared the new system to traditional needle delivery by vaccinating two groups of people against three strains of influenza:

Market Drivers An important driver of the cell culture market is the production of seasonal influenza vaccines,

Seasonal influenza vaccines have traditionally been produced using egg-based technology. However, this labor-intensive approach to vaccine development is currently being replaced by cell-culture systems.

Prefluce, the first cell culture-based vaccine, received European approval in March 2011 and was available for the 2011012 influenza season in the 13 participating European union countries.

which is the first U s.-licensed (trivalent inactivated) influenza vaccine manufactured using cell culture technology.

Influenza A can cause the most severe symptoms and can infect several different species, meaning that the virus can umpfrom animals like pigs or birds to humans.

This work suggests that future flu vaccines could include this new kind of antibody that would be able to fight the most powerful types of influenza viruses

namely the production of more potent antibodies against the flu virus. Every year in the United states, influenza is implicated in the deaths of thousands of people, mostly 65 and older,

The result of the higher affinity was broad protection against H1 subtype influenza viruses. The researchers then used this knowledge to improve the vaccine itself.

and mortality caused by seasonal influenza virus infections, "Wang says.""We are now looking into applying this strategy toward improving existing vaccines;

as well as respiratory tract infections, including pneumonia and influenza. Publishing the results in Science Translational Medicine, the team observed no serious side effects.

#New approach may lead to inhalable vaccines for influenza pneumonia The work led by Cathy Fromen

and influenza where raising resistant cells or strains in the lab is more difficult to do than with bacteria the researchers say.

But what we found was that in most cases including the reaction to a standard influenza vaccine

Davis and his associates also observed considerable environmental influence over the quantities of antibodies produced in members of twin pairs who had been vaccinated for influenza in a separate Stanford investigation directed by study co-author Cornelia Dekker MD professor of pediatric infectious disease

The researchers compared the new system to traditional needle delivery by vaccinating two groups of people against three strains of influenza:

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