#Flexible sensors turn skin into a touch-sensitive interaction space for mobile devices (w/video) If a mobile phone rings during a meeting,
They have developed flexible silicone rubber stickers with pressure-sensitive sensors that fit snugly to the skin.
Because of the flexible material used, the sensors can be manufactured in a variety of shapes, sizes and personalized designs.
They have developed flexible silicone rubber stickers with pressure-sensitive sensors that fit snugly to the skin.
Because of the flexible material used, the sensors can be manufactured in a variety of shapes, sizes and personalized designs.
Hall 9). Someone wearing a smartwatch can look at a calendar or receive e-mails without having to reach further than their wrist.
and electrically conducting sensors that can be worn on the skin. The stickers can act as an input space that receives
The silicone used to fabricate the sensor patches makes them flexible and stretchable. his makes them easier to use in an everyday environment.
Users can therefore decide where they want to position the sensor patch and how long they want to wear it.
Currently the sensor stickers are connected via cable to a computer system. According to Steimle, inbuilt microchips may in future allow the skin-worn sensor patches to communicate wirelessly with other mobile devices.
The publication about Skinwon the est Paper Awardat the SIGCHI conference, which ranks among the most important conferences within the research area of human computer interaction.
Key to this technology is the memristor (a combination of emoryand esistor, an electronic component whose resistance changes depending on the direction of the flow of the electrical charge.
Unlike conventional transistors, which rely on the drift and diffusion of electrons and their holes through semiconducting material,
the resulting device would have to be loaded enormous with multitudes of transistors that would require far more energy. lassical computers will always find an ineluctable limit to efficient brain-like computation in their very architecture,
and memory storage devices users will continue to seek long after the proliferation of digital transistors predicted by Moore Law becomes too unwieldy for conventional electronics. he exciting thing is that,
The very next step would be to integrate a memristor neural network with conventional semiconductor technology,
When moving electrons encounter a potential barrier in conventional semiconductors it takes an increase in energy for the electron to continue flowing.
Xiao-Min Lin et al, taken using a scanning electron microscope at the University of Chicago) The findings open the way for scientists to design membranes with tunable electrical,
magnetic and mechanical properties that could be used in electronics and may even have implications for understanding biological systems.
when the scientists put the membrane into the beam of a scanning electron microscope, it folded.
However, on their own, these materials are terrible for use in the electronics world. As a conductor, graphene lets electrons zip too fasthere no controlling
which is the basis for controlling electrons in computers, phones, medical equipment and other electronics. Yoke Khin Yap, a professor of physics at Michigan Technological University, has worked with a research team that created these digital switches by combining graphene and boron nitride nanotubes.
explaining that it important that the materials have lopsided band gaps, or differences in how much energy it takes to excite an electron in the material. hen we put them together,
you form a band gap mismatchhat creates a so-called otential barrierthat stops electrons. The band gap mismatch results from the materialsstructure:
graphene flat sheet conducts electricity quickly, and the atomic structure in the nanotubes halts electric currents.
In turn, this speed could eventually quicken the pace of electronics and computing. Solving the Semiconductor Dilemma To get to faster and smaller computers one day,
Yap says this study is a continuation of past research into making transistors without semiconductors.
The problem with semiconductors like silicon is that they can only get so small, and they give off a lot of heat;
the use of graphene and nanotubes bypasses those problems. In addition, the graphene and boron nitride nanotubes have the same atomic arrangement pattern,
#Compact optical data transmission Compact optical transmission possibilities are of great interest in faster and more energy-efficient data exchange between electronic chips.
Optical technologies offer an enormous potential especially in transmitting data between computer chips, explains Manfred Kohl of the KIT.
Nano Scale Disruptive Silicon-Plasmonic Platform for Chip-to-Chip Interconnection, developed the plasmonic modulator (an electric-to-optical converter)
Compact optical transmitter and receiver units could exceed the speed limits of present-day electronic systems and help get rid of the bottlenecks in data centers.
Each modulator is made up of a metal-insulator-metal waveguide with a gap approximately 80 nanometers wide
at the same time, act as electrodes. The electrodes carry a voltage which is modulated in line with the digital data. The electro-optical polymer changes its index of refraction as a function of the voltage.
The waveguide and the coupler made of silicon route the two parts of a split light beam to the gaps or from the gaps.
In the respective gap the light beams of the waveguides initiate electromagnetic surface waves, the so-called surface plasmons.
The voltage applied to the polymer modulates the surface waves. Modulation is different in both gaps but coherent,
the surface waves initially enter the output optical waveguides as modulated light beams and are superimposed then.
In the experiment, the MZM works reliably over the entire spectral range of the broadband optical fiber networks of 1500 1600 nanometers at an electric bandwidth of 70 gigahertz with data flows of up to 108 gigabit per second.
The MZM can also be made by means of the widespread CMOS-processes in microelectronics, and thus can easily be integrated into current chip architectures.
At the present time, some 10 percent of the electricity in Germany is consumed by information and communication technologies, such as computers and smart phones of users,
and electrons in metal surfaces to develop novel components for optical data transmission between chips. The project is funded under the 7th Research Framework Programme of the European union
#New 2d transistor material made using precision lasers Molybdenum ditelluride (Mote2) is a crystalline compound that
if pure enough can be used as a transistor. Its molecular structure is an atomic sandwich made up of one molybdenum atom for every two tellurium atoms HY1.
but until last year it had never been made in a pure enough form to be suitable for electronics.
and have an electrical property called a band gap, which makes them ideal for making electrical components,
especially transistors. A TMD crystal follows an MX2 format: there is one transition metal, represented by M m can be Tungsten, Molybdenum, etc.)
The overwhelming majority of microchips that exist in electronics now are made from silicon, and they work extremely well.
However, as devices get smaller there is an increasing demand to shrink the size of the logic chips that make those devices work.
As the chips approach single or several atom thickness, (commonly referred to as 2-dimensional),
As the scale approaches 2 dimensions (2d), the band gap of silicon changes (higher band gap than that of its 3d form)
This configuration is superior to using silicon as well as other 2d semiconductor because the boundary where the semiconducting (2h) and metallic (1t')Mote2 meet to have called
Despite one Mote2 state being a semiconductor and one being metallic, the team was able to create an ohmic homojunction between them,
With this method, the team was able to create a 2d transistor that utilized an amalgamation of both the semiconducting properties of the 2h-Mote2 material as well as the high conductivity of the 1t'-Mote2("Phase patterning for ohmic homojunction contact
By using only one material in the device channel and the metal-semiconductor junction, it is more energy efficient
metal electrodes can be applied to it directly, saving any additional work of finding a way to attach metal leads.
here are many candidates for 2d semiconductors, but Mote2 has a band gap of around 1 ev
which is similar to silicon band gap and it allows an ohmic homojunction at the semiconductor-metal junctions.
This means that Mote2 can replace silicon without much change in the current voltage configurations used with today silicon technologies.
The dual-phase Mote2 transistor looks promising for use in new electronic devices as demand for components increases for materials that are small, light and extremely energy efficient n
#Using lasers to tailor the properties of graphene Carbon nanomaterials display extraordinary physical properties, outstanding among any other substance available,
and Graphene has grown as the most promising material for brand-new electronic circuitry, sensors and optical communications devices.
But two problems hinder graphene's uptake in real world electronics. There is no large-scale technology to control the properties,
as well as tests in real device application for future electronics. About AIMEN Located in Northwestern Spain
#Integration of quantum dots and photonic crystals produce brighter, more efficient light Recently, quantum dots (QDS) ano-sized semiconductor particles that produce bright, sharp,
color lightave moved from the research lab into commercial products like high-end TVS, e readers, laptops,
#Super-small needle technology for the brain Microscale needle-electrode array technology has enhanced brain science and engineering applications, such as electrophysiological studies, drug and chemical delivery systems, and optogenetics.
and the Electronics-Inspired Interdisciplinary Research Institute (EIIRIS) at Toyohashi University of Technology has developed a methodology to temporarily enhance the stiffness of a long, high-aspect-ratio flexible microneedle (e g.,<
including recording/stimulation electrodes, glass pipettes, and optogenetic fibers.""He added:""This has the potential to reduce invasiveness drastically
or the development of silicon computing chips that process data communicated by photons of light instead of electricity.
The scientists experimented with silicon structures used in computer chips that power computers, tablets and mobile phones,
The memories are based on tantalum oxide, a common insulator in electronics. Applying voltage to a 250-nanometer-thick sandwich of graphene, tantalum,
"Like the Tour lab's previous discovery of silicon oxide memories, the new devices require only two electrodes per circuit,
"And it doesn't even need diodes or selectors, making it one of the easiest ultradense memories to construct.
"The layered structure consists of tantalum, nanoporous tantalum oxide and multilayer graphene between two platinum electrodes.
the researchers found the tantalum oxide gradually loses oxygen ions, changing from an oxygen-rich, nanoporous semiconductor at the top to oxygen-poor at the bottom.
These negatively charged ions produce an electric field that effectively serves as a diode to hinder error-causing crosstalk.
They outfitted the robots feet with load sensors that measure the force exerted by each foot on the ground.
who led the WISE study and whose previous work identifying recycled planetary dust, known as debris disks, around close to a hundred other star systems, puts the discovery of the exoplanet in context.
#Black phosphorus surges ahead of graphene A Korean team of scientists tune BP's band gap to form a superior conductor,
and optoelectronics devices("Observation of tunable bandgap and anisotropic Dirac semimetal state in black phosphorus").The research team operating out of Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH),
affiliated with the Institute for Basic Science's (IBS) Center for Artificial Low Dimensional Electronic systems (CALDES), reported a tunable band gap in BP,
and optimization of electronic and optoelectronic devices like solar panels and telecommunication lasers. black phosphorus To truly understand the significance of the team's findings,
This amalgamation makes it a terrifically attractive material to apply to scientific developments in a wide variety of fields, such as electronics, aerospace and sports.
graphene has no band gap. Stepping stones to a Unique State A material's band gap is fundamental to determining its electrical conductivity.
Imagine two river crossings, one with tightly-packed stepping-stones, and the other with large gaps between stones.
A band gap is much the same; the smaller the gap the more efficiently the current can move across the material and the stronger the current.
Graphene has a band gap of zero in its natural state, however, and so acts like a conductor;
the semiconductor potential can't be realized because the conductivity can't be shut off, even at low temperatures.
This obviously dilutes its appeal as a semiconductor, as shutting off conductivity is a vital part of a semiconductor's function.
Birth of a Revolution Phosphorus is the fifteenth element in the periodic table and lends its name to an entire class of compounds.
Like graphene, BP is a semiconductor and also cheap to mass produce. The one big difference between the two is BP's natural band gap
allowing the material to switch its electrical current on and off. The research team tested on few layers of BP called phosphorene
which is required what we to tune the size of the band gap.""This process of transferring electrons is known as doping
which tuned the band gap allowing the valence and conductive bands to move closer together, effectively lowering the band gap
and drastically altering it to a value between 0. 0 0. 6 Electron volt (ev) from its original intrinsic value of 0. 35 ev.
but it's difficult to open its band gap; therefore we tuned BP's band gap to resemble the natural state of graphene, a unique state of matter that is different from conventional semiconductors."
"The potential for this new improved form of black phosphorus is beyond anything the Korean team hoped for,
and very soon it could potentially be applied to several sectors including engineering where electrical engineers can adjust the band gap
#New optical chip lights up the race for quantum computer The microprocessor inside a computer is a single multipurpose chip that has revolutionised people's life,
Now, researchers from the University of Bristol in the UK and Nippon Telegraph and Telephone (NTT) in Japan, have pulled off the same feat for light in the quantum world by developing an optical chip that can process photons in an infinite number
The fully reprogrammable chip brings together a multitude of existing quantum experiments and can realise a plethora of future protocols that have not even been conceived yet, marking a new era of research for quantum scientists and engineers at the cutting edge of quantum technologies.
"A whole field of research has essentially been put onto a single optical chip that is easily controlled.
"The team demonstrated the chip's unique capabilities by reprogramming it to rapidly perform a number of different experiments, each
it took seconds to re-programme the chip, and milliseconds for the chip to switch to the new experiment.
We carried out a year's worth of experiments in a matter of hours. What we're really excited about is using these chips to discover new science that we haven't even thought of yet."
"The device was made possible because the world's leading quantum photonics group teamed up with Nippon Telegraph and Telephone (NTT), the world's leading telecommunications company.
and plans to add more chips like this one to the service so others can discover the quantum world for themselves s
T Venky Venkatesan led to the discovery of this new magnetic phenomenon by growing perfectly-crystalline atomic layers of a manganite, an oxide of lanthanum and manganese {Lamno3},
This shift of electric charge occurs as the manganese atomic layers form atomically charged capacitors leading to the build up of an electric field, known as polar catastrophe
Drexel University researchers are testing an array of new combinations that may vastly expand the options available to create faster, smaller, more efficient energy storage, advanced electronics and wear-resistant materials.
because it represents a new way of combining elemental materials to form the building blocks of energy storage technology--such as batteries, capacitors and supercapacitors,
"We see possible applications in thermoelectrics, batteries, catalysis, solar cells, electronic devices, structural composites and many other fields, enabling a new level of engineering on the atomic scale
#A new material for transparent electronics he performance of solar cells, flat panel displays, and other electronics are limited by today's materials.
A new material, created by modifying a transparent insulating oxide, replacing up to 25 percent of the lanthanum ions in the host material with strontium ions, offers considerable promise.
light detectors, and several kinds of electronic devices that are by nature transparent to visible light. Of particular importance are new materials that conduct electricity by using missing electrons, otherwise known as"holes."
and yet are more stable and structurally compatible with the workhorse materials of oxide electronics,
Being structurally and chemically compatible with other perovskite oxides, perovksite LSCO offers considerable promise in the design of all-perovskite oxide electronics s
This roximity magnetismeffect could create an energy gap, a necessary feature for transistors, in a topological insulator, making it possible to turn a device off and on as a potential building block for spintronics,
says Mingda Li, the lead author of the paper. owever, the proximity effect is usually weak,
Possible applications of the new findings include the creation of spintronics, transistors based on the spin of particles rather than their charge.
So having this precise control of the magnetic structure could lead to novel quantum spintronics.
"A potential application of this finding could be to create logic gates for DNA based computing.
Logic gates are an elementary building block of digital circuits-used in computers and other electronic equipment. They are made traditionally using diodes or transistors
which act as electronic switches.""This research expands how DNA could be used as a switching mechanism for a logic gate in DNA-based computing or in nano-technology
#Electrons that stick together, superconduct together The discovery of a surprising feature of superconductivity in an unconventional superconductor by a RIKEN-led research team provides clues about the superconducting mechanism in this material
low-power embedded systems-the computing devices found in everything from thermostats to automobiles.""Using our techniques,
"Because the embedded system software and power converter software are using a shared processor on a single chip,
By combining imec patented stretch technology with our expertise in active-matrix backplanes and integrating electronics into fabrics
and Holst Centre to link standard (rigid) LEDS into a flexible and stretchable display. The LED displays are fabricated on a polyimide substrate
Smaller LEDS are mounted now on an amorphous indium-gallium-zinc oxide (a-IGZO) TFT backplane that employs a two-transistor
and one capacitor (2t-1c) pixel engine to drive the LEDS. These second-generation displays offer higher pitch and increased, average brightness.
"could lead to ultracompact optical systems such as advanced microscopes, displays, sensors, and cameras that can be mass-produced using the same photolithography techniques used to manufacture computer microchips."
"Currently, optical systems are made one component at a time, and the components are assembled often manually, "says Andrei Faraon (BS'04), an assistant professor of applied physics and materials science,
"But this new technology is very similar to the one used to print semiconductor chips onto silicon wafers,
"Seen under a scanning electron microscope, the new metasurfaces that the team created resemble a cut forest where only the stumps remain.
"Scanning electron microscope of a metasurface showing silicon nanopillars on a glass substrate. Tilted view is shown on the right and top view on the left.
who is also the Samsung Distinguished Professor of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology at the University of California Berkeley,
With a sufficient concentration factor, only small amounts of expensive III-V photovoltaic materials are needed to collect light from an inexpensive luminescent waveguide.
imperfect light trapping within the waveguide, and reabsorption and scattering of propagating photons. We replaced the molecular dyes in previous LSC systems with core/shell nanoparticles composed of cadmium selenide (Cdse) cores
and cadmium sulfide (Cds) shells that increase the Stokes shift while reducing photon re-absorption, says Bronstein.
Our use of photonic mirrors that are matched carefully to the narrow bandwidth of our quantum dot lumophores allowed us to achieve waveguide efficiency exceeding the limit imposed by total internal reflection.
In their ACS Photonics paper, the collaborators express confidence that future LSC devices will achieve even higher concentration ratios through improvements to the luminescence quantum yield, waveguide geometry,
The success of this Cdse/Cds nanoparticle-based LSC system led to a partnership between Berkeley Lab, the University of Illinois, Caltech and the National Renewable energy Lab (NREL) on a new solar
They specifically concentrated on the electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide on metal electrodes ecause of the current interest in this process for sustainable production of fuels and value added chemicals,
and theye being eyed for use as building blocks in hybrid structures with unique properties for electronics,
they could be used widely in many applications including as exceptionally strong components in personal electronic devices, in space exploration vehicles,
which is he universal electrode materialin batteries and fuel cells, Surendranath says. By finding a way to make this material tunable in the same ways as molecular catalysts
#Darwin on a chip Researchers of the MESA+Institute for Nanotechnology and the CTIT Institute for ICT Research at the University of Twente in The netherlands have demonstrated working electronic circuits that have been produced in a radically new way,
The findings promise a new generation of powerful, energy-efficient electronics, and have been published in the leading British journal Nature Nanotechnology("Evolution of a Designless Nanoparticle Network into Reconfigurable Boolean logic").
Current transistors consist of only a handful of atoms. It is a major challenge to produce chips in
which the millions of transistors have the same characteristics, and thus to make the chips operate properly.
Another drawback is that their energy consumption is reaching unacceptable levels. It is obvious that one has to look for alternative directions
and it is interesting to see what we can learn from nature. Natural evolution has led to powerful omputerslike the human brain,
Contrary to conventional electronics, they have moved away from designed circuits. By using'designless'systems costly design mistakes are avoided.
The evolutionary approach works around-or can even take advantage of-possible material defects that can be fatal in conventional electronics.
Powerful and energy-efficient It is the first time that scientists have succeeded in this way in realizing robust electronics with dimensions that can compete with commercial technology.
The researchers anticipate a wide range of applications, for example in portable electronics and in the medical world l
and heat flow in electronic and semiconductor systems. It has application in devices with high requirements for efficient dissipation and homogenous thermal expansion
such as high-power engines, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) instruments, and thermal sensors.""Because of its shape flexibility, the active thermal cloak might also be applied in human garments for effective cooling and warming,
which are controlled semiconductor heat pumps by an external input voltage, around a 62-millimeter diameter air hole in a carbon steel plate just 5 mm thick.
that can be used to shield sensitive electronic components from heat dissipation. Additionally, the researchers found that their active thermal cloaking was limited not by the shape of the object being hidden.
Looking ahead, Zhang and his colleagues plan to apply the thermal cloaks in electronic systems, improving the efficiency of heat transfer,
#Protein-based sensor could detect viral infection or kill cancer cells MIT biological engineers have developed a modular system of proteins that can detect a particular DNA sequence in a cell
flexible electronics and engineered tissue replacements, but advances have been challenged by the inherent complexity of integrating multiple materials.
For example, to print a functional"wearable device including its electronic components, a 3d printer would need to seamlessly transition from the flexible material that moves with the wearer joints to the rigid material that holds the electronic components.
It would also need to embed electrical circuitry with multiple inks of varying conductivity and resistivity,
These structures may find potential application in flexible electronics, wearable devices, and soft robotics. They also printed reactive materials,
This is a crucial step in creating a new generation of foldable electronics-think a flat-screen television that can be rolled up for easy portability-and implantable medical devices.
and biocompatible metal electrodes"),pairs gold nanomesh with a stretchable substrate made with polydimethylsiloxane, or PDMS.
flexibility and transparency-all three are needed for foldable electronics-wear out too quickly to be practical,
That means the materials aren't durable enough for consumer electronics or biomedical devices.""Metallic materials often exhibit high cycle fatigue,
or organ surfaces, suggest the nanomesh"might be implanted in the body as a pacemaker electrode,
scanning transmission electron microscopes only produce two-dimensional images. So creating a 3-D picture requires scientists to scan the sample once,
Using a scanning transmission electron microscope at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Molecular Foundry, Miao and his colleagues analyzed a small piece of tungsten,
#Permanent data storage with light The first all-optical permanent on-chip memory has been developed by scientists of Karlsruhe Institute of technology (KIT) and the universities of Münster, Oxford, and Exeter.
nonvolatile on-chip memory. ptical bits can be written at frequencies of up to a gigahertz. This allows for extremely quick data storage by our all-photonic memory,
Permanent all-optical on-chip memories might considerably increase future performance of computers and reduce their energy consumption.
Their new approach could be used to study everything from semiconductor chips to cancer cells. The team will present their work at the Frontiers in Optics, The Optical Society's annual meeting and conference in San jose
and find their way onto a detector, creating a diffraction pattern. By analyzing that pattern,
the detector must be placed close to the target material--similar to placing a specimen close to a microscope to boost the magnification.
hardly any photons will bounce off the target at large enough angles to reach the detector.
Engineers can use this to hunt for tiny defects in semiconductor chips. Biologists can zoom in on the organelles that make up a cell.
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