& Interfaces("Highly sensitive and Selective Sensor Chips with Graphene oxide Linking Layer")."Valentyn Volkov is the co-lead author, a visiting professor from the University of Southern Denmark.
New GO based biosensor chips exploit the phenomenon of surface plasmon resonance (SPR. This is a photo of the state-of-art biosensor.
These sensors can detect biomolecule adsorption even at a few trillionth of a gram per millimeter square.
Nevertheless, the most distinctive feature of such sensors is an ability to"visualize"molecular interactions in real time."
With SPR sensors we just need to estimate the interaction between the drug and targets on the sensing surface,
Most commercial SPR sensor chips comprise a thin glass plate covered by gold layer with thiol
The biosensing sensitivity depends on the properties of chip surface. Higher binding capacity for biomolecules increases the signal levels and accuracy of analysis. The last several years
and patented a novel type of SPR sensor chips with the linking layer, made of GO, a material with more attractive optical and chemical properties than pristine graphene.
Scientists conducted a series of experiments with the GO chip the commercially available chip with carboxymethylated dextran (CMD) layer and the chip covered by monolayer graphene.
Experiments showed that the proposed GO chip has three times higher sensitivity than the CMD chip and 3. 7 times than the chip with pristine graphene.
These results mean, that the new chip needs much less molecules for detecting a compound
and can be used for analysis of chemical reactions with small drug molecules. An important advantage of the new GO based sensor chips is their simplicity
and low-cost fabrication compared to sensor chips that are already commercially available.""Our invention will help in drug development against viral and cancer diseases.
We are expecting that pharmaceutical industry will express a strong demand for our technology, "Stebunov said."
"The sensor can also find applications in food quality control, toxin screening, the sensor can significantly shorten a time for a clinical diagnostic,"researcher added.
However, the developed chip should go through a clinical trial for medical applications s
#Pioneering research develops new way to capture light-for the computers of tomorrow The key breakthrough will allow large quantities of data to be stored directly on an integrated optical chip,
rather than being processed and stored electronically, as happens today. Light is suited ideally to ultra-fast high-bandwidth data transfer,
and optical communications form an indispensable part of the IT world of today and tomorrow. However, a stumbling block so far has been the storage of large quantities of data directly on integrated chips in the optical domain.
While optical fibre cables and with them data transfer by means of light have long since become part of our everyday life,
data on a computer are processed still and stored electronically. The team of scientists from Germany and England have made a key breakthrough by capturing light on an integrated chip,
so developing the first permanent, all-optical on-chip memory. The research is published in leading scientific journal, Nature Photonics("On-chip integratable all-photonic nonvolatile multilevel memory".
"Professor David Wright, from the University of Exeters Engineering department said: With our prototype we have, for the first time,
a nanoscale integrated optical memory that could open up the route towards ultra-fast data processing and storage.
by delivering extremely fast on-chip optical data storage In addition, he says, the written state is preserved
when the power is removed, unlike most current on-chip memories. The scientists from Oxford Exeter, Karlsruhe and Mnster used so-called phase change materials at heart of their all-optical memory.
The rapid development in nano-optics and on-chip photonic systems has increased the demand for ultrathin flat lenses with three-dimensional subwavelength focusing capability the ability to see details of an object smaller than 200 nanometres.
narrow operational bandwidth and time consuming manufacturing processes. ur lens concept has a 3d subwavelength capability that is 30 times more efficient, able to tightly focus broadband light
which will officially be published tomorrow in the Journal of the American Chemical Society("A highly selective electrochemical DNA-based sensor that employs steric hindrance effects to detect proteins directly in whole blood),
(or traffic) at the surface of a sensor, which drastically reduced the signal of our tests,
and limits the ability of this DNA to hybridize to its complementary strand located on the surface of a gold electrode.
explains that this novel signaling mechanism produces sufficient change in current to be measured using inexpensive electronics similar to those in the home glucose test meter used by diabetics to check their blood sugar.
#Quantum dots light up under strain Semiconductor nanocrystals, or quantum dots, are sized tiny, nanometer particles with the ability to absorb light
The new material could also lead to optical sensors that are highly sensitive to the electrical field in the environment on the nanometer scale e
#Flexible microfluidic tactile sensor for robotics, electronics and healthcare applications A team of scientists from the National University of Singapore (NUS) Faculty of engineering has developed a wearable liquid-based microfluidic tactile
sensor that is small, thin, highly flexible and durable. Simple and cost-effective to produce, this novel device is very suitable for applications such as soft robotics, wearable consumer electronics, smart medical prosthetic devices,
as well as real-time healthcare monitoring. Tactile sensors are data acquisition devices that detect and measure a diversity of properties arising from physical interaction
and translate the information acquired to be analysed by an interconnected intelligent system. Conventional tactile sensors that are available today are typically rigid and in solid-state form
restricting various natural body movements when used and may also be subjected to plastic deformation and failure when pressure is exerted,
Addressing the limitations of existing tactile sensors, a team of researchers led by Professor Lim Chwee Teck from NUS Department of Biomedical engineering achieves a significant technological breakthrough by adopting a liquid-based pressure sensing method in the design of such sensors.
The team and their flexible sensor. Novel liquid-based pressure sensing element The newly developed microfluidic tactile sensor is fabricated on a flexible substrate like silicone rubber
and uses non-corrosive, nontoxic 2d nanomaterial suspension in liquid form, such as graphene oxide, as the pressure sensing element to recognise force-induced changes.
The NUS team has put the device through rigorous tests and also subjected it to various strenuous deformations, such as pressing, bending or stretching,
From idea to market The teams invention will further advance the applications of tactile sensors
This liquid-based microfluidic tactile sensor, which is the first of its kind, addresses an existing gap in the market.
the sensor gives a better fit when monitoring natural body movements. Its small size, durability and ease of production further differentiate this novel device from conventional tactile sensors.
With the rapid advancement of healthcare and biomedical technologies as well as consumer electronics we are optimistic about new possibilities to commercialise our invention,
said Prof Lim. The NUS team has filed already a patent for its creation and is also keen to explore licensing partnerships in commercial development.
#Chip-based technology enables reliable direct detection of Ebola virus A team led by researchers at UC Santa cruz has developed chip-based technology for reliable detection of Ebola virus and other viral pathogens.
"said senior author Holger Schmidt, the Kapany Professor of Optoelectronics at UC Santa cruz.""We're detecting the nucleic acids directly,
Adding a"preconcentration"step during sample processing on the microfluidic chip extended the limit of detection well beyond that achieved by other chip-based approaches,
The system combines two small chips, a microfluidic chip for sample preparation and an optofluidic chip for optical detection.
For over a decade, Schmidt and his collaborators have been developing optofluidic chip technology for optical analysis of single molecules as they pass through a tiny fluid-filled channel on the chip.
The microfluidic chip for sample processing can be integrated as a second layer next to or on top of the optofluidic chip.
and transferred to the optofluidic chip for optical detection. Schmidt noted that the team has not yet been able to test the system starting with raw blood samples.
The nanoparticle hydrophilic layer essentially locks in the active ingredient, a hydrophobic chemical called padimate O. Some sunscreen solutions that use larger particles of inorganic compounds, such as titanium dioxide or zinc oxide,
the team's manufacturing method aims to construct disposable tattoo-like health monitoring patches for the mass production of epidermal electronics,
Reliable, ultrathin wearable electronic devices that stick to the skin like a temporary tattoo are a relatively new innovation.
"One of the most attractive aspects of epidermal electronics is their ability to be said disposable,
and portable process for producing these electronics, which, unlike the current method, does not require a clean room, wafers and other expensive resources and equipment.
the electronics are printed onto any polymer adhesives, including temporary tattoo films. The cutter is programmable so the size of the patch and pattern can be customized easily.
"We are trying to add more types of sensors including blood pressure and oxygen saturation monitors to the low-cost patch
which includes a photovoltaic cell using a high-quality semiconductor crystal similar to the ones for lasers
and LEDS operating under the focal point of an optical lens. The solar-to-electricity conversion efficiency of this CPV module is as high as 31%.
These attributes should lead to new LEDS and display devices not only with precisely matched colors--better color accuracy and brightness--but also with improved performance lifetime and improved ease of manufacturing."
Amazon Kindle and a new Samsung TV
#Physicists succeed in direct detection of vacuum fluctuations What are the properties of the vacuum, the absolute nothingness?
are markedly faster than electronic circuits. Unfortunately, they're also bigger. It's difficult to localize visible light below its diffraction limit, about 200-300 nanometers,
and as components in electronic semiconductors have shrunk to the nanometer scale, the photonic circuit size limitation has given electronic circuits a significant advantage,
despite the speed discrepancy. Now researchers at the University of Rochester have demonstrated a key achievement in shrinking photonic devices below the diffraction limit--a necessary step on the road to making photonic circuits competitive with today's technology.
"said Kenneth Goodfellow, a graduate student in the laboratory of the Quantum Optoelectronics and Optical Metrology Group, The Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, New york."
the light corresponded to the band gap of Mos2, rather than solely to the laser's wavelength, demonstrating that the plasmons effectively nudged the electrons in Mos2 into a different energy state."
and performance was limited at shorter wavelengths due to ineffective plasmon propagation and at longer wavelengths due to the band gap of molybdenum disulfide."
Future work for the group includes reducing potential contamination in device assembly by transitioning to a complete dry transfer of wires and Mos2 onto prefabricated electrodes,
About the Presentation The presentation,"Detection of Optical Plasmons Using an Atomically-Thin Semiconductor, "by Kenneth Goodfellow, will take place from 15:30-17:00, Thursday, 22 october 2015,
#A quantum logic gate in silicon built for the for the first time (w/video) The significant advance, by a team at the University of New south wales (UNSW) in Sydney appears today in the international journal Nature("A two-qubit logic gate in silicon"."
"We've demonstrated a two-qubit logic gate-the central building block of a quantum computer-and, significantly, done it in silicon.
Because we use essentially the same device technology as existing computer chips, we believe it will be much easier to manufacture a full-scale processor chip than for any of the leading designs,
which rely on more exotic technologies.""This makes the building of a quantum computer much more feasible,
-and thereby create a logic gate-using silicon. But the UNSW team-working with Professor Kohei M. Itoh of Japan's Keio University-has done just that for the first time.
A key advantage of the UNSW approach is that they have reconfigured the'transistors'that are used to define the bits in existing silicon chips,
"The silicon chip in your smartphone or tablet already has around one billion transistors on it, with each transistor less than 100 billionths of a metre in size,"said Dr Menno Veldhorst,
a UNSW Research Fellow and the lead author of the Nature paper.""We've morphed those silicon transistors into quantum bits by ensuring that each has only one electron associated with it.
We then store the binary code of 0 or 1 on the'spin'of the electron,
"He said that a key next step for the project is to identify the right industry partners to work with to manufacture the full-scale quantum processor chip.
the development of new, lighter and stronger materials spanning consumer electronics to aircraft; and faster information searching through large databases s
Karnik says graphene nanopores could be useful as sensors for instance, detecting ions of mercury, potassium, or fluoride in solution.
and understand the intrinsic spin of electrons to advance nanoscale electronics is hampered by how hard it is to measure tiny, fast magnetic devices.
if perfected, could lead to a novel tabletop magnetic measurement technique and new, nanoscale electronic devices based on electrical spin, rather than charge.
An emerging field called spintronics explores the idea of using electron spin to control and store information using very low power. echnologies like nonvolatile magnetic memory could result with the broad understanding and application of electron spin.
Spintronics, the subject of the 2007 Nobel prize in Physics, is already impacting traditional electronics, which is based on the control of electron charge rather than spin. irect imaging is really hard to do,
Scientists have been unable to directly image magnetic motion in nanoscale spintronic devices without hugely expensive X-ray sources at national facilities.
similar to the ones used in current hard-disk drives and magnetic sensors. However, up to now an additional magnet was necessary for a read-out of skyrmions.
The possibility to use arbitrary metallic electrodes significantly simplifies the fabrication and operation of such novel storage devices
"The Journal of the American Chemical Society published the findings from this discovery("Carbon Electrodes for K-Ion Batteries),
The sensor does need not to be activated chemically and is rapid-acting within five minutes-enabling the targeted antibodies to be detected easily, even in complex clinical samples such as blood serum."
These microscopic widgets could be customized into incredibly sensitive chemical detectors or long-lasting catalysts, to name a few possible applications.
#A stretchable far-field communication antenna far wearable electronics The age of wearable electronics is upon us as witnessed by the fast growing array of smart watches, fitness bands and other advanced,
next-generation health monitoring devices such as electronic stick-on tattoos (see for instance"wearing single-walled carbon nanotube electronics on your skin",a"temporary tattoo to monitor glucose levels"or"graphene nanosensor tattoo
"In order for these wearable sensor devices to become fully integrated into sophisticated monitoring systems, they require wireless interfaces to external communication devices such as smartphones.
like the sensor systems, perform even under extreme deformations and during extended periods of normal daily activities."
"While the transistors used in radio frequency (RF) circuits can be made flexible and stretchable using several techniques already demonstrated, the main component of the communication circuit,
the antenna for far-field communication, is still a challenge,"Muhammad Mustafa Hussain, an Associate professor of Electrical engineering at KAUST, tells Nanowerk.
To complement existing designs for stretchable antenna systems which usually radiate at different resonant frequencies
or the exotic materials used an international team led by Hussain now demonstrates a stretchable and wearable antenna that can provide a single frequency operation
("Metal/Polymer Based Stretchable Antenna for Constant Frequency Far-Field Communication in Wearable Electronics"."The paper will be the front cover article of the print edition.
The team's flexible and stretchable metal thin-film (copper) antenna for far-field communication up to 80 meters
"We fabricated our antenna using a metal/polymer bilayer process the resulting structure combines the conductivity of the metal
"The key reason the antenna needed to be fabricated as a metal/polymer bilayer is that standalone metal thin films are very malleable,
"That means that a metal thin film lateral spring structure cannot be used as a stretchable antenna,
As a result, the key performance parameters of the antenna do not change with bending,
stretching, flexing and twisting hence the antenna can continuously communicate information in the Wifi frequency band
the researchers found that their antenna retains all its essential properties such as gain, radiation pattern, directionality, operation frequency and bandwidth for up to 30%strain and for 2000 stretching cycles.
As a next step, the team will integrate their stretchable antenna into a fully integrated, flexible, stretchable and wearable sensor array for real-time communication of sensor information s
It consists of two metallic electrodes that are separated by a so-called solid ion conductor usually a transition metal oxide.
and reduction processes on the electrodes, as well as ions within the layer between being displaced. The advantage is that cells that are constructed in this way are easy to produce
alerting the wearer by turning on an LED light("Ultrasensitive and Highly Selective Graphene-Based Single Yarn for Use in Wearable Gas Sensor").
"The researchers, from the Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute and Konkuk University in the Republic of korea, coated cotton and polyester yarn with a nanoglue called bovine serum albumin (BSA.
Exposure of these specially-treated fabrics to nitrogen dioxide led to a change in the electrical resistance of the reduced graphene oxide.
The fabrics were three times as sensitive to nitrogen dioxide in air compared to another reduced graphene oxide sensor previously prepared on a flat material.
and filter harmful gas from air. his sensor can bring a significant change to our daily life
unlike the gas sensors invariably developed with the existing solid substrates, says Dr. Hyung-Kun Lee,
By setting up a detector and analyzing the wave interference pattern, scientists can determine information like the distance between atoms.
To ensure that the electron pulse arrives at the sample or detector with the desired properties in spite of inter-electron repulsion
"Germanium is a semiconductor and this method provides a straightforward way to make semiconducting nanoscale circuits from graphene, a form of carbon only one atom thick.
"Some researchers have wanted to make transistors out of carbon nanotubes but the problem is that they grow in all sorts of directions,
This high mobility makes the material an ideal candidate for faster, more energy-efficient electronics. However, the semiconductor industry wants to make circuits start
and stop electrons at will via bandgaps, as they do in computer chips. As a semimetal, graphene naturally has no bandgaps,
making it a challenge for widespread industry adoption. Until now. To confirm these findings, UW researchers went to Argonne staff scientists Brian Kiraly and Nathan Guisinger at the Center for Nanoscale Materials,
a DOE Office of Science User Facility located at Argonne.""We have some very unique capabilities here at the Center for Nanoscale Materials,
"said Guisinger.""Not only are designed our facilities to work with all different sorts of materials from metals to oxides,
"For use in electronic devices, the semiconductor industry is interested primarily in three faces of a germanium crystal.
but rough nanostructured coatings are intrinsically weaker than their bulk analogs. This research shows that careful surface engineering allows the design of a material capable of performing multiple, even conflicting, functions, without performance degradation."
night-vision goggles and smoke detectors to surveillance systems and satellites--that rely on electronic light sensors. Integrated into a digital camera lens, for example, it could reduce bulkiness and boost both the acquisition speed and quality of video or still photos.
The researchers also placed electrodes under the phototransistor's ultrathin silicon nanomembrane layer--and the metal layer and electrodes each act as reflectors
and improve light absorption without the need for an external amplifier.""There's a built-in capability to sense weak light,
and favoured by the trillion-dollar computing and microelectronics industry. Teams led by UNSW researchers have demonstrated already a unique fabrication strategy for realising atomic-scale devices
Future applications of such a DNA walker might include a cancer detector that could roam the human body searching for cancerous cells
The electron microscope images, created by scientists at the U s. Department of energy's Brookhaven National Laboratory with partners from Stony Brook University and Rockefeller University,
using a transmission electron microscope at the National Cancer Institute to show how the fibers change
it transitioned from an indirect band gap material to a direct band gap one. Light with photo energy can penetrate indirect band gap materials much more easily without getting absorbed
and used for other purposes. Silicon, for example, is the most commonly known indirect gap band material.
"This is why the discovery of this direct band gap material is so exciting, "Mendoza-Cortes said."
#Ultrasensitive sensors made from boron-doped graphene Ultrasensitive gas sensors based on the infusion of boron atoms into graphene--a tightly bound matrix of carbon atoms--may soon be possible, according to an international team of researchers
but it is also a highly sensitive gas sensor. With the addition of boron atoms, the boron graphene sensors were able to detect noxious gas molecules at extremely low concentrations, parts per billion in the case of nitrogen oxides and parts per million for ammonia
"will open a path to high-performance sensors that can detect trace amounts of many other molecules."
Once fabricated, the researchers sent boron graphene samples to researchers at the Honda Research Institute USA Inc.,Columbus, Ohio, who tested the samples against their own highly sensitive gas sensors.
UK, studied the transport mechanism of the sensors. Novoselov was the 2010 Nobel laureate in physics.
"This multidisciplinary research paves a new avenue for further exploration of ultrasensitive gas sensors, "said Avetik Harutyunyan,
chief scientist and project leader at Honda Research Institute USA Inc."Our approach combines novel nanomaterials with continuous ultraviolet light radiation in the sensor design that have been developed in our laboratory by lead researcher Dr
which is up to six orders of magnitude better sensitivity than current state-of-the-art sensors.""These sensors can be used for labs and industries that use ammonia, a highly corrosive health hazard,
or to detect nitrogen oxides, a dangerous atmospheric pollutant emitted from automobile tailpipes. In addition to detecting toxic or flammable gases,
and field-effect transistors, the authors report t
#Researchers create transplantation model for 3-D printed constructs Using sugar, silicone and a 3-D printer,
graduate student Jayer Fernandes and recent graduate Aditi Kanhere--are exploring ways to integrate the lenses into existing optical detectors and directly incorporate silicon electronic components into the lenses themselves s
curved arrays of individual lenses allow small-scale sensors to perceive a broader picture. The cylindrical arrangement shown in the schematic allowed researchers to resolve a 170-degree field of view.
graduate student Jayer Fernandes and recent graduate Aditi Kanhere--are exploring ways to integrate the lenses into existing optical detectors and directly incorporate silicon electronic components into the lenses themselves s
opening the door to novel opportunities in electronics and optical sensing applications.""I believe that this work will benefit researchers in the area of surface plasmonics by providing a new strategy/design for enhancing the surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) detection limit,
a graduate student and first author of the study published in Nano Letters("Mechanically Self-Assembled, Three-dimensional Grapheneold Hybrid Nanostructures for Advanced Nanoplasmonic Sensors").
These by design electrodes are shielded by a covering that the brain recognizes as part of its own composition.
an assistant professor of animal and dairy science in the UGA College of Agricultural and Environmental sciences. his is proof of concept that extracellular matrix can be used to ensheathe a functioning electrode without the use of any other foreign
and Mark Allen of the University of Pennsylvania, found that the extracellular matrix derived electrodes adapted to the mechanical properties of brain tissue
as well as Allen, who at the time was director of the Institute for Electronics and Nanotechnology. opefully,
this same methodology could then be applied in getting these extracellular matrix derived electrodes to be the next wave of brain implants,
Toward a microfabricated neural interface based on natural materialsextracellular matrix (ECM)- based implantable neural electrodes (NES) were achieved using a microfabrication strategy on natural-substrate-based organic materials.
who led the current research. hey found the lesions were very persistent in DNA, meaning we don have a repair system to take them out,
scientists must use electron microscopes. However, the tissue must first be fixed to prepare it for this high magnification imaging method.
and range from paper-based tools to expensive, sophisticated electronic devices. Our AAC device uses analogue signals in continuous form,
The clinical work involved the placement of electrode arrays onto the paralyzed volunteer sensory cortexhe brain region responsible for identifying tactile sensations such as pressure.
The APL hand contains sophisticated torque sensors that can detect when pressure is being applied to any of its fingers,
as detectors for the protein fibers implicated in the development of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer.
They are now developing sensors for the amyloid fibrils that may allow experimenters to use droplets of liquid crystals in emulsion rather than the flat surfaces used in the proof-of-concept experiments.
or other body fluid using the new detectors, or for drug researchers to put the amyloid proteins in water,
How Embedded Optical Sensors Could Make Robotic Hands More Dexterous Carnegie mellon creates sensor rich robotic hand and new stretchable sensor.
Optical sensors may be suited uniquely for use in robotic hands, according to Carnegie mellon University researchers who have developed a three-fingered soft robotic hand with multiple embedded fiber optic sensors.
They also have created a new type of stretchable optical sensor. By using fiber optics, the researchers were embed able to 14 strain sensors into each of the fingers in the robotic hand,
giving it the ability to determine where its fingertips are in contact and to detect forces of less than a tenth of a newton.
The new stretchable optical sensing material not incorporated in this version of the hand, potentially could be used in a soft robotic skin to provide even more feedback. f you want robots to work autonomously
you need robotic hands that have more sensors than is said typical today Yong-Lae Park,
but even a state-of-the-art humanoid such as NASA Robonaut has only 42 sensors in its hand and wrist.
or force sensors is problematic because wiring can be complicated, prone to breaking and susceptible to interference from electric motors and other electromagnetic devices.
But a single optical fiber can contain several sensors; all of the sensors in each of the fingers of the CMU hand are connected with four fibers,
although, theoretically, a single fiber could do the job, Park said. And the optical sensors are impervious to electromagnetic interference.
The Carnegie mellon researchers will discuss the robotic hand, developed together with researchers at Intelligent Fiber optic Systems Corp.,with support from NASA, Sept. 29 at the IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems, IROS 2015, in Hamburg, Germany.
A report on the highly stretchable optical sensors will be presented Oct 1 at the same conference. Industrial robots
are capable of extremely precise manipulation with only limited sensors. But as roboticists at CMU and elsewhere work to develop soft robots that can interact routinely and safely with humans,
The skeletal onesare 3-D-printed hard plastic and incorporate eight sensors for detecting force.
The skeletal onesare 3-D-printed hard plastic and incorporate eight sensors for detecting force.
Each of the three sections is covered with a soft silicone rubber skin embedded with a total of six sensors that detect where contact has been made.
and Kevin Low, incorporates commercially available fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors, which detect strain by measuring shifts in the wavelength of light reflected by the optical fiber.
Despite their advantages, conventional optical sensors don stretch much glass fibers stretch hardly at all and even polymer fibers stretch typically only 20-25 percent, Park noted.
Park has developed previously highly stretchable microfluidic soft sensors membranes that measure strain via liquid-conductor-filled channels
working with mechanical engineering students Celeste To from CMU and Tess Lee Hellebrekers from the University of Texas, invented a highly stretchable and flexible optical sensor, using a combination of commercially available silicone rubbers.
These soft waveguides are lined with reflective gold; as the silicone is stretched, cracks develop in the reflective layer,
Park said this type of flexible optical sensor could be incorporated into soft skins. Such a skin would
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