He adds that this can be generated using specific terahertz devices, such as diodes or lasers. However, for spectroscopy applications,
This makes it easier for potentially coupling the terahertz waves to a wave guide on a microchip
The liquid nanolaser in this study is not a laser pointer but a laser device on a chip,
These nanoscale lasers can be mass-produced with emission wavelengths over the entire gain bandwidth of the dye.
His main research interests are power electronics, electric power distribution systems, motor drives and electric power quality.
He is a senior member of the IEEE and member of the Power Electronics and Industry Applications Societies.
By analyzing the spectral signals captured by a special sensor they installed at Harvard Forest in Petersham, Mass."
#Chemists cook up three atom-thick electronic sheets This process of film deposition is common for traditional semiconductors like silicon
or gallium arsenide--the basis of modern electronics--but Cornell scientists are pushing the limits for how thin they can go.
They have demonstrated a way to create a new kind of semiconductor thin film that retains its electrical properties even
This effectively proved that these three-atom-thick semiconducting films can be made into multilevel electronic devices of unsurpassed thinness.
and optoelectronic devices can be derived.""These were only the first two materials, but we want to make a whole palette of materials,
as well as the Samsung Advanced Institute for Technology. Devices were fabricated at the Cornell Nanoscale Science and Technology Facility,
but the survey-grade antennas these systems employ are too large and costly for use in mobile devices.
The breakthrough by Humphreys and his team is a powerful and sensitive software-defined GPS RECEIVER that can extract centimeter accuracies from the inexpensive antennas found in mobile devices--such precise measurements were not previously possible.
The researchers anticipate that their software's ability to leverage low-cost antennas will reduce the overall cost of centimeter accuracy,
Humphreys and his team have spent six years building a specialized receiver, called GRID, to extract so-called carrier phase measurements from low-cost antennas.
GRID currently operates outside the phone, but it will eventually run on the phone's internal processor.
Humphreys and his team are working with Samsung to develop a snap-on accessory that will tell smartphones, tablets and virtual reality headsets their precise position and orientation.
During the experiments, 192 electrodes in each monkey's motor and premotor cortex began measuring brain activity the moment that the targets appeared on screen.
The scientists studied for the first time native defects and dielectric properties of an emerging semiconductor compound called thallium sulfide iodide (Tl6si4.
the researchers demonstrated the material's potential for creating high-performance, low-cost, room-temperature semiconductor radiation detectors. In a paper published this week in the Journal of Applied Physics, from AIP Publishing,
"A detailed understanding of the fundamental charge transport properties of the material is essential for detector developments."
"Native defects, a type of structural flaw in which the regular pattern of atoms is altered naturally during crystal growth, play an important role in charge carrier trapping and recombination in semiconductors.
Du's research established a theoretical foundation for the development of thallium sulfide iodide radiation detectors, opening doors for a new generation of room-temperature semiconductor radiation detectors.
The Limits of Conventional Radiation Detectorssemiconductor radiation detectors are devices that measure ionizing radiation by collecting radiation-generated charge carriers in the semiconductor between electrodes under a bias voltage.
Conventional semiconductor detectors such as germanium and silicon require low temperatures to operate which limits their applications outside of laboratories.
For example, germanium detectors must be cooled to liquid nitrogen temperature (about 77 Kelvin or-196 degrees Celsius) to produce spectroscopic data.
A semiconductor material called cadmium zinc telluride (Cdznte) has been found to be the best candidate to date,
making it difficult and expensive to incorporate in commercial detectors. Researchers are still searching for a material with improved performance
A Promising Candidateaccording to Du, a good semiconductor candidate should be a dense material and contain heavy chemical elements
the material should have a reasonably large band gap (the energy difference between the top of the valence band
and the bottom of the conduction band in semiconductors) and high resistivity to suppress thermally generated charge carriers for precisely detecting radiation-generated carriers.
Moreover, the detector materials need to have excellent carrier transport efficiency to make sure radiation-generated charges effectively diffuse through the crystal
and reach the electrodes. Enter thallium sulfide iodide. Thallium sulfide iodide is an emerging semiconductor compound that has attracted attention in recent years for room-temperature radiation detection,
Du said. Previous experimental studies have shown the material's good carrier transport properties, indicating great potential for future development.
Native defects, the natural structure flaws in a semiconductor, can interact with charge carriers, causing carrier trapping and scattering,
"The defect and dielectric properties, combined with other good properties such as large band gap, high density,
low melting temperature and so on, suggest that thallium sulfide iodide is a good candidate for fabricating new generation room-temperature radiation detectors with improved performance and lower cost than previous detectors,
"says Professor for Biomedical Physics Franz Pfeiffer of the Technical University of Munich in Germany, who led the new study published April 20 in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences."
#Sensor detects spoilage of food VTT has developed a sensor that detects ethanol in the headspace of a food package.
The sensor signal is wirelessly readable, for instance, by a mobile phone. VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd is searching for a partner so as to commercialize the sensor.
The sensor monitors ethanol emitted from the spoilage of foods into the headspace of a package.
Ethanol, in addition to carbon dioxide, was found to be the main volatile spoilage metabolite in fresh-cut fruit.
The information given by the sensor is transmitted from the package to the customer by means of a reader
This ethanol sensor can have potential in other applications, such as in alcometers. The sensor layer is part of a radio-frequency identification (RFID) tag,
and the sensor data can be read wirelessly using an RFID reader in for example, a smartphone.
The sensor transmits information about the freshness of the food in the package to the retailer or customer.
The freshness data can be stored in real time in the cloud, enabling the comparison of food quality with its previous or later condition.
A similar optical readout based on the colour change of the ethanol sensor was developed also for a smartphone.
The sensor and the RFID tag can be manufactured using printing techniques into a label or sticker and be attached easily to a food package.
The price of the sensor will then be low enough for use in food packages.
Using the sensor, it will be possible to control the food quality throughout the distribution chain and to prevent waste caused by spoilage.
The base includes LED LIGHTS, microcontrollers, gears, circuitry and a USB port. Control of the device is automated through an app the researchers developed for this purpose.
"Surgeons often use bone chips or bone powder as a sort of putty during bone reconstruction to help areas of bone re-grow.
The researchers took these bone chips and treated them with a green dye called TAPP (which stands for 5, 10,15, 20-tetrakis-(4-aminophenyl)- porphyrin).
The platform is a disposable flexible polyester chip with implanted electrodes. HIV-1 antibodies are added to whole blood
When added to the flexible chip the aggregates change the electrical conductivity of the chip, which gives a simple electrical readout indicating that the sample contains HIV-1.
In addition to detecting early stage infection, the electrical readout is much simpler and less expensive than current assays.
which enable vision by stimulating surviving cells with an array of electrodes placed on the retina,
which each electrode produces a visible dot in space. Together, that collection of dots is intended to demonstrate what someone with restored vision will see.
paving the way for high-density storage to move from hard disks onto integrated circuits. The advance, to be reported in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,
This opens the door to a memory system that can be packed onto a microprocessor, a major step toward the goal of reducing energy dissipation in modern electronics."
"However, the physics needed to create long-term storage are not compatible with integrated circuits.""Creating and switching polarity in magnets without an external magnetic field has been a key focus in the field of spintronics.
Generating a magnetic field takes power and space, which is why magnets have not yet been integrated onto computer chips.
Instead, there are separate systems for long-term magnetic memory. These include a computer's hard disk drive where data are stored,
or RAM, on the integrated circuits of the central processing unit, or CPU, where calculations and logic operations are performed.
Packing a sufficient number of nanomagnets onto a chip meant aligning them perpendicularly, but that vertical orientation negated the switching effects of tantalum."
For the first time, the researchers were able to show that this mechanical system can be used to coherently manipulate an electron spin embedded in the resonator--without external antennas or complex microelectronic structures.
It is conceivable that this diamond resonator could be applied to sensors--potentially in a highly sensitive way
#'Yolks'and'shells'improve rechargeable batteries One big problem faced by electrodes in rechargeable batteries, as they go through repeated cycles of charging
creating an electrode made of nanoparticles with a solid shell, and a"yolk"inside that can change size again and again without affecting the shell.
which use aluminum as the key material for the lithium-ion battery's negative electrode,
The use of nanoparticles with an aluminum yolk and a titanium dioxide shell has proven to be"the high-rate champion among high-capacity anodes"
As a result, previous attempts to develop an aluminum electrode for lithium-ion batteries had failed.
"Li says,"that separates the aluminum from the liquid electrolyte"between the battery's two electrodes.
but the inside of the electrode remains clean with no buildup of the SEIS, proving the shell fully encloses the aluminum
The result is an electrode that gives more than three times the capacity of graphite (1. 2 Ah/g) at a normal charging rate
The superior performance of the new UED system is due to a very stable"electron gun"originally developed for SLAC's X-ray laser Linac Coherent light Source (LCLS), a DOE Office of Science User Facility.
The scattered waves then combine to form a so-called diffraction pattern picked up by a detector.
"LCLS expertise in electron gun technology and ultrafast laser systems gives our system the performance and stability needed to study much faster processes."
"For instance, the researchers studied a single atomic layer of a material that is interesting for future electronic devices."
The scientists'ultimate goal is to turn UED into an ultrafast electron microscope--an instrument that would show details too small to be seen with an optical microscope.
Existing electron microscopes can already capture events in 10 billionths of a second, but with SLAC's instrument, the researchers hope to push the speed limit to processes that are 1, 000 times faster."
#New 2d transistor material made using precision lasers Last year a multi-discipline research team led by South korea's Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics
and have an electrical property called a band gap, which makes them ideal for making electrical components, especially transistors.
A TMD crystal follows an MX2 format: there is one transition metal, represented by M m can be Tungsten, Molybdenum, etc.)
The overwhelming majority of microchips that exist in electronics now are made from silicon, and they work extremely well.
However, as devices get smaller there is an increasing demand to shrink the size of the logic chips that make those devices work.
As the chips approach single or several atom thickness, (commonly referred to as 2-dimensional),
As the scale approaches 2 dimensions (2d), the band gap of silicon changes (higher band gap than that of its 3d form)
This configuration is superior to using silicon as well as other 2d semiconductor because the boundary where the semiconducting (2h) and metallic (1t')Mote2 meet to have
Despite one Mote2 state being a semiconductor and one being metallic, the team was able to create an ohmic homojunction between them,
the team was able to create a 2d transistor that utilized an amalgamation of both the semiconducting properties of the 2h-Mote2 material as well as the high conductivity of the 1t'-Mote2.
By using only one material in the device channel and the metal-semiconductor junction, it is more energy efficient
metal electrodes can be applied to it directly, saving any additional work of finding a way to attach metal leads.
"There are many candidates for 2d semiconductors, but Mote2 has a band gap of around 1 ev
which is similar to silicon's band gap and it allows an ohmic homojunction at the semiconductor-metal junctions."
"This means that Mote2 can replace silicon without much change in the current voltage configurations used with today's silicon technologies.
The dual-phase Mote2 transistor looks promising for use in new electronic devices as demand for components increases for materials that are small, light and extremely energy efficient e
#New research may enhance display, LED lighting technology Recently, quantum dots (QDS)--nano-sized semiconductor particles that produce bright, sharp,
color light--have moved from the research lab into commercial products like high-end TVS, e readers, laptops,
and even some LED lighting. However, QDS are expensive to make so there's a push to improve their performance and efficiency,
and the Electronics-Inspired Interdisciplinary Research Institute (EIIRIS) at Toyohashi University of Technology has developed a methodology to temporarily enhance the stiffness of a long,
including recording/stimulation electrodes, glass pipettes, and optogenetic fibers.""He added:""This has the potential to reduce invasiveness drastically
such as Microsoft's Kinect controller for video games, have become widely used 3-D sensors. Now, a new imaging technology invented by Carnegie mellon University and the University of Toronto addresses a major shortcoming of these cameras:
This is all done by the sensor.""One prototype based on this model synchronizes a laser projector with a common rolling-shutter camera-the type of camera used in most smartphones
noting that a robot's sensors expend a relatively large amount of energy because they are always on."
"Think about the thermostat in your house that controls temperature. If you want to make your house hotter,
"Our device works by loading a few microliters of a patient's urine sample into a tiny chip,
Quantum logic gates are the basic building blocks of a quantum computer, but constructing enough of them to perform a useful computation is difficult.
This means that two quantum logic gates A and B can be applied in both orders at the same time.
which the two quantum logic gates were applied to single photons in both orders. The results of their experiment confirm that it is impossible to determine which gate acted first
be it a grating, resonator or waveguide, which will enable control of the photons that the quantum dot generates.
"In their setup, instead of xenon-powered flash the team used two LEDS. One LED activates the quantum dots
when it flashes (you could say this LED gives the quantum dots red eye). At the same time, a second, different color LED flash illuminates metallic orientation marks placed on the surface of the semiconductor wafer the dots are embedded in.
Then a sensitive camera snaps a 100-micrometer by 100-micrometer picture. By cross-referencing the glowing dots with the orientation marks,
the researchers can determine the dots'locations with an uncertainty of less than 30 nanometers. Their coordinates in hand, scientists can then tell the computer-controlled electron beam lithography tool to place any structure the application calls for in its proper relation to the quantum dots,
#Fiber-like light emitting diodes for wearable displays A research team at Korea Advanced Institute of Science
and Technology (KAIST) has developed fiber-like light emitting diodes, applicable to wearable displays. Professor Kyung-Cheol Choi and his research team from the School of Electrical engineering at KAIST have developed fiber-like light emitting diodes,
which can be applied in wearable displays. The research findings were published online in the July 14th issue of Advanced Electronic Materials.
and developed a fiber-like light emitting diode that has the characteristics of both fabrics and displays.
a technology applied to create electronic devices on a roll of flexible plastics or metal foils.
"Our research will become a core technology in developing light emitting diodes on fibers, which are fundamental elements of fabrics.
which are detected via sensors in their antennae. Now researchers reporting August 13 in Cell Reports have discovered that
not only sensitively by specialized antennal sensors, but almost all of the hydrocarbon components are detected, "said Anandasankar Ray of the University of California, Riverside."
#New optical chip lights up the race for quantum computer The microprocessor inside a computer is a single multipurpose chip that has revolutionized people's life,
Now, researchers from the University of Bristol in the UK and Nippon Telegraph and Telephone (NTT) in Japan, have pulled off the same feat for light in the quantum world by developing an optical chip that can process photons in an infinite number
"A whole field of research has essentially been put onto a single optical chip that is easily controlled.
"The team demonstrated the chip's unique capabilities by reprogramming it to rapidly perform a number of different experiments, each
it took seconds to re-programme the chip, and milliseconds for the chip to switch to the new experiment.
We carried out a year's worth of experiments in a matter of hours. What we're really excited about is using these chips to discover new science that we haven't even thought of yet."
"The device was made possible because the world's leading quantum photonics group teamed up with Nippon Telegraph and Telephone (NTT), the world's leading telecommunications company.
Drexel University researchers are testing an array of new combinations that may vastly expand the options available to create faster, smaller, more efficient energy storage, advanced electronics and wear-resistant materials.
is significant because it represents a new way of combining elemental materials to form the building blocks of energy storage technology--such as batteries, capacitors and supercapacitors,
"We see possible applications in thermoelectrics, batteries, catalysis, solar cells, electronic devices, structural composites and many other fields, enabling a new level of engineering on the atomic scale
#Sensor mimics bats to detect dangerous structural cracks An ultrasound sensor for detecting dangerous cracks in structures such as aircraft engines,
they act as an amplifier for a slight increase in calcium concentration, triggering a gunshot-like release of neurotransmitters from one neuron to another.
discovered synaptotagmin-1 and showed that it plays an important role as a calcium sensor and calcium-dependent trigger for neurotransmitter release."
and range from paper-based tools to expensive, sophisticated electronic devices. Our AAC device uses analogue signals in continuous form,
#Close to the point of more efficient chips More efficient chips based on plasmonics are a step closer to reality through better control of the directional excitation of plasmons in a gold grating.
This demonstration is a step toward the development of plasmonic chips, so called because they use plasmons--collective excitations of electrons in a conductor--rather than electrons to transfer
Such chips promise to be much faster and potentially more energy efficient than current electronic chips.
This could prove useful for developing ways to replace wires between chips with optical connectors,
which will greatly speed up chip-to-chip communication in integrated circuits based on plasmonics rather than electronics.
when the electrically excited plasmons are coupled to plasmonic waveguides, opening the way to plasmonic counterparts of electronic components."
"Potentially, we hope to achieve logic gates, which underpin all processing circuits, based on electrically driven plasmons,"says Dong g
#Artificial leaf harnesses sunlight for efficient fuel production Generating and storing renewable energy, such as solar or wind power, is a key barrier to a clean energy economy.
two electrodes--one photoanode and one photocathode--and a membrane. The photoanode uses sunlight to oxidize water molecules,
Semiconductors such as silicon or gallium arsenide absorb light efficiently and are used therefore in solar panels. However, these materials also oxidize
which showed that adding a nanometers-thick layer of titanium dioxide (Tio2)--a material found in white paint
and many toothpastes and sunscreens--onto the electrodes could prevent them from corroding while still allowing light
and improve the stability of a gallium arsenide-based photoelectrode. Another key advance is the use of active, inexpensive catalysts for fuel production.
or photons, using an artificially constructed atom, known as a semiconductor quantum dot. Thanks to the enhanced optical properties of this system and the technique used to make the measurements,
This excited the quantum dot and led to the emission of a stream of individual photons.
and manipulate,"said Michael Todhunter, Phd, who led the new study with Noel Jee, Phd,
and more secure way to communicate information between wearable electronic devices, providing an improved alternative to existing wireless communication systems,
An application of this technology would be a wireless sensor network for full-body health monitoring."
"In the future, people are going to be wearing more electronics, such as smart watches, fitness trackers and health monitors.
Mercier also serves as the co-director of the UC San diego Center for Wearable Sensors.
which uses the body as a vehicle to deliver magnetic energy between electronic devices. An advantage of this system is that magnetic fields are able to pass freely through biological tissues,
The wearable technology combines motion sensors and the measurement of electrical activity generated by muscles to interpret hand gestures,
notes Jafari who presented his research at the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 12th Annual Body Sensor Networks Conference this past June.
Jafari's system makes use of two distinct sensors. The first is an inertial sensor that responds to motion.
Consisting of an accelerometer and gyroscope, the sensor measures the accelerations and angular velocities of the hand and arm, Jafari notes.
This sensor plays a major role in discriminating different signs by capturing the user's hand orientations and hand and arm movements during a gesture.
However, a motion sensor alone wasn't enough, Jafari explains. Certain signs in American sign language are similar in terms of the gestures required to convey the word.
With these gestures the overall movement of the hand may be the same for two different signs
but the movement of individual fingers may be different. For example, the respective gestures for"please "and"sorry"and for"name
Jafari's system makes use of another type of sensor that measures muscle activity. Known as an electromyographic sensor (semg), this sensor non-invasively measures the electrical potential of muscle activities,
Jafari explains. It is used to distinguish various hand and finger movements based on different muscle activities.
working in tandem with the motion sensor to provide a more accurate interpretation of the gesture being signed,
In Jafari's system both inertial sensors and electromyographic sensors are placed on the right wrist of the user where they detect gestures
he says his team will look to incorporate all of these functions into one wearable device by combining the hardware and reducing the overall size of the required electronics.
"The combination of muscle activation detection with motion sensors is a new and exciting way of understanding human intent with other applications in addition to enhanced SLR systems,
#Ideal single-photon source developed With the help of a semiconductor quantum dot, physicists have developed a new type of light source that emits single photons.
However, quantum dots made of semiconductor materials are offering new hope. A quantum dot is a collection of a few hundred thousand atoms that can form itself into a semiconductor under certain conditions.
Single electrons can be captured in these quantum dots and locked into a very small area. An individual photon is emitted
Noise in the semiconductor A team of scientists led by Dr. Andreas Kuhlmann and Prof. Richard J. Warburton from the University of Basel have shown already in past publications that the indistinguishability of the photons is reduced by the fluctuating nuclear spin of the quantum dot atoms.
MD, Phd, chief of the Division of Infectious diseases & International Health at the University of Virginia led to the idea of applying an innovative cancer science technique to the study of infectious disease.
#Super-stretchable metallic conductors for flexible electronics Washington state University researchers have discovered how to stretch metal films used in flexible electronics to twice their size without breaking.
The discovery could lead to dramatic improvements and addresses one of the biggest challenges in flexible electronics, an industry still in its infancy with applications such as bendable batteries, robotic skins, wearable monitoring devices and sensors,
and manufacturing the tiny metal connections that go into flexible electronics. The metal has to undergo severe stretching
and periodically bonded it to a plastic layer commonly used in electronics, they were able to stretch the metal film to twice its original length.
"This is a quantum improvement in stretchable electronics and wearable devices,"said Panat. While Panat is excited about the work
scientists eventually hope to make very fast transistors, semiconductors, sensors and transparent electrodes using graphene.""This is an amazing material,
'"says Bart Ludbrook, first author on the PNAS paper and a former Phd researcher in Damascelli's group at UBC."
According to financial reports, the global market for graphene reached $9 million in 2014 with most sales in the semiconductor, electronics, battery, energy,
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