scientists eventually hope to make very fast transistors, semiconductors, sensors and transparent electrodes using graphene.""This is an amazing material,
'"says Bart Ludbrook, first author on the PNAS paper and a former Phd researcher in Damascelli's group at UBC."
According to financial reports, the global market for graphene reached $9 million in 2014 with most sales in the semiconductor, electronics, battery, energy,
#Nano-dunes with the ion beam Many semiconductor devices in modern technology--from integrated circuits to solar cells and LEDS--are based on nanostructures.
They direct a broad beam of noble gas ions onto a gallium arsenide wafer, which, for example, is used in producing high-speed and high-frequency transistors, photocells or light-emitting diodes."
"One could compare ion bombardment with sand blasting. This means that the ions mill off the surface of the target.
however, the ion beam destroys the crystal structure of the gallium arsenide and thus its semiconducting properties. Dr. Facsko's group at the HZDR's Ion beam Center therefore uses the opportunity to heat the sample during ion bombardment.
A further effect ensures that the nano-dunes on the semiconductor surface develop. The colliding ions
One purpose of this experiment was to show we could integrate bacterial catalysts with semiconductor technology.
One purpose of this experiment was to show we could integrate bacterial catalysts with semiconductor technology.
#First realization of an electric circuit with a magnetic insulator using spin waves Researchers at the University of Groningen, Utrecht University,
the Université de Bretagne Occidentale and the FOM Foundation have found that it is possible to make an electric circuit with a magnetic insulator.
Their discovery is interesting for the development of novel, energy-efficient electronic devices, particularly integrated circuits. A device based on spin waves could theoretically operate more efficiently than ordinary electronic circuits.
The results of their research will be published online in Nature Physics on Monday 14 september. In our current electronic equipment, information is transported via the motion of electrons.
In this scheme, the charge of the electron is used to transmit a signal. In a magnetic insulator, a spin wave is used instead.
Duine from Utrecht University have succeeded to use spin waves in an electric circuit by carefully designing the device geometry.
and hence enables the spin waves to be used in an electric circuit. The spin wave circuit that the researchers built,
Multiplexers are devices that enable separate streams of data to travel through a single medium.
Terahertz waves have a much higher frequency and therefore more potential bandwidth. Scientists and engineers have begun only recently exploring the potential of terahertz waves, however.
As a result, many of the components for a terahertz wireless network--including multiplexers--have not yet been developed.
The multiplexer that Mittleman and his colleagues have been working on makes use of what's known as a leaky wave antenna.
In this case the antenna is made from two metal plates placed in parallel to form a waveguide.
One of the plates has a small slit in it. As terahertz waves travel down the waveguide, some of the radiation leaks out of the slit.
It turns out that terahertz waves leak out a different angles depending on their frequency.""That means if you put in 10 different frequencies between the plates--each of them potentially carrying a unique data stream--they'll come out at 10 different angles,
"On the other end, a receiver could be tuned to accept radiation at a particular angle,
it's possible to adjust the spectrum bandwidth that can be allocated to each channel. That could be especially useful
"For example, if one user suddenly needs a ton of bandwidth, you can take it from others on the network who don't need as much just by changing the plate spacing at the right location,
A new generation of organic semiconductors may allow these kinds of flexible electronics to be manufactured at low cost,
what they are calling"an electron superhighway"in one of these materials--a low-cost blue dye called phthalocyanine--that promises to allow electrons to flow faster and farther in organic semiconductors Their discovery,
reported Sept. 14 in the journal Nature Communications, will aid in the hunt for alternatives to traditional silicon-based electronics.
Hills and Potholes Many of these types of flexible electronic devices will rely on thin films of organic materials that catch sunlight
Increasing the distance these excitons can diffuse--before they reach a juncture where they're broken apart to produce electrical current--is essential to improving the efficiency of organic semiconductors.
and Naveen Rawat G'15--opens a window to view how increasing"long-range order"in the organic semiconductor films is a key mechanism that allows excitons to migrate farther."
marking ACL for transport by the enzyme kinesin-1 to the neuron terminals. Once there
a reminder of nature's course that led to most of us. Once the egg is released from an ovary
marking ACL for transport by the enzyme kinesin-1 to the neuron terminals. Once there
Analyst firm Alite Group estimates that this vulnerability is adding up to $8 billion in incurred losses per year in the U s. Solutions have been proposed--such as integrated circuit cards and mobile wallets systems.
and magnetic credit card chip. The disposable credit card information was acquired from Shopsafe by registering several disposable credit card numbers with Bank of america.
Besides its potential use in information transfer, the metamaterial might also prove useful in data storage or for sensors that measure magnetic fields.
Very generally it could be used in spintronics, so in a promising future development in electronics for novel computer technology.
The measurements the researchers used to reveal the magnetic orientation of the nanomagnets, and therefore the properties of the metamaterial, can only be conducted exclusively at PSI.
Protein-based sensor could detect viral infection or kill cancer cells MIT biological engineers have developed a modular system of proteins that can detect a particular DNA sequence in a cell
and functional materials 3d printing is revolutionizing the production of lightweight structures, soft robots and flexible electronics,
including the electronics, a 3d printer must be able to seamlessly transition from a flexible material that moves with your joints for wearable applications,
to a rigid material that accommodates the electronic components. It would also need to be embed able to electrical circuitry using multiple inks of varying conductivity and resistivity,
and could pave the way for entirely 3d printed wearable devices, soft robots, and electronics. The research was led by Jennifer A. Lewis, the Hansjörg Wyss Professor of Biologically Inspired Engineering at the Harvard John A. Paulson School of engineering and Applied sciences (SEAS) and a Core Faculty member at the Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering
These structures may find potential application in flexible electronics, wearable devices, and soft robotics. They also printed reactive materials,
However, scanning transmission electron microscopes only produce two-dimensional images. So creating a 3-D picture requires scientists to scan the sample once
Using a scanning transmission electron microscope at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory's Molecular Foundry, Miao and his colleagues analyzed a small piece of tungsten,
The record peak brilliance of the light source makes it an ultrasensitive detector for the infrared molecular finger print region,
These characteristics, in combination with its coherence, make the light source a compact and ultrasensitive molecular detector.
This is a crucial step in creating a new generation of foldable electronics--think a flat-screen television that can be rolled up for easy portability--and implantable medical devices.
flexibility and transparency--all three are needed for foldable electronics--wear out too quickly to be said practical
That means the materials aren't durable enough for consumer electronics or biomedical devices.""Metallic materials often exhibit high cycle fatigue,
or organ surfaces, suggest the nanomesh"might be implanted in the body as a pacemaker electrode,
#Permanent data storage with light The first all-optical permanent on-chip memory has been developed by scientists of Karlsruhe Institute of technology (KIT) and the universities of Münster, Oxford, and Exeter.
and Exeter University have developed now the first all-optical, nonvolatile on-chip memory.""Optical bits can be written at frequencies of up to a gigahertz.
Permanent all-optical on-chip memories might considerably increase future performance of computers and reduce their energy consumption.
The achievement was made possible by advanced single-photon detectors designed and made at NIST.""Only about 1 percent of photons make it all the way through 100 km of fiber,
"We never could have done this experiment without these new detectors, which can measure this incredibly weak signal."
The teleportation method is novel in that four of NIST's photon detectors were positioned to filter out specific quantum states.
The detectors rely on superconducting nanowires made of molybdenum silicide. They can record more than 80 percent of arriving photons,
Thanks to the efficient detectors, researchers successfully teleported the desired quantum state in 83 percent of the maximum possible successful transmissions, on average.
#Highly flexible and wearable tactile sensor for robotics, electronics and healthcare applications A team of scientists from the National University of Singapore (NUS) Faculty of engineering has developed a wearable liquid-based microfluidic tactile
sensor that is small, thin, highly flexible and durable. Simple and cost-effective to produce, this novel device is very suitable for applications such as soft robotics, wearable consumer electronics, smart medical prosthetic devices,
as well as real-time healthcare monitoring. Tactile sensors are data acquisition devices that detect and measure a diversity of properties arising from physical interaction
and translate the information acquired to be analysed by an interconnected intelligent system. Conventional tactile sensors that are available today are typically rigid and in solid-state form
restricting various natural body movements when used and may also be subjected to plastic deformation and failure when pressure is exerted,
Addressing the limitations of existing tactile sensors, a team of researchers led by Professor Lim Chwee Teck from NUS'Department of Biomedical engineering achieves a significant technological breakthrough by adopting a liquid-based pressure sensing method in the design of such sensors.
Novel liquid-based pressure sensing element The newly developed microfluidic tactile sensor is fabricated on a flexible substrate like silicone rubber,
and uses non-corrosive, nontoxic 2d nanomaterial suspension in liquid form, such as graphene oxide, as the pressure sensing element to recognise force-induced changes.
From idea to market The team's invention will further advance the applications of tactile sensors
"This liquid-based microfluidic tactile sensor, which is the first of its kind, addresses an existing gap in the market.
the sensor gives a better fit when monitoring natural body movements. Its small size, durability and ease of production further differentiate this novel device from conventional tactile sensors.
With the rapid advancement of healthcare and biomedical technologies as well as consumer electronics, we are optimistic about new possibilities to commercialise our invention,
"said Prof Lim. The NUS team has filed already a patent for its creation and is also keen to explore licensing partnerships in commercial development.
and the respondent answers"yes"or"no"by focusing on one of two flashing LED LIGHTS attached to the monitor,
and transmitted brain signals from a human to a rat, using electrodes inserted into animals'brains.
#A different type of 2-D semiconductor To the growing list of two-dimensional semiconductors, such as graphene, boron nitride,
which are covalent semiconductors, these 2d hybrid perovskites are ionic materials, which gives them special properties of their own.
and a unique structural relaxation not found in covalent semiconductor sheets.""We believe this is the first example of 2d atomically thin nanostructures made from ionic materials,
and characterization of atomically thin 2d hybrid perovskites and introduces a new family of 2d solution-processed semiconductors for nanoscale optoelectronic devices, such as field effect transistors and photodetectors."
"We've demonstrated a two-qubit logic gate--the central building block of a quantum computer--and, significantly, done it in silicon.
Because we use essentially the same device technology as existing computer chips, we believe it will be much easier to manufacture a full-scale processor chip than for any of the leading designs,
which rely on more exotic technologies.""This makes the building of a quantum computer much more feasible,
--and thereby create a logic gate--using silicon. But the UNSW team--working with Professor Kohei M. Itoh of Japan's Keio University--has done just that for the first time.
A key advantage of the UNSW approach is that they have reconfigured the'transistors'that are used to define the bits in existing silicon chips,
"The silicon chip in your smartphone or tablet already has around one billion transistors on it, with each transistor less than 100 billionths of a metre in size,"said Dr Menno Veldhorst,
a UNSW Research Fellow and the lead author of the Nature paper.""We've morphed those silicon transistors into quantum bits by ensuring that each has only one electron associated with it.
We then store the binary code of 0 or 1 on the'spin'of the electron,
"He said that a key next step for the project is to identify the right industry partners to work with to manufacture the full-scale quantum processor chip.
the development of new, lighter and stronger materials spanning consumer electronics to aircraft; and faster information searching through large databases s
#Liquid cooling moves onto the chip for denser electronics Using microfluidic passages cut directly into the backsides of production field-programmable gate array (FPGA) devices,
Georgia Institute of technology researchers are putting liquid cooling right where it's needed the most--a few hundred microns away from where the transistors are operating.
and more powerful integrated electronic systems that would no longer require heat sinks or cooling fans on top of the integrated circuits.
the researchers have demonstrated a monolithically-cooled chip that can operate at temperatures more than 60 percent below those of similar air-cooled chips.
The cooling comes from simple deionized water flowing through microfluidic passages that replace the massive air-cooled heat sinks normally placed on the backs of chips."
and energy efficient,"said Muhannad Bakir, an associate professor and ON Semiconductor Junior Professor in the Georgia Tech School of Electrical and Computer engineering."
"We have eliminated the heat sink atop the silicon die by moving liquid cooling just a few hundred microns away from the transistors.
We believe that reliably integrating microfluidic cooling directly on the silicon will be a disruptive technology for a new generation of electronics."
"Supported by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), the research is believed to be the first example of liquid cooling directly on an operating high-performance CMOS chip.
Details of the research were presented on September 28 at the IEEE Custom Integrated circuits Conference in San jose,
Bakir and graduate student Thomas Sarvey removed the heat sink and heat-spreading materials from the backs of stock Altera FPGA chips.
"This may open the door to stacking multiple chips, potentially multiple FPGA chips or FPGA chips with other chips that are high in power consumption.
We are seeing a significant reduction in the temperature of these liquid-cooled chips.""The research team chose FPGAS for their test
because they provide a platform to test different circuit designs, and because FPGAS are common in many market segments,
including defense. However, the same technology could also be used to cool CPUS, GPUS and other devices such as power amplifiers,
Bakir said. In addition to improving overall cooling, the system could reduce hotspots in circuits by applying cooling much closer to the power source.
Eliminating the heat sink could allow more compact packaging of electronic devices --but only if electrical connection issues are addressed also.
fabricated high aspect ratio copper vias through the silicon columns, reducing the capacitance of the connections that would carry signals between chips in an array."
"The moment you start thinking about stacking the chips, you need to have copper vias to connect them,
and that will lead to improvements in bandwidth density and reductions in energy use.""The cooling research was funded by DARPA's Microsystems Technology Office, through the ICECOOL program.
"Future high-performance semiconductor electronics will be increasingly dominated by thermal budget and ability to remove heat. The embedded microfluidic channels provide an intriguing option to remove heat from future microelectronics systems."
"This research was supported by DARPA-MTO; the contents of the news release are the responsibility of the authors
Karnik says graphene nanopores could be useful as sensors--for instance, detecting ions of mercury, potassium, or fluoride in solution.
The possibility to use arbitrary metallic electrodes significantly simplifies the fabrication and operation of such novel storage devices s
The physicists fired fast electrons into the miniature accelerator module using a type of electron gun provided by the group of CFEL Professor Dwayne Miller, Director at the Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics
an organic compound found in plants, bacteria, algae and trees, to build more efficient and longer-lasting energy storage devices or supercapacitors.
and high-power electronics, such as wearable devices, portable power supplies and hybrid and electric vehicles.""Ultimately the goal of this research is to find ways to power current and future technology with efficiency
This can be used to produce more sustainable capacitor devices with higher power density and faster charging abilities compared to rechargeable batteries.
Lightweight and high-power density capacitors are of particular interest for the development of hybrid and electric vehicles.
#New graphene based inks for high-speed manufacturing of printed electronics A low-cost, high-speed method for printing graphene inks using a conventional roll-to-roll printing process,
including inexpensive printed electronics, intelligent packaging and disposable sensors. Developed by researchers at the University of Cambridge in collaboration with Cambridge-based technology company Novalia,
including printed electronics. Although numerous laboratory prototypes have been demonstrated around the world, widespread commercial use of graphene is yet to be realised."
""This method will allow us to put electronic systems into entirely unexpected shapes, "said Chris Jones of Novalia."
who could diversify into the electronics sector.""The UK, and the Cambridge area in particular, has always been strong in the printing sector,
In addition to cheaper printable electronics, this technology opens up potential application areas such as smart packaging and disposable sensors,
Light goes infinitely fast with new on-chip material Electrons are so 20th century. In the 21st century, photonic devices,
will enhance or even replace the electronic devices that are ubiquitous in our lives today. But there's a step needed before optical connections can be integrated into telecommunications systems and computers:
or manipulated but this metamaterial permits you to manipulate light from one chip to another, to squeeze,
A zero-index material that fits on a chip could have exciting applications, especially in the world of quantum computing."
"Integrated photonic circuits are hampered by weak and inefficient optical energy confinement in standard silicon waveguides,
"This zero-index metamaterial offers a solution for the confinement of electromagnetic energy in different waveguide configurations
It can couple to silicon waveguides to interface with standard integrated photonic components and chips."
or waveguide to emit photons which are always in phase with one another, "said Philip Munoz,
""This on-chip metamaterial opens the door to exploring the physics of zero index and its applications in integrated optics,"said Mazur r
The AC to DC conversion is done by an electronic component called a rectifier. Similarly, electromagnetic oscillations in the air can be turned into DC current by a device called a rectenna,
which combines an antenna's function of receiving electromagnetic waves with a rectifier's function of outputting direct current.
The researchers also used computer modeling to design a bowtie-shaped antenna that would effectively capture the enhanced thermal emission.
Simulations predict that an antenna placed near the holey surface could capture 10,000 to 100,000 times more thermal energy than an antenna in open space.
and image sensor, cost less than $3, 000 to construct. At production levels upwards of 10,000 units,
The use of low cost components such as LEDS reflectors, and USB detectors, combined with the all-plastic housing and lenses will allow for future versions of the prototype to be mass-produced d
#Gene could hold key to treating Parkinson's disease Researchers at King's college London have identified a new gene linked to nerve function,
#Internal fingerprint sensor peers inside fingertips for more surefire ID In the 1971 film Diamonds are Forever,
a main component of gummy sweets, could trick up to 80 percent of standard fingerprint sensors.
The sensors also sometimes fail to recognize legitimate prints when the finger being scanned is dirty,
"In the past years, the use of fingerprint sensors has expanded greatly beyond the field of forensics. Far from just being used for border security or passport registration,
current uses of these sensors allows access to mobile phones, computers and even gym facilities,"said Egidijus Auksorius, postdoctoral researcher, The Langevin Institute.
Despite the widespread use of commercial fingerprint sensors, problems with the devices persist, Auksorius said,
including up to 5 percent of the population having difficulties using the sensors because their fingerprints are flattened from old age
people attempting to escape identification might deliberately thwart the sensors by rubbing out their fingerprints,
to develop a new"internal fingerprint"sensor. Most optical fingerprint sensors today produce images by reflecting light from areas where the skin does not come in contact with a glass plate, a technique that captures details from only the very top layer of skin.
In contrast Auksorius and Boccara's device images the"internal fingerprints, "which have the same pattern as external fingerprints,
The new sensor uses a special variant of an imaging technology called optical coherence tomography (OCT). OCT is used already for medical imaging
While the price is still significantly higher than standard fingerprint sensors, Auksorius predicts that the new device could find a market dedicated to imaging problematic fingerprints
night-vision goggles and smoke detectors to surveillance systems and satellites--that rely on electronic light sensors. Integrated into a digital camera lens, for example, it could reduce bulkiness and boost both the acquisition speed and quality of video or still photos.
The researchers also placed electrodes under the phototransistor's ultrathin silicon nanomembrane layer--and the metal layer and electrodes each act as reflectors
and improve light absorption without the need for an external amplifier.""There's a built-in capability to sense weak light,
#Super sensitive magnetic sensor created Researchers from the National University of Singapore (NUS) have developed a new hybrid magnetic sensor that is more sensitive than most commercially available sensors.
This technological breakthrough hails opportunities for the development of smaller and cheaper sensors for various fields such as consumer electronics, information and communication technology, biotechnology and automotive.
High performance magnetic sensors in demand When an external magnetic field is applied to certain materials a change in electrical resistance, also known as magnetoresistance, occurs as the electrons are deflected.
The discovery of magnetoresistance paved the way for magnetic field sensors used in hard disk drives and other devices,
In the search for an ideal magnetoresistance sensor, researchers have prized the properties of high sensitivity to low and high magnetic fields, tunability,
The new hybrid sensor developed by the team led by Assoc Prof Yang, who is also with the NUS Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Institute (NUSNNI) and the Centre for Advanced 2d Materials (CA2DM) at NUS Faculty of science,
More than 200 times more sensitive than commercially available sensors The new sensor, made of graphene
The researchers characterised the new sensor by testing it at various temperatures, angles of magnetic field,
"Compared to other existing sensors, which are made commonly of silicon and indium antimonide, the group's hybrid sensor displayed much higher sensitivity to magnetic fields.
In particular, when measured at 127 Degree celsius (the maximum temperature which most electronics products are operated at),
the researchers observed a gain in sensitivity of more than eightfold over previously reported laboratory results and more than 200 times that of most commercially available sensors.
Another breakthrough in this research was the discovery that mobility of the graphene multilayers can be adjusted partially by tuning the voltage across the sensor
enabling the sensor's characteristics to be optimised. This control gives the material an advantage over commercially available sensors.
In addition, the sensor showed very little temperature dependence over room temperature to 127 Degree celsius range, making it an ideal sensor suitable for environments of higher temperature.
Meeting industry demand The magnetoresistance sensor industry, estimated to be worth US$1. 8 billion in 2014,
is expected to grow to US$2. 9 billion by the year 2020. Graphene-based magnetoresistance sensors hold immense promise over existing sensors due to their stable performance over temperature variation, eliminating the necessity for expensive wafers or temperature correction circuitry.
Production cost for graphene is also much lower than silicon and indium antimonide. Potential applications for the new sensor include the automotive industry,
where sensors in cars, located in devices like flow meters, position sensors and interlocks, are made currently of silicon or indium antimonide.
For instance, when there is a change in temperature due to the car's air-conditioner or heat from the sun,
properties of the conventional sensors in the car change as well. To counter this, a temperature correction mechanism is required, incurring additional production cost.
However, with the team's new hybrid sensor, the need for expensive wafers to manufacture the sensors,
and additional temperature correction circuitries can be eliminated.""Our sensor is poised perfectly to pose a serious challenge in the magnetoresistance market by filling the performance gaps of existing sensors,
and finding applications as thermal switches, hard drives and magnetic field sensors. Our technology can even be applied to flexible applications,"added Assoc Prof Yang.
The research team has filed a patent for the invention. Following this proof-of-concept study,
the researchers plan to scale up their studies and manufacture industry-size wafers for industrial use e
#World first lab-in-a-briefcase Academics at Loughborough University hope to boost early detection rates of cancer in developing countries with their portable lab-in-a-briefcase that can operate even at high temperatures.
Believed to be the first kit of its kind dedicated to the portable measurement of cancer biomarkers,
the concept is the brainchild of Dr Nuno Reis, a Lecturer in Chemical engineering. The full study has been published in the Lab on a Chip journal.
The number of people dying from cancer in developing countries is on the increase, partly due to steadily ageing populations
but also due to limited access to proper diagnostic tools. Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide,
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