using 11 sets of observations recorded between 2003 and 2011 using the Hubble space telescope s Fine Guidance Sensors,
#Electron beams set nanostructures aglow Put a piece of quartz under an electron microscope and it will shine an icy blue.
Just as in an old-fashioned cathode ray tube-tube colour television, the electron beam scans the sample to build up an image line by line.
and in the ultra-small cavities of photonic crystals#components of chip-based lasers and light-emitting diodes."
later it may target the laser, semiconductor and solar-cell industries. He realizes that, by selling the system,
and led to scores of new human embryonic-stem-cell lines being available to NIH-funded researchers.
and with the help of satellite imaging and undersea sensors, researchers have discovered a long-elusive source for the deep ocean streams of cold water that help to regulate the Earth's climate.
the researchers used satellite sensors to hunt for polynya regions where ice formed particularly rapidly.
The Argus II includes a small video camera, a transmitter mounted on a pair of eyeglasses, a video processing unit and a 60-electrode implanted retinal prosthesis that replaces the function of degenerated cells in the retina,
the membrane lining the inside of the eye. Although it does not fully restore vision,
this setup can improve a patient s ability to perceive images and movement, using the video processing unit to transform images from the video camera into electronic data that is wirelessly transmitted to the retinal prosthesis.
Retinitis pigmentosa#which affects about one in 4, 000 people in the US and about 1. 5 million people worldwide#kills the retina s photoreceptors,
The company s technology is a three-by three-millimeter microelectronic chip (0. 1-millimeter thick) containing about 1, 500 light-sensitive photodiodes,
amplifiers and electrodes surgically inserted beneath the fovea (which contains the cone cells) in the retina s macula region.
The chip helps generate at least partial vision by stimulating intact nerve cells in the retina. The nerve impulses from these cells are led then via the optic nerve to the visual cortex where they create impressions of sight.
The chip s power source is positioned under the skin behind the ear and connected via a thin cable#no glasses or camera required.
These sensors detect light, and control the output of a pulsed electrical current. Patients would wear goggles that emit near-infrared pulses that transmit both power and data directly to the photodiodes.
The chip converts images that come into the eye into streams of electrical impulses, and the mini-projector then converts the electrical impulses into light impulses that are sent to the brain.
Rather than increasing the number of electrodes placed in an eye to capture more information
Synthetic biology seeks to bring concepts from electronic engineering to cell biology, treating gene functions as components in a circuit.
JEFF J MITCHELL/REUTERSA 2001 outbreak of foot and mouth disease led to the slaughter of huge numbers of sheep and cows.
Their giant but crude microwave receiver saw the radiation as being the same in all directions,
Its high-frequency microwave detector is cooled to just 0. 1 degrees above absolute zero which enables it to detect temperature variations as small as a millionth of a degree.
Light from light-emitting diodes is sent then sideways through the slab, and some of it is scattered out of the slab in a direction determined by the spacing and orientation of the grooves.
as in an ordinary LCD screen#the display can also produce moving images. Figuring out how to modulate the LCD screen to produce the views is orders of magnitude easier than working out the complicated interference patterns needed to make a moving hologram visible from any direction,
says Fattal. And because each circular diffraction grating is just 12 micrometres across, the system is suited ideally to mobile technologies,
#Waterproof transistor takes cell's electric pulse Think of it as a medical monitor for the cell.
The device is known as a single-electron transistor, and its inventors hope that it could be used to measure the performance of biofuel-producing organisms,
A transistor acts like a switch in an electrical circuit: a voltage at the transistor s gate terminal allows current to flow through a semiconductor inside the device.
If the semiconductor is small enough#a nanoparticle, for example#a single electron can switch the transistor on,
amplifying a tiny signal into a much larger current in the main circuit. The first single-electron transistors were built in the late 1980s1,
but most require very low temperatures#otherwise, the electrons gather enough energy to tunnel through the semiconductor,
and current leaks through the switch. A handful work at room temperature (by using carbon nanotubes to detect electrons
for example2), but they cannot operate in water#a serious obstacle to using such devices in living organisms.
In 2008, materials scientist Ravi Saraf at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln and his colleagues built a room-temperature single-electron transistor using a different approach3.
These can form a tangled network that connects two electrodes some 30 micrometres apart. Roughly 5%of the gold nanoparticles have defects that prevent current from flowing from one electrode to the other.
But if an electron settles on a defective nanoparticle it makes it slightly easier for current to flow,
and the transistor switches on.""Saraf takes advantage of the fact that these one-dimensional arrays are not perfect,
where subtle changes in the charge distribution across the cell membrane can bridge the defects and switch the transistor on.
The device can fit about five green algae cells between the electrodes. Shining a light on the cells triggers a cascade of biochemical reactions that transfer electrons along a chain of molecules#and switches the transistor on.
Adding more carbon dioxide, or using wavelengths of light that are absorbed easily by chlorophyll, increases the rate of photosynthesis and produces a larger current through the transistor.
Other researchers are trying to repurpose the biochemistry of green algae to make biofuels, and Saraf thinks that his device could monitor how efficiently the new strains photosynthesize.
and a detector captures the signals like a viewer watching a cinema screen. The system records activity from the full brain every 1. 3 seconds.
Another limitation is that neither the protein sensor nor the imaging system yet works fast enough to distinguish
The mental remote control, developed by Braingate, will be tested in volunteers possibly within a year. According to a recent post on MTI Technology Review, researchers at Brown University and a company callled Blackrock Microsystems, have commercialized a wireless device that can be attached to a person skull
and wired to electrodes inside the brain. The processor inside the device amplifies the electrical signals emitted by neurons,
and the built-in radio beams this info to the receiver placed within a few meters. From this point the original thought command becomes available as a control signal for computers.
to have an implant with electrodes paired with drug delivery pumps that could sense an oncoming epileptic seizure
which involves attaching electrodes to the surface of the skin. his method allows easy access to the neural connections in the spinal cord below a spinal injury
as well as a variety of nonmetal materials that are also inductors, Greg Henderson, the inventor behind this futuristic skateboard, told Live Science in December.
Will Shanklin of Gizmag first tried Thync at the Consumer electronics Show in January 2015 and has written about it again with the company latest announcement that it's now taking.
#Tiny Radar Chip Gives Devices Gesture Control In the future, we might not have to touch devices at all to control them.
A sensor tracks the movements of hands, which control the input into a device. The team unveiled the new technology recently during its
Photosthe radar technology can fit onto a chip the size of a fingernail and can be produced at scale.
Google wants to put the chip into small electronic devices like smartwatches, along with everyday objects. The release date for the API to Soli has not yet been announced yet. via Business Inside n
and eventually attach integrated sensors and communication devices. Sounds great! You first d
#Rat Limb Grown in the Lab In a first step toward engineering replacement limbs in the lab,
#Needle Injects Healing Electronics into the Brain Researchers have built a tiny mesh-like electronic sensor,
The key finding is that the sensor and mesh combination is so small and bendy that it doesn cause any damage to the surrounding brain tissue, something that often plagues surgical procedures done with a needle, knife or other type of probe.
versus creating a reactive response which shields the electronics. Lieber said the stiffness of flexible electronic sensor is four to six orders magnitude bigger than current electronics. ells can penetrate through this,
he said. As a result, the sensor doesn provoke a response by the body immune system.
The mesh is made of a polymer material with electronics embedded inside. After an injection several centimeters into the brain of a laboratory mouse
the scientists were able to monitor electronic brain signals. Zhenan Bao, professor of chemical engineering at Stanford university who is also building injectable electronics,
said the experiment was n amazing piece of work. he concept is said ingenious, Bao via e-mail. am impressed that they were able to inject even the nanowire transistors with very high yield.""
""One big challenge with implantable devices is that the implanting procedure can be said very invasive
Brain-Zapping Implant Could Aid Injured Soldiers The authors of the paper say next step is to use the mesh system to deliver living stem cells that may help repair damaged sections of the brain or perhaps a multifunction electronic device
The Muse headband is lined with seven EEG sensors that detect the brain electrical activity and sends information about the user state of mind to a smartphone app, Calm,
At the University of Virginia, researchers have unveiled a new way to transmit wireless data in light waves from LED LIGHTS a much more reliable and faster alternative to radio wave Wi-fi. DNEWS:
As more light fixtures get replaced with LED LIGHTS, you can have different access points to the same network. randt-Pearce and with her former student Mohammad Noshad,
Although the technology would only work with devices that have some sort of optical receiver, the concept could provide a big boost to connectivity speeds with the potential to use every light in a building as an Internet transmitter. via Phys. or a
#'Edible Barcodes'Help Fight Counterfeit Drugs Who knew that the answer to fighting the trillion-dollar global counterfeit drug problem rested in a particle the size of a speck of dust?
and have embedded sensors that communicate with the city waste management fleet. The Wireless internet option essentially turns the trash cans into free public Wi-fi hotspots,
The panels of the car connect to body sensors on the driver body. As the driver pulse quickens
and an optical sensor to identify the molecular structure of any given material. Different types of molecules vibrate in unique ways
You can pre-order the SCIO pocket sensor now for $249 or if you want to design your own apps,
#Lab on a chip turns smart phones into mobile disease clinics Smart phones can pay our bills,
In mice infected with MRSA, injections of teixobactin led to a 100%survival rate at lower doses than vancomycin.
one of the four main detectors at the Large hadron collider (LHC), which was behind the find.
Within it, two electrodes are separated by a charge-conducting electrolyte. In the case of SOFCS, the electrolyte consists of a solid ceramic membrane.
In the typical setup, air is fed to the negatively charged electrode, or cathode, where oxygen molecules pick up extra electrons.
In the future he hopes to improve his detectors to sense radiation from a single horizon which could help determine
The hypersensitive methane detector on NASA's Mars rover curiosity is being repurposed to ferret out gas leaks On earth.
Cliff Johnson president of the Pipeline Research Council International says the detector will help find leaks in pipelines before they get large.
That led to a harsher sentence he says. In cases where images with greater resolution are needed the pair plan to use aerial imagery from drones provided local aviation and privacy laws permit.
Chemical modelling suggests pressure deep inside the planets would crush it into a rain of diamond chips
Then there are rare-earth metals that could be retrieved from discarded electronics along with bits of tin copper and gold.
We could also use other sensors to assess methane outgassing levels and explosion risk. Initially the firm plans to use information collected by European space agency satellites
and its head is a small video camera. The feed relays to a control station, where a human surgeon operates it using joysticks.
For the first time satellites and ground-based detectors have watched as the planet sends out a tendril of plasma to fight off blasts of charged solar matter.
In January 2013 GPS sensors on the ground mapped electrons in the upper atmosphere and saw a tendril of increased electron density curling away from the north pole indicating that a plume of plasma was veering off towards the sun. At the same time three of NASA's THEMIS spacecraft
and Technology (NIST) in Boulder Colorado who developed the detector with NASA. Data must be encoded before it can be sent.
Mirin made a nanowire detector that operates at-270 C. This boosted the number of photons it received each second by two orders of magnitude compared with regular detectors.
The net is fitted with sensors that look for light reflecting from small pieces of debris and automatically aligns itself
and can hold components like sensors and cameras. They are typically put into low Earth orbit by a rocket
In the engine, a reservoir of ionic liquid soaks into a porous, metal chip and forms tiny pools in the pores of spikes on its surface.
Fresh liquid gets sucked onto the chip when ions are emitted, just as tree roots suck in water
The result is an array of between 500 and 5000 focussed ion beams that stream from each of the eight chips on the Cubesat when the electric field the strength
One big challenge will be making sure the spacecraft's electronics function reliably in the harsh temperature
because its electronics could not withstand the heat radiated from the moon. MOM should also help to unravel some of the planet's mysteries.
It will carry five scientific instruments including a methane sensor to try to pick up the gas in Mars's atmosphere.
Last month Sony Pictures Television announced a partnership with Dutch firm Space Expedition Corporation (SXC) for a show called Milky way Mission
Joseph Kahn of Stanford university in California also acknowledges the need for higher bandwidth in returning ever larger amounts of data from space missions.
which means that they must be aimed very precisely at detectors on the ground. To stabilise its pointing LLCD sits on devices that cancel out any vibrations on the LADEE spacecraft.
To maximise the chance of cloudless skies LLCD will be able to beam its light to any of three detectors in New mexico California or Spain.
It will deploy Sprint-A into low Earth orbit where the spacecraft will take aim at the planets using cameras and sensors that record extreme-ultraviolet light.
This month, Virgin galactic and chip-maker Qualcomm announced their backing of a venture called Oneweb.
based In virginia, has provided satellite telephone services and low-bandwidth internet since the late 1990s. Its existing network of 66 satellites is set to be replaced by a new one called Iridium NEXT.
Antenna weight can be brought down by using antennas that unfurl themselves in space, like those being developed by Sergio Pellegrino at the California Institute of technology.
This means antennas of similar size to today's can be made of lighter materials as they will only have to support their own weight in microgravity, rather than On earth's surface.
#Running the color gamut If LCD TVS start getting much more colorful and energy-efficient in the next few years,
Quantum dots are light-emitting semiconductor nanocrystals that can be tuned by changing their size, nanometer by nanometer to emit all colors across the visible spectrum.
QD Vision has developed an optical component that can boost the color gamut for LCD televisions by roughly 50 percent,
Last June, Sony used QD Vision product, called Color IQ, in millions of its Bravia riluminostelevisions, marking the first-ever commercial quantum dot display.
In September, Chinese electronics manufacturer TCL began implementing Color IQ into certain models. These are currently only available in China,
Replacing the bulb In conventional LCD TVS pixels are illuminated by a white LED backlight that passes through blue, red,
and green filters to produce the colors on the screen. But this actually requires phosphors to convert a blue light to white;
Manufacturers can potentially boost color by incorporating more LEDS, but this costs more and requires more energy to run.
Manufacturers use a blue LED in the backlight, but without the need for conversion phosphors.
LCD TVS equipped with Color IQ produce 100 percent of the color gamut, with greater power efficiency than any other technology. he value proposition is that you are not changing the display,
Other technologies, called organic light-emitting diode (OLED) displays, use an organic compound to reach upward of 100 percent of the color gamut
LCD TVS made with Color IQ are just as colorful but are made for a few hundred dollars less
on implementing quantum dots into electronic devices. In a study funded by MIT Deshpande Center for Technological Innovation, Coe-Sullivan, QD Vision cofounder Jonathan Steckel Phd 6,
and others developed a pioneering technique for producing quantum dot LEDS (QLEDS). To do so, they sandwiched a layer of quantum dots, a few nanometers thick, between two organic thin films.
Coe-Sullivan enrolled in 15.390 (New Ventures) to further develop a business model. hat led to the more rigorous formation of a sales and marketing plans,
the company eventually caught the eye of Sony, and last year became the first to market with a quantum dot display.
Along with Color IQ-powered LCD TVS, Amazon released a quantum dot Kindle last year, and Asus has a quantum dot notebook. nd there nothing in between that quantum dots can address,
#Two sensors in one MIT chemists have developed new nanoparticles that can simultaneously perform magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and fluorescent imaging in living animals.
In a paper appearing in the Nov 18 issue of Nature Communications the researchers demonstrate the use of the particles which carry distinct sensors for fluorescence
when the sensor encounters a target molecule such as Vitamin c. They have created also nanoparticles carrying the fluorescent agent plus up to three different drugs.
which uses sensor identification badges and analytics tools to track behavioral data on employees providing insights that can increase productivity.
Sociometric s system based on years of MIT research consists of employee identification badges with built-in Bluetooth sensors that track location and which way someone s facing.
Other sensors show when employees lean in signaling for instance engagement in a conversation and accelerometers can track their speed (sensing bursts of lethargy and vigor).
A built-in microphone records how often fast and loud individuals talk as well as tone of voice (but not actual conversation.
Increased speed and higher voice tones for example are strong indicators of high stress levels. Readers placed around an office collect the data and push it to the cloud.
#Bacteria become genomic tape recorders MIT engineers have transformed the genome of the bacterium E coli into a long-term storage device for memory.
They envision that this stable erasable and easy-to-retrieve memory will be suited well for applications such as sensors for environmental and medical monitoring.
To achieve that they designed a genomic tape recorder that lets researchers write new information into any BACTERIAL DNA sequence.
which is why we re viewing it as a tape recorder because you can direct where that signal is written Lu says.
long-lasting analog distributed genomic storage with a variety of readout options says Shawn Douglas an assistant professor at the University of California at San diego who was involved not in the study.
Bacterial sensorsenvironmental applications for this type of sensor include monitoring the ocean for carbon dioxide levels acidity or pollutants.
Until recently, Spielberg worked in the MIT Media Lab with Neri Oxman, the Sony Corporation Career development Assistant professor of Media Arts and Sciences, graduate students Steven Keating and John Klein,
From walls to nanoscale chips This fall Spielberg jumped to the other end of the 3-D printing spectrum, moving from walls to nanoscale fluidic chips.
He is now working in the lab of A. John Hart, the Mitsui Career development Associate professor of Mechanical engineering,
to manufacture what known as a ab on a chip. Currently, when a doctor wants to run a series of blood tests on a patient,
a lab on a chip can theoretically take a minuscule sample of blood, run all of the required tests at once inside tiny channels embedded in the chip,
and produce nearly instantaneous results. Spielberg even sees the technology as a potential tool in military environments. t totally a convenience thing,
The current method for creating labs on a chip is labor-intensive, and, much like manufacturing a standard computer chip, starts with creating silicon wafers,
which act as a template for the final product. Even though he is only a few months into his new lab position with Hart,
The primary culprit in smartphone battery drain is an inefficient power amplifier a component that is designed to push the radio signal out through the phones antennas.
Prepared to send sizeable chunks of data at any given time the amplifiers stay at maximum voltage eating away power more than any other smartphone component and about 75 percent of electricity consumption in base stations#and wasting
But Eta Devices has developed a chip (for smartphones) and a shoebox-size module (for base stations) based on nearly a decade of MIT research to essentially switch gears to adjust voltage supply to power amplifiers as needed cutting the waste.
You can look at our technology as a high-speed gearbox that every few nanoseconds modulates the amount of power that the power amplifier draws from the battery explains Joel Dawson Eta Devices chief technology officer
and a former associate professor of electrical engineering and computer science who co-invented the technology. That turns out to be the key to keeping the efficiency very high.
When trialed in a base station last year Eta Devices module became the first transmitter for 4G LTE networks to achieve an average efficiency greater than 70 percent Dawson says.
Eta Devices has entered also conversations with major manufacturers of LTE-enabled smartphones to incorporate their chips by the end of next year.
If all midsized carrier networks were to replace current radio amplifiers with Eta Devices technology he says the reduction in greenhouse gases would be equivalent to taking about 5 million cars off the road.
In 2008 Dawson and Perreault who directs the Power Electronics Research Group submitted an early concept of the Eta technology then called asymmetrical multilevel outphasing (AMO) to an Innovation Teams
The AMO technology was a new transmitter architecture where algorithms could choose from different voltages needed to transmit data in each power amplifier
A paper detailing the technology was presented at that year s IEEE Radio frequency Integrated circuits Symposium. That Deshpande Center grant was big in terms of the funding
#Spinning out a company has been the best way to validate the technology especially with novel power-electronics hardware Dawson says.
Future-proofing technologytoday Eta Devices major advantage is that its technology is able to handle ever-increasing data bandwidths.
which adjusts voltage to power amplifiers on the fly. But by adjusting that voltage continuously ET efficiency falls apart for 4G LTE
and 802. 11ac (Wifi) wireless standards even up to 20 MHZ bandwidth. ETADVANCED in contrast already accommodates ultrahigh bandwidths used by newer communication standards such as LTE Advanced (up to 80#megahertz) and the next-generation Wifi standard (up to 160 megahertz).
) Prepping for future communication standards is one thing that s helped the company thrive Dawson says.
It s a very rapid and very adaptable approach to make models says Thales Papagiannakopoulos a postdoc at MIT s Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research
who has founded four other companies in his time at MIT Microchips Inc.,Springleaf Therapeutics, Entra Pharmaceuticals,
The team used a digital video camera to record the filamentsmotion as they hit the belt,
The same prototype also crams 1900 emitters onto a chip that s only a centimeter square quadrupling the array size and emitter density of even the best of its predecessors.
or the height of deposits must be consistent across an entire chip. To control the nanotubes growth the researchers first cover the emitter array with an ultrathin catalyst film
Indeed Bhattacharyya built the main structural components of the robot using a 3-D printer in Asada s lab. Half of the robot the half with the flattened panel is waterproof and houses the electronics.
In the robot s watertight chamber are its control circuitry its battery a communications antenna and an inertial measurement unit
which consists of three accelerometers and three gyroscopes that can gauge the robot s motion in any direction.
and stay in contact with it while traveling in a straight line so the prototype is equipped not yet with an ultrasound sensor.
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