If your suit happens to have sensors it could tourniquet you in the event of injury without you even having to think about it.
creating a flexible material that can change its color or fluorescence and its texture at the same time, on demand, by remote control.
Zhao says the same basic approach could eventually lead to production of large, flexible display screens and antifouling coatings for ships.
These motors are controlled by amplifiers designed by David Otten a principal research engineer in MIT s Research Laboratory of Electronics.
The combination of such special electric motors and custom-designed bio-inspired legs allow force control on the ground without relying on delicate force sensors on the feet.#
customers use software to select third-party drone vehicles and components such as sensors, cameras, actuators, and communication devices configure settings,
and infrastructure with drones that require specific cameras and sensors as potential early customers. A company from scratch Airware roots date to 2005,
But companies developing cameras, sensors, and communication links for drones also stand to benefit, he adds,
and every drone has different software and electronics, it good for the FAA if all of them had reliable and common hardware and software,
Saudi Aramco, SAP, General electric, and IBM, as well as government agencies and academic institutions, such as Harvard university Graduate school of Design.
He adds that at the 2014 Consumer electronics Show in Las vegas Bandwagon ran a demonstration version of its service for conference attendees.
When a DNA sample is exposed to this chip any strands that match the target sequences are trapped on the biochip.
After the laser-cut materials are layered together a microprocessor and one or more small motors are attached to the top surface.
the motors are synchronized by the microprocessor. Each leg in turn has eight mechanical linkages and the dynamics of the linkages convert the force exerted by the motor into movement.
Because they build it with the electronics on first you can now choose which folds occur when.
If you don t have the electronics then you re limited to patterns where you heat up the whole thing
In the near term the material could also be embedded in lab-on-a-chip devices to magnetically direct the flow of cells and other biological material through a diagnostic chip s microchannels.
Such patterns may be useful in directing cells through a microchip s channels or wicking moisture from a windshield.
But at the boundary itself, the camera sensor receives both red and blue light, so it averages them out to produce purple.
The sensor of a digital camera consists of an array of photodetectors millions of them, even in commodity devices.
it less expensive to design the sensor hardware so that it reads off the measurements of one row of photodetectors at a time.
This behavior is similar to that of traditional semiconductors such as silicon and germanium. But if the graphene starts out with high electron concentration the pulse decreases its conductivity the same way that a metal usually behaves.
and the bottom electrode the electron concentration of graphene could be tuned. The researchers then illuminated graphene with a strong light pulse and measured the change of electrical conduction by assessing the transmission of a second low-frequency light pulse.
Our experiment reveals that the cause of photoconductivity in graphene is very different from that in a normal metal or semiconductors,
Practical application of such a detector would therefore require increasing absorption efficiency such as by using multiple layers of graphene,
or electronic readers that eliminate the need for reading glasses among other applications. The first spectacles were invented in the 13th century says Gordon Wetzstein a research scientist at the Media Lab and one of the display's co-creators.
instead using two liquid-crystal displays (LCDS) in parallel. Carefully tailoring the images displayed on the LCDS to each other allows the system to mask perspectives
while letting much more light pass through. Wetzstein envisions that commercial versions of a vision-correcting screen would use the same technique.
Then came diode-pumped solid-state (DPSS) lasers including disk and fiber that first transfer energy from diode lasers into a medium usually a crystal before converting it into a laser beam.
But the Terablade aptly called a direct-diode laser uses light directly from the diodes skipping the DPSS conversion step
Recently, scientists have explored ways to improve the efficiency of solar-thermal harvesting by developing new solar receivers and by working with nanofluids.
To test the hypothesis Wu wore a glove outfitted with multiple position-recording sensors and attached to her wrist via a light brace.
Now the same team has demonstrated that this process can generate small amounts of electricity that might be used to power electronic devices.
or other electronics using just the humidity in the air. As a side benefit the system could also produce clean water.
or other sources of ambient energy and represents an amount that could be sufficient to provide useful power for electronic devices in some remote locations.
For powering remote automated environmental sensors even a tiny amount of energy might be sufficient;
which can be used to power microelectromechanical devices and small electronic devices. He adds Getting power from a condensation process is definitely a novel idea as condensation is used mainly for thermal management.#
But this requires an uninterrupted continuous path between the transmitter and the receiver which is obviously not ideal for consumer products Soljacic says.
Witricity s system of transmitters and receivers with magnetic coils on the other hand efficiently transfers power over longer distances says CEO Alex Gruzen 84 SM 86.
The transmitter emanated a magnetic field oscillating at megahertz frequencies which the receiver matched ensuring a strong coupling between the units
and weak interaction with the rest of the environment including nonmetallic materials and humans. In fact they demonstrated that they could light the bulb at roughly 45 percent efficiency with all six researchers standing in between the two coils.
when adding more receiver coils power transfer efficiency climbs by more than 10 percent. In that experiment they used larger transmitting coils
We expect to have much more of these embedded electronic devices in people over the next decade or so t
For example, many radar antennas are housed in spherical domes, which can collapse catastrophically in very high winds.
For years, Li-Shiuan Peh, the Singapore Research Professor of Electrical engineering and Computer science at MIT, has argued that the massively multicore chips of the future will need to resemble little Internets,
it also solves one of the problems that has bedeviled previous attempts to design networks-on-chip:
In today chips, all the cores typically somewhere between two and six are connected by a single wire,
In a network-on-chip, each core is connected only to those immediately adjacent to it. ou can reach your neighbors really quickly,
Every core on a chip has its own cache a local, high-speed memory bank in which it stores frequently used data.
Most chips address this question with a protocol called noopy, because it involves snooping on other corescommunications.
But in a network-on-chip data is flying everywhere, and packets will frequently arrive at different cores in different sequences.
and their colleagues solve this problem by equipping their chips with a second network, which shadows the first.
During each interval, the chip 36 cores are given different, hierarchical priorities. Say, for instance, that during one interval,
Cache coherence in multicore chips s a big problem, and it one that gets larger all the time,
in that theye built a working chip. I be surprised if these technologies didn find their way into commercial products.
After testing the prototype chips to ensure that theye operational Daya intends to load them with a version of the Linux operating system,
At that point, she plans to release the blueprints for the chip, written in the hardware description language Verilog,
Typically, leaks are found using aboveground acoustic sensors, which listen for faint sounds and vibrations caused by leakage,
or in-pipe detectors, which sometimes use video cameras to look for signs of pipe breaks. But all such systems are very slow
and can miss small leaks altogether. Now researchers at MIT and King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM) in Saudi arabia have devised a robotic system that can detect leaks at a rapid pace and with high accuracy by sensing a large pressure
That distortion can be detected by force-resistive sensors via a carefully designed mechanical system (similar to the sensors used in computer trackpads),
At present, the 3 mph top speed of the device is imposed by the propulsion motors, not the detector itself,
gathered through various sensors, actuators, and meters attached to equipment that measure functionality. Clockworks sifts through that massive store of data, measuring temperatures, pressures, flows, set points,
Liberating data By bringing all this data about building equipment to the cloud, the technology has plugged into the nternet of thingsa concept where objects would be connected, via embedded chips and other methods, to the Internet for inventory and other purposes.
as technology to monitor houses such as automated thermostats and other sensors begins to nlock the data in the residential scale,
Gayeski says, GS could adapt over time into that space, as well. o
#The incredible shrinking power brick While laptops continue to shrink in size and weight, the ower bricksthat charge them remain heavy and bulky.
you can reduce the amount of energy that you have to store temporarily in the inductors and capacitors
This could shrink the AC-DC power converters for products such as LED LIGHTS flat-screen TVS, gaming consoles, laptops, electric bikes,
the company set its sights on shrinking power converters for LED LIGHTS. About a year later,
where it then stored in inductors and capacitors and converted to DC voltage. The switches then flip to another state to deliver small chunks of the DC voltage to the battery,
before returning to their original state. Think of the electricity as water being transferred via bucket from a full tank to an empty tank
So the circuit uses resonance techniques (modifying how energy oscillates between inductors and capacitors) to minimize energy loss,
meaning the switches turn on and off more efficiently at higher frequencies. MIT: boon to us-Today, FINSIX which has raised more than $7 million in funding
which are like tiny liquid-crystal displays (LCDS) positioned between the light source and the lens. Patterns of light and dark on the first modulator effectively turn it into a bank of slightly angled light emitters that is,
One of the problems with LCD screens is that they don enable rue black A little light always leaks through even the darkest regions of the display. ormally you have contrast of,
which protects the system s electronics from lightning strikes will self-dock. Because the BAT is advanced an aerostat platform Glass says customers can use it to lift additional payloads such as weather monitoring and surveillance equipment.
and built a composite nacelle to hold our custom electronics and control systems Rein says. In 2012 Altaeros after just two years of refining proved the BAT s efficiency at 300 feet above ground at a former Air force base in Maine where the company still assembles
and design build electronics and circuit boards develop algorithms and test winches and cables Looking back Glass credits his undergraduate years on MIT s Solar Electrical Vehicle Team a student organization that builds and races solar
Like sonar or radar terahertz imaging produces an image by comparing measurements across an array of sensors.
since the distance between sensors is proportional to wavelength. In the latest issue of IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation researchers in MIT s Research Laboratory for Electronics describe a new technique that could reduce the number of sensors required for terahertz
or millimeter-wave imaging by a factor of 10 or even 100 making them more practical.
so that light reflected by a small patch of the visual scene strikes a correspondingly small patch of the sensor array.
In lower-frequency imaging systems by contrast an incoming wave whether electromagnetic or in the case of sonar acoustic strikes all of the sensors in the array.
and intensity of the wave by comparing its phase the alignment of its troughs and crests when it arrives at each of the sensors.
As long as the distance between sensors is no more than half the wavelength of the incoming wave that calculation is fairly straightforward a matter of inverting the sensors measurements.
But if the sensors are spaced farther than half a wavelength apart the inversion will yield more than one possible solution.
Those solutions will be spaced at regular angles around the sensor array a phenomenon known as spatial aliasing.
however any given circumference around the detector is populated usually sparsely. That s the phenomenon that the new system exploits.
Keeping every tenth sensor won t work: It s the regularity of the distances between sensors that leads to aliasing.
Arbitrarily varying the distances between sensors would solve that problem but it would also make inverting the sensors measurements calculating the wave s source and intensity prohibitively complicated.
Regular irregularityso Wornell and his co-authors James Krieger a former student of Wornell s who is now at MIT s Lincoln Laboratory
and Yuval Kochman a former postdoc who is now an assistant professor at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem
instead prescribe a detector along which the sensors are distributed in pairs. The regular spacing between pairs of sensors ensures that the scene reconstruction can be calculated efficiently but the distance from each sensor to the next remains irregular.
The researchers also developed an algorithm that determines the optimal pattern for the sensors distribution.
In essence the algorithm maximizes the number of different distances between arbitrary pairs of sensors. With his new colleagues at Lincoln Lab Krieger has performed experiments at radar frequencies using a one-dimensional array of sensors deployed in a parking lot
which verified the predictions of the theory. Moreover Wornell s description of the sparsity assumptions of the theory 10 percent occupation at a given distance means one-tenth the sensors applies to one-dimensional arrays.
Many applications such as submarines sonar systems instead use two-dimensional arrays and in that case the savings compound:
One-tenth the sensors in each of two dimensions translates to one-hundredth the sensors in the complete array.
James Preisig a researcher at the Woods hole oceanographic institution and principal at JP Analytics says that he s most interested in the new technique s ability to reduce the computational burden of high-resolution sonar imaging.
This technique helps significantly with the computational complexity of using signals from very large arrays Preisig says.
using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) along with a specialized molecular sensor. This is the first time anyone has been able to map neural signals with high precision over large brain regions in living animals,
the researchers used an MRI sensor they had designed previously, consisting of an iron-containing protein that acts as a weak magnet.
When the sensor binds to dopamine, its magnetic interactions with the surrounding tissue weaken, which dims the tissue MRI signal.
After delivering the MRI sensor to the ventral striatum of rats, Jasanoff team electrically stimulated the mesolimbic pathway
Jasanoff lab is also working on sensors to track other neurotransmitters, allowing them to study interactions between neurotransmitters during different tasks.
such as capacitors and inductors. Failing to account for the strength or weakness of each individual PV cell,
and earned a best technical presentation award at the 2014 Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, cosponsored by IEEE and the Power Sources Manufacturers Association.
and routing device that plugs into solar panels to power electronic devices, enabling a pay-as-you-go electricity system for people off the grid.
an EECS Phd student studying power electronics, said during the team pitch. t empowers users to build their own grid, from the ground up,
and its Mulciber Stove a woodstove equipped with sensors and a control system that automates burning.
which reclaims rare earth elements from recycled electronics to create other resources, and MIT team Belleds Technologies,
which is developing smart LED LIGHTS that can wirelessly connect to the Internet and change colors to match people moods p
and provides real-time data thanks to using exoelectrogens as sensors. hese bugs are generating electricity,
explains Buck, who invented Cambrian sensor technologies. With Ecovolt, Silver says, Cambrian aims to make treating
However a new sensor developed at MIT could change that: A research team led by professor Michael Cima has invented an injectable device that reveals oxygen levels over several weeks
Using this kind of sensor doctors may be able to better determine radiation doses and to monitor whether treatments are having the desired effect according to the researchers who describe the device in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences the week of April 21.
This is the first MRI sensor of any kind that can be left in the body for extended periods of time so far up to four weeks in testing with rats.
With the new MIT sensor doctors could track the state of the tumor and predict how it might respond to radiation treatment according to the researchers.
The new MRI sensor combines two forms of silicone a solid called PDMS and a substance known as DDMPS which has an oily consistency.
The researchers shaped this polymer into a 1. 5-millimeter sensor that could be implanted in tissue during a biopsy;
After injection these particles clump together to form a solid sensor. DDMPS absorbs molecular oxygen
To test the sensors the researchers implanted them in the hind legs of rats and then measured how the signal changed as the rats breathed pure oxygen regular air and pure oxygen again.
The sensors detected changes in oxygen pressure as small as 15 millimeters of mercury and it took less than 10 minutes to see the effects of a change in inhaled gas.
When the experiment was repeated four weeks later the sensors yielded the same results. Ralph Weissleder a professor at Harvard Medical school and director of the Massachusetts General Hospital Center for Molecular Imaging Research says this type of sensor is a novel way to potentially track how cancer patients
respond to treatment. The cancer field certainly needs something like this says Weissleder who was not part of the research team.
What s happening in a tumor This type of sensor could also be useful for monitoring blood flow in diabetic patients who often experience restricted circulation in their extremities
The researchers are now working on sensors that could be used to monitor other biological properties such as ph. We hope this is the first of many types of solid-state contrast agents where the material responds to its chemical environment in such a way that we can detect it by MRI Cima says.
Using battery-powered bionic propulsion two microprocessors and six environmental sensors adjust ankle stiffness power position
and damping thousands of times per second at two major positions: First at heel strike the system controls the ankle s stiffness to absorb shock
#Excitons observed in action for the first time A quasiparticle called an exciton responsible for the transfer of energy within devices such as solar cells LEDS
and semiconductor circuits has been understood theoretically for decades. But exciton movement within materials has never been observed directly.
This could enable research leading to significant advances in electronics they say as well as a better understanding of natural energy transfer processes such as photosynthesis. The research is described this week in the journal Nature Communications in a paper co-authored by MIT postdocs Gleb
The efficiency of devices such as photovoltaics and LEDS depends on how well excitons move within the material he adds.
For some applications such as LEDS Deotare says it is desirable to maximize this trapping so that energy is lost not to leakage;
and LEDS Baldo says. While these experiments were carried out using a material called tetracene a well-studied archetype of a molecular crystal the researchers say that the method should be applicable to almost any crystalline or thin-film material.
These illicit products which include electronics, automotive and aircraft parts, pharmaceuticals, and food can pose safety risks and cost governments and private companies hundreds of billions of dollars annually.
They could also be equipped with sensors that can ecordtheir environments noting for example, if a refrigerated vaccine has ever been exposed to temperatures too high or low.
This new approach could ultimately lead to advances in solar photovoltaics, detectors for telescopes and microscopes,
or diagnostic sensors says Timothy Lu an assistant professor of electrical engineering and biological engineering. Lu is the senior author of a paper describing the living functional materials in the March 23 issue of Nature Materials.
which gets you really rapid sensors, he says. A diagnostic pivot The assay is used today strictly for detection of bacteria.
Strano and the paper lead author, postdoc and plant biologist Juan Pablo Giraldo, envision turning plants into self-powered, photonic devices such as detectors for explosives or chemical weapons.
The researchers are also working on incorporating electronic devices into plants. he potential is really endless Strano says.
Lean green machines The researchers also showed that they could turn Arabidopsis thaliana plants into chemical sensors by delivering carbon nanotubes that detect the gas nitric oxide,
it alters the tube fluorescence. e could someday use these carbon nanotubes to make sensors that detect in real time, at the single-particle level,
By adapting the sensors to different targets, the researchers hope to develop plants that could be used to monitor environmental pollution,
and the polymer ring that protects the electronics in the fish s guts. The long haulthe fish can perform 20
Last month Fast Company ranked the startup No. 35 on its list of the world s 50 most innovative companies and third in energy-specific companies trailing only Tesla motors and General electric.
With rising innovations in batteries and advanced power inverters and motors Hynes backed into a technological solution with retrofitted electric powertrains.
however, require that a disk-shaped transmitter about an inch in diameter be affixed to the skull,
with a wire snaking down to a joint microphone and power source that looks like an oversized hearing aid around the patient ear.
Adaptive reuse Existing cochlear implants use an external microphone to gather sound, but the new implant would
instead use the natural microphone of the middle ear, which is almost always intact in cochlear-implant patients.
A middle-ear implant consists of a tiny sensor that detects the ossiclesvibrations and an actuator that helps drive the stapes accordingly.
The new device would use the same type of sensor but the signal it generates would travel to a microchip implanted in the ear,
which would convert it to an electrical signal and pass it on to an electrode in the cochlea.
Lowering the power requirements of the converter chip was the key to dispensing with the skull-mounted hardware.
Chandrakasan lab at MTL specializes in low-power chips, and the new converter deploys several of the tricks that the lab has developed over the years,
such as tailoring the arrangement of low-power filters and amplifiers to the precise acoustic properties of the incoming signal.
But Chandrakasan and his colleagues also developed a new signal-generating circuit that reduces the chip power consumption by an additional 20 to 30 percent.
The key was to specify a new waveform the basic electrical signal emitted by the chip,
Heidi Nakajima, the researchers have demonstrated also that the chip and sensor are able to pick up
and process speech played into a the middle ear of a human cadaver. t very cool,
Another imaging technique, known as magnetoencephalography (MEG), uses an array of hundreds of sensors encircling the head to measure magnetic fields produced by neuronal activity in the brain.
These sensors offer a dynamic portrait of brain activity over time, down to the millisecond, but do not tell the precise location of the signals.
The research was funded by grants from Xerox Google Facebook and the Office of Naval Research h
In this week s issue of the journal Science researchers from MIT s Research Laboratory of Electronics (RLE) describe a new lidar-like system that can gauge depth
and therefore accumulate less charge in the detector while brighter regions would reflect more light
The technique known as raster scanning is how old cathode ray tube-tube televisions produced images illuminating one phosphor dot on the screen at a time.
Filtering out noisethe photon registered by the detector could however be a stray photodetection generated by background light.
could be used in medical imaging and collision-avoidance detectors for cars, and to improve the accuracy of motion tracking
which the location of objects is calculated by how long it takes a light signal to reflect off a surface and return to the sensor.
This allows the team to use inexpensive hardware off-the-shelf light-emitting diodes (LEDS) can strobe at nanosecond periods,
Conventional cameras see an average of the light arriving at the sensor, much like the human eye, says James Davis, an associate professor of computer science at the University of California at Santa cruz. In contrast,
#Creating synthetic antibodies MIT chemical engineers have developed a novel way to generate nanoparticles that can recognize specific molecules, opening up a new approach to building durable sensors for many different compounds
In the past, researchers have exploited this phenomenon to create sensors by coating the nanotubes with molecules, such as natural antibodies, that bind to a particular target.
The MIT team found that they could create novel sensors by coating the nanotubes with specifically designed amphiphilic polymers polymers that are drawn to both oil and water, like soap.
and could be used to create sensors to monitor diseases such as cancer, inflammation, or diabetes in living systems. his new technique gives us an unprecedented ability to recognize any target molecule by screening nanotube-polymer complexes to create synthetic analogs to antibody function,
says Michael Strano, the Carbon P. Dubbs Professor of Chemical engineering at MIT and senior author of the study,
Synthetic antibodies The new polymer-based sensors offer a synthetic design approach to the production of molecular recognition sites enabling, among other applications, the detection of a potentially infinite library of targets.
Moreover, this approach can provide a more durable alternative to coating sensors such as carbon nanotubes with actual antibodies,
In the new paper, the researchers describe molecular recognition sites that enable the creation of sensors specific to riboflavin, estradiol (a form of estrogen),
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