Energy storage lies in swapping the conventional electrode materialraphiteor a thin sheet of lithium-metal foil
Their research holds the promise of building dramatically faster, smaller and more efficient computer chips.
The first-of-their-kind devices developed by Akinwande and his teamrely on the thinnest of any semiconductor material, a longstanding dream of the chip industry,
and could pave the way for future generations of faster, energy-efficient computer chips. Their work was published this week in the journal Nature Nanotechnology.
another atom-thick material with promise for chip development, researchers speculated that silicon atoms could be structured in a broadly similar way.
They were then able to gently scrape some of the silver to leave behind two islands of metal as electrodes, with a strip of silicene between them.
which may lead to low energy, high-speed digital computer chips p
#Graphene displays clear prospects for flexible electronics Published in the scientific journal Nature Materials, University of Manchester and University of Sheffield researchers show that new 2d esigner materialscan be produced to create flexible, see-through and more efficient electronic devices.
The team, led by Nobel laureate Sir Kostya Novoselov, made the breakthrough by creating LEDS which were engineered on an atomic level.
The trick is getting the electron spins in the NV centers to hold onto the stable spin states long enough to perform these logic gate operationsnd being able to transfer information among the individual memory elements to create actual computing networks
The overhead view of a new beamsplitter for silicon photonics chips that is the size of one-fiftieth the width of a human hair.
By shrinking them down in size, researchers will be able to cram millions of these devices on a single chip.
about 20 nanometers in size the same size range as the smallest features that can now be produced in microchips.
This could lead to chips that combine optical and electronic components in a single device, with far lower losses than when such devices are made separately and then interconnected,
As a solution, earlier neuroprosthetic implants used tiny electrodes to detect and record movement signals at their last stop before reaching the spinal cord:
The surgeons implanted a pair of small electrode arrays in two parts of the PPC of a quadriplegic patient.
Each array contains 96 active electrodes that, in turn, each record the activity of a single neuron in the PPC.
Combining the best elements of lithium ion batteries the most common power sources in consumer electronics with supercapacitators (a relatively new type of battery valued for its capacity to discharge energy in large bursts) has been one of the focal point of much recent
Yu and his team attribute the battery stellar performance in large part to its liquid electrode design. he ions can move through the liquid battery very rapidly compared to in a solid battery,
and the redox reactions in which the electrons are transferred between electrodes also occur at very high rates in this particular battery.
#A new kind of wood chip: collaboration could lead to biodegradable computer chips Portable electronics typically made of nonrenewable,
non-biodegradable and potentially toxic materials are discarded at an alarming rate in consumerspursuit of the next best electronic gadget.
In an effort to alleviate the environmental burden of electronic devices, a team of University of Wisconsin-Madison researchers has collaborated with researchers in the Madison-based U s. Department of agriculture Forest Products Laboratory (FPL) to develop a surprising solution:
A cellulose nanofibril (CNF) computer chip rests on a leaf. Image credit: Yei Hwan Jung, Wisconsin Nano Engineering Device Laboratory A cellulose nanofibril (CNF) computer chip rests on a leaf.
Image credit: Yei Hwan Jung, Wisconsin Nano Engineering Device Laboratory The research team, led by UW-Madison electrical
or support layer, of a computer chip, with cellulose nanofibril (CNF), a flexible, biodegradable material made from wood. he majority of material in a chip is support.
Ma says. ow the chips are so safe you can put them in the forest
CNF offers many benefits over current chip substrates, she says. he advantage of CNF over other polymers is that it a bio-based material and most other polymers are based petroleum polymers.
The group work also demonstrates a more environmentally friendly process that showed performance similar to existing chips.
The majority of today wireless devices use gallium arsenide-based microwave chips due to their superior high-frequency operation and power handling capabilities.
500 gallium arsenide transistors in a 5-by-6 millimeter chip. Typically for a microwave chip that size,
and make a completely functional circuit with performance comparable to existing chips. While the biodegradability of these materials will have a positive impact on the environment,
Ma says the flexibility of the technology can lead to widespread adoption of these electronic chips. ass-producing current semiconductor chips is so cheap,
The devices can also be made to degrade in steps encasing individual components of the electric circuit in waxes with different melting temperatures could create possibilities for sophisticated devices that can sense something in the environment
Triggering a device of this kind is achieved through a radio-frequency receiver which the end user manipulates to send a signal to an inductive heating coil within the device that melts the wax and releases the acid.
#Taking remote control of your electricity Householders may soon be able to keep real-time track of their electricity usage
The system uses cloud-based software and mini smart meters that look just like the regular circuit breakers found in your meter box.
#Injectable electronics New system holds promise for basic neuroscience, treatment of neurodegenerative diseasesit a notion that might be pulled from the pages of science-fiction novel electronic devices that can be injected directly into the brain,
Once connected to electronic devices the scaffolds can be used to monitor neural activity, stimulate tissues and even promote regenerations of neurons.
The process is used similar to that to etch microchips, and begins with a dissolvable layer deposited on a substrate.
which means reducing power and cooling requirements for electronic devices. f silicene could be used to build electronic devices,
The next step will be to integrate it into electronic devices and test its usefulness for specific applications. he challenge is to make large-scale
and high-quality silicene layers that are large enough for integrated circuits, Dr Du said. here is also work to be done in developing ways to peel
as well as embed electrodes in it. s
#Building a Better Grunt: New Technology to Lighten Marinesloads Modern-day warfighters face heavyiterallydds on the battlefield,
creating microfluidic channels to control the movement of liquids inside a chemical or biological detector,
conductive robot could act as a sensor. Contact with other objects whether chemical accretions in a mechanical system or microorganisms or cells in the body would disrupt a current passing through the robot in a characteristic way,
#Revolutionary New High-speed Infrared detector Sees First Light The first prototype of a new generation of fast and very sensitive detectors has been installed successfully on the PIONIER instrument at ESO Paranal Observatory.
Unlike most of the commercially available detectors, RAPID can spot photons (light particles) of both visible and infrared light (wavelengths from 0. 4. 6 micrometres.
PIONIER was chosen as its interferometric combination of light requires a very fast detector to fight against atmospheric turbulence,
and the detector was exploited then immediately for purely scientific pursuits. t is an historic moment
he former detector on PIONIER is more than 20 years old and was considered still among the best of its type.
Every photon arriving into the detector is converted into many more than one electron, therefore easing its detection.
The avalanche effect is obtained without having to cool the detector to extremely low temperatures avoiding the use of a complex cooling system,
which considerably simplifies the detector packaging and operations. As an example, it took only two days for the team to install this brand new revolutionary camera inside PIONIER i
Such sensors do not require a lot of power few microwatts would be enough. This device would be a great leap forward in cheap medical devices for underdeveloped countries, where simple medical care,
Such simple and cost effective device could change how we look at batteries for variety of different sensors.
#Research Simplifies Recycling of Rare-earth Magnets Despite their ubiquity in consumer electronics, rare-earth metals are,
However, these approaches involve mechanical sensors and pumps, with needle-tipped catheters that have to be stuck under the skin
In this so-called low battery, the electrodes are suspensions of tiny particles carried by a liquid
while the electrode material does not flow, it is composed of a similar semisolid, colloidal suspension of particles.
e realized that a better way to make use of this flowable electrode technology was to reinvent the lithium ion manufacturing process.
the new process keeps the electrode material in a liquid state and requires no drying stage at all.
thicker electrodes, the system reduces the conventional battery architecture number of distinct layers, as well as the amount of nonfunctional material in the structure, by 80 percent.
Having the electrode in the form of tiny suspended particles instead of consolidated slabs greatly reduces the path length for charged particles as they move through the material a property known as ortuosity.
A less tortuous path makes it possible to use thicker electrodes, which, in turn, simplifies production
While conventional lithium-ion batteries are composed of brittle electrodes that can crack under stress, the new formulation produces battery cells that can be bent,
Furst and Barton started with two arrays of gold electrodes one atop the other embedded in Teflon blocks
They attached strands of DNA to the lower electrodes, then added the broken-down contents of a tissue sample to the solution well.
When they applied a current to the lower electrodes the samples with DNMT1 activity passed the current clear through to the upper electrodes,
where the activity could be measured. o methylation means cutting, which means the signal turns off,
have used this new technique to create the first transparent and flexible touch-sensor that could enable the development of artificial skin for use in robot manufacturing.
The research team used this new technique to create the first graphene-based transparent and flexible touch sensor.
The team believes that the sensors can be used not just to create more flexible electronics
and still be deciphered accurately by a receiver. Photonics researchers at the University of California, San diego have increased the maximum power
the researchers at UC San diego successfully deciphered information after it travelled a record-breaking 12,000 kilometers through fiber optic cables with standard amplifiers and no repeaters,
so the receiver is caused free of crosstalk by the Kerr effect. Pitch Perfect Data transmission The UC San diego researchersapproach is akin to a concert master who tunes multiple instruments in an orchestra to the same pitch at the beginning of a concert.
The frequency comb ensured that the system did not accumulate the random distortions that make it impossible to reassemble the original content at the receiver.
The technology is depending on an electrode integrated into a segment of the tire. When it comes into contact with the ground,
Engineers attached an electrode to the tires of the toy car and watched the LED LIGHTS as the car was rolling forward
and they flashed on and off as electrodes came with contact with the surface. The friction was strong enough for the electrodes to harvest enough energy to power the lights,
which means that scientists confirmed the idea that wasted friction energy can be collected and reused.
he interface between two different materials is very important in determining the performance and efficiency of electronic devices.
Discovery of single-crystal silicon the semiconductor in every integrated circuit made the electronics revolution possible.
He said it would be a matter of simply adding software to computers to connect them with LED transmitters. his is not a replacement for wi-fi;
You don need a separate transmitter because you are not using radio waves. And because it does not use radio waves,
The way hearing aids today work is basically that a microphone picks up sound and transmits it to a loadspeaker
but instead the waves were transmitted to a receiver worn around the neck. 2. 4 GHZ technology
making hearing aids capable of picking up signals directly by means of antennas. Therefore, there was no need for an external recipient.
As part of the development, the team also began exploring ways to optimize the signal between the antennas in the left and right hearing aids.
together with Jesper Thaysen, have developed the antenna technology used in GN Resound ear-to-ear hearing aids today.
The team has produced various types of antenna systems capable of optimizing the so-called creeping radio waves to reduce the loss of sound data transmitted from the right hearing aid to the left.
They used a mannequin head called SAM (Specific Anthropomorphic Mannequin) to test the antennas. Subsequently, they designed a computer model of the head
The calculations enabled us to understand how to design the actual antenna to ensure the best possible match for this type of hearing aid,
physicists have used graphene to build lightweight ultrasonic loudspeakers and microphones, enabling people to mimic bats
a common Northern California species of bat recorded with the new ultrasonic microphone. Image credit:
we have not had good wideband ultrasound transmitters or receivers. These new devices are a technology opportunity. peakers and microphones both use diaphragms,
typically made of paper or plastic, that vibrate to produce or detect sound, respectively. The diaphragms in the new devices are graphene sheets a mere one atom thick that have the right combination of stiffness
The grapheme loudspeakers and microphones operate from well below 20 hertz to over 500 kilohertz.
and Berkeley Lab. he microphone and loudspeaker are some of the closest devices to commercial viability,
UC Berkeley postdoctoral fellow Qin Zhou and colleagues describe their graphene microphone and ultrasonic radio in a paper appearing online this week in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
and since then has been developing the electronic circuitry to build a microphone with a similar graphene diaphragm.
called graphene (black mesh), provides the vibrating diaphragm for both an ultrasonic microphone and loudspeaker.
UC Berkeleyone big advantage of graphene is that the atom-thick sheet is so lightweight that it responds immediately to an electronic pulse, unlike today piezoelectric microphones and speakers.
when using ultrasonic transmitters and receivers to transmit large amounts of information through many different frequency channels simultaneously,
or to measure distance, as in sonar applications. ecause our membrane is so light, it has an extremely wide frequency response
whereas today conventional loudspeakers and headphones convert only 8 percent into sound. Zettl anticipates that in the future,
Bat chirps When Zhou told his wife, Jinglin Zheng, about the ultrasound microphone, she suggested he try to capture the sound of bats chirping at frequencies too high for humans to hear.
So they hauled the microphone to a park in Livermore and turned it on. When they slowed down the recording to one-tenth normal speed,
hese new microphones will be incredibly valuable for studying auditory signals at high frequencies, such as the ones used by bats.
and will permit a detailed study of the auditory pulses that are used by bats. ettl noted that audiophiles would also appreciate the graphene loudspeakers and headphones,
which is a transmitter. The research result was published in the June 2015 on-line issue of IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,
which is entitled ix Degrees of Freedom Mobile Inductive Power Transfer by Crossed Dipole Tx (Transmitter) and Rx (Receiver) Coils.
flat transmitter (Tx) system shaped in a rectangle with a size of 1m2. Either 30 smartphones with a power capacity of one watt each or 5 laptops with 2. 4 watts each can be simultaneously
and wirelessly charged at a 50 cm distance from the transmitter with six degrees of freedom, regardless of the devicesthree-axes positions and directions.
This means that the device can receive power all around the transmitter in three-dimensional space.
because the devices still require close contact with the transmitter, a charging pad. To use the devices freely and safely
ur transmitter system is safe for humans and compatible with other electronic devices. We have solved three major issues of short charging distance,
unique wearable electronic devices, Hinestroza said. Taking advantage of cotton irregular topography, Hinestroza and his students added conformal coatings of gold nanoparticles,
but inside the clear chip lies the potential to improve how medicine and medical research is done. f you can integrate
and automate an analysis technique into a chip, it opens doors to great applications, said Janssen, a postdoctoral researcher in the Sumita Pennathur Lab at UC Santa barbara. With only a minimal amount of human plasma,
the Omnisense nanofluidic chip he is developing is the heart of a device that can assist in the swift and accurate diagnosis of bacterial
Janssen focus is currently on developing a nucleic acid amplification test on a chip, technology that could, in real time,
explaining that the chip would need less energy and that obtaining results would require fewer steps than other methods.
SARS or MERS, could also benefit from the user friendly chip and its rapid results. is award is truly helping our lab become translational,
or implants is that the interface between the electronic device and the tissue or organ is not robust,
researchers at MIT unveil a series of sensors, memory switches, and circuits that can be encoded in the common human gut bacterium Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron.
we built four sensors that can be encoded in the bacterium DNA that respond to a signal to switch genes on and off inside B. thetaiotaomicron,
This material also has possibilities for use for advanced electronic devices such as pressure-sensitive sheets, reusable heating pads, pressure-sensitive conductivity sensors, electric current driven type resistance random access memory (Reram
and an electrical gate electrode to modulate the current flow through the channel. In atomic-scale transistors, this current is extremely sensitive to single electrons hopping via discrete energy levels.
similar to the working principle of a quantum dot gated by an external electrode. In our case, the charged atoms nearby provide the electrostatic gate potential that regulates the electron flow
NEC installs high-precision sensors that measure vibrations of water pipes to collect data on leaks in a community water system.
The data from the sensors is collected via networks and analyzed remotely through the cloud and then can be used to identify the locations of water leaks.
the NEC team installed a series of 33 sensors at two main sites in the Arlington water system.
Only three thin, additional layers are applied on top of standard LCD panels. Low power consumption: The system requires only small amount of electricity or computational power for its operation.
The primary power consumption is from a special LCD shutter that creates the 3d viewing experience.
The SSE screen consists of three thin layers on top of a standard LCD screen: a rear-facing lenticular, an LCD shutter and a front-facing lenticular.
While enabling the multi-angle display of 3d images, SSE technology preserves the full native screen resolution of the primary LCD screen.
It requires no complicated holography equipment and takes up roughly the same space as a traditional screen.
and other UC Berkeley researchers publicly debuted a system of beating human heart cells on a chip that could be used to screen for drug toxicity.
However, that heart-on-a-chip device used pre-differentiated cardiac cells to mimic adult-like tissue structure.
and the excellent precision of our detector, we have examined all possibilities for these signals, and conclude that they can only be explained by pentaquark states,
Batteries consist of one electrode on either side an anode and a cathode and an electrolyte between them.
or conductive into the resonance chamber, meaning it very difficult to look at transistors or other electronic devices.
we can imagine seeing atom-sized defects in chips, says Campbell, an electrical engineer whose work often concerns the semiconductor industry. ut wee also excited for the huge number of people who can now use this technique in chemistry and biology.
In all of the experiments, the mice were about three feet away from the command antenna. his is the kind of revolutionary tool development that neuroscientists need to map out brain circuit activity
it took graphene to also make it sensitive to cancer. e showed experimentally that simply the addition of graphene led to a clear increase in the sensor signal, aid Dr. Georg Duesberg,
since it can be adapted to almost any type of disease markers. ven though the SPR sensor is not the only method scientists are currently developing for cancer screening,
The sensor has shown yet its value in detecting cholera without error, and, as the authors wrote in the current study,
Fibers and cables derived from the invention might one day be used as interconnects for super-elastic electronic circuits;
giant-range strain sensors; failure-free pacemaker leads; and super-stretchy charger cords for electronic devices.
In a study published in the July 24 issue of the journalscience, the scientists describe how they constructed the fibers by wrapping lighter-than-air,
the researchers made strain sensors and artificial muscles in which the buckled nanotube sheaths serve as electrodes
and the thin rubber layer is a dielectric, resulting in a fiber capacitor. These fiber capacitors exhibited a capacitance change of 860 percent
when the fiber was stretched 950 percent. o presently available material-based strain sensor can operate over nearly as large a strain range,
along with a seed grant from Virginia Tech Institute for Critical Technology and Applied science, funded this work. he use of a packed bed of beads for Chip allowed us to collect the chromatin fragments with a very high efficiency.
The entire MOWCHIP process takes about 90 minutes as opposed to many hours that conventional Chip assays took.
But if microchips could use photons instead of electrons to process and transmit data, computers could operate even faster.
they are too energy-hungry and unwieldy to integrate into computer chips. Duke university researchers are now one step closer to such a light source.
This so-called plasmonic device could one day be used in optical computing chips or for optical communication between traditional electronic microchips. his is something that the scientific community has wanted to do for a long time,
said Maiken Mikkelsen, an assistant professor of electrical and computer engineering and physics at Duke. e can now start to think about making fast-switching devices based on this research, so there a lot of excitement about this demonstration. leb Akselrod, Maiken Mikkelsen,
are used widely for computer chips or for light generation in telecommunication systems. They have interesting optical properties
Researchers placed electrodes at strategic points on the skin, at the lower back and near the tailbone and then administered a unique pattern of electrical currents.
The strategy, called transcutaneous stimulation, delivers electrical current to the spinal cord by way of electrodes strategically placed on the skin of the lower back.
while receiving electrical stimulation to his spinal cord via electrodes placed on his back. The subject legs are supported in braces
The electrodes on his legs are used for recording muscle activity. Image credit: Edgerton laboratory/UCLAIN the study, the men movements occurred
Sensors in the headset allow the device to figure out how to present virtual objects so they fit in with the real world.
#Injectable Implants Could Help Crack the Brain Codes A new type of flexible electronic device shows promise for long-term brain mapping
Recording them requires inserting electrodes into the tissue. But the rigid devices traditionally used to record these signals,
Now researchers have shown that a new type of flexible electronic device which can be delivered via injection,
The therapy involves inserting electrodes into certain regions of the brain and producing electrical pulses meant to regulate abnormal ones.
Existing implantable electrodes are too large and rigid, and this echanical mismatchleads to tissue damage and immune response,
In recent years, a lot of progress has been made in research labs toward designing new kinds of implantable electronic devices made of more flexible
and, according to the researchers, the mesh is several orders of magnitude more flexible than any previous implantable electronic device.
and also house electronic sensors for taking measurements from those cells. That demonstration suggested that the technology was potentially useful for measuring cellular activity.
Tiny electronic devices, such as sensors and electrode stimulators, can be built into it. A scaffold that is a centimeter and a half in width can fold into a size small enough to be injectable through a needle
which predicts that the number of transistors on a chip doubles every two years, has held steady since 1975.
One way the consumer electronics industry is trying to fix this is by aligning with wireless charging technologies like Qi and Rezence.
because it doing the harvesting so close to the transmitting antenna in the phone. Eventually, he hopes to fit the technology into the phone itself;
Coming changes to the design of the chips and software on mobile devices will make it easier and more powerful.
Mobile-chip maker Qualcomm has shown off a camera app with artificial neural networks inside that can recognize some objects
The company future chip designs are being tweaked to make it easier to make apps like that (see martphones Will Soon Learn to Recognize Faces
and cars (see ilicon Chips That See Are Going to Make Your Smartphone Brilliant S
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