we've demonstrated that we can make all the universal logic gates used in electronics, simply by changing the layout of the bars on the chip,
"said Katsikis.""The actual design space in our platform is incredibly rich. Give us any Boolean logic circuit in the world,
and demonstrates building blocks for synchronous logic gates, feedback and cascadability--hallmarks of scalable computation. A simple-state machine including 1-bit memory storage (known as"flip-flop")is demonstrated also using the above basic building blocks.
Arraythe current chips are about half the size of a postage stamp, and the droplets are smaller than poppy seeds,
and do more number of operations on a chip, "said graduate student and co-author Jim Cybulski."
serving as a kind of thermostat to ensure that proper levels are maintained.''Precisely controlling glucose transport is critical to health,
MEMS are fabricated microscale devices using silicon wafers in facilities that make integrated circuits. The MEMS device acts as an ultrafast mirror reflecting X-rays at precise times and specific angles."
#Comprehensive know-how and the full value chain, from technology development to complete systems Arraythe FBH develops the LED TECHNOLOGY in the UV-B and UV-C spectral range from the chip to the final
which are defined by gratings implemented into the semiconductor chip. Wavelength selection is realized by separately addressable sections within the laser.
With these FBH tiny monolithic light sources on chip level, a compact SERDS measurement head that is only as small as a laser pointer was realized for the first time.
The potential of NDR lies in low voltage electronic circuits that could be operated at high frequency.""Theory suggests that stacking two-dimensional layers of different materials one atop the other can lead to new materials with new phenomena,
they consulted an expert in nanoscale electronic devices, Suman Datta, who told them they were seeing a 2d version of a resonant tunneling diode,
"Coauthor Robert Wallace of the University of Texas at Dallas says this collaborative work represents an important achievement in the realization of useful 2d integrated circuits."
'Many previous studies have indicated that AIM2 contributes to the immune system by acting as a pathogen sensor,
based on studies from Kanneganti's lab and others indicating that microbial sensors similar to AIM2 contributed to healthy gut microbiota.
This is a procedure where the inside of the body is examined using a probe with a light source and video camera at the end via the mouth and down the gullet.
The researchers hope to use the findings from the clinical trial to create a sensor device that can signal to clinicians
A conventional water-splitting device consists of two electrodes submerged in a water-based electrolyte.
A low-voltage current applied to the electrodes drives a catalytic reaction that separates molecules of H2o, releasing bubbles of hydrogen on one electrode and oxygen on the other.
Each electrode is embedded with a different catalyst typically platinum and iridium, two rare and costly metals.
for both electrodes,'said graduate student Haotian Wang, lead author of the study.''This bifunctional catalyst can split water continuously for more than a week with a steady input of just 1. 5 volts of electricity.
'Arrayto find catalytic material suitable for both electrodes, the Stanford team borrowed a technique used in battery research called lithium-induced electrochemical tuning.
In this so-called"flow battery,"the electrodes are suspensions of tiny particles carried by a liquid and pumped through various compartments of the battery.
while the electrode material does not flow, it is composed of a similar semisolid, colloidal suspension of particles.
"We realized that a better way to make use of this flowable electrode technology was to reinvent the lithium ion manufacturing process."
the new process keeps the electrode material in a liquid state and requires no drying stage at all.
Using fewer, thicker electrodes, the system reduces the conventional battery architecture's number of distinct layers,
Having the electrode in the form of tiny suspended particles instead of consolidated slabs greatly reduces the path length for charged particles as they move through the material--a property known as"tortuosity."
"A less tortuous path makes it possible to use thicker electrodes, which, in turn, simplifies production
While conventional lithium-ion batteries are composed of brittle electrodes that can crack under stress, the new formulation produces battery cells that can be bent,
The system uses a miniature video camera stored in the patient's glasses to send visual information to a small computerized video processing unit which can be stored in a pocket.
This computer turns the image to electronic signals that are sent wirelessly to an electronic device implanted on the retina
or possibly a remote control, new and exciting opportunities for future research and treatment of neurological disorders can be envisaged."
Magnetic sensor 100 times more sensitive than silicon equivalent Scientists have created a graphene-based magnetic sensor 100 times more sensitive than an equivalent device based on silicon.
Bosch has long been involved in sensor technology, notably in the automotive sector. In 2008, the company expanded beyond its pressure, acceleration and gyroscopic motion sensors, to geomagnetic, temperature, humidity,
air quality and sound pressure devices, including for use in consumer electronics devices such as mobile phones. Interested in whether graphene could enable new applications and improved sensor performance,
Bosch has been investigating the use of the two-dimensional material in its pressure, magnetic, humidity, gas and sound pressure devices.
The first step was to look at fabrication methods. Top-down approaches to graphene device fabrication such as mechanical and chemical exfoliation would not work on a commercial scale,
Roelver cautioned that graphene-based sensor applications will require 5-10 years before they can compete with established technologies.
who in the case of their magnetic sensor settled on hexagonal boron nitride. This is for reasons of both cost and technical performance.
Bosch's magnetic sensors are based on the Hall effect, in which a magnetic field induces a Lorentz force on moving electric charge carriers, leading to deflection and a measurable Hall voltage.
Sensor performance is defined by two parameters:(1) sensitivity, which depends on the number of charge carriers,
In short, graphene provides for a high-performance magnetic sensor with low power and footprint requirements. In terms of hard numbers
the result shown by Roelver centred on a direct comparison between the sensitivity of a silicon-based Hall sensor with that of the Bosch-MPI graphene device.
The silicon sensor has a sensitivity of 70 volts per amp-tesla, whereas with the boron nitride and graphene device the figure is 7, 000.
#Ultrasonic fingerprint sensor may take smartphone security to new level A new ultrasonic fingerprint sensor measures 3-D image of your finger's surface
Fingerprint sensor technology currently used in smartphones like the iphone 6 produces a two-dimensional image of a finger's surface,
A newly developed ultrasonic sensor eliminates that risk by imaging the ridges and valleys of the fingerprint's surface,
Davis. He is a director of the Berkeley Sensor and Actuator Center, which is located on the campuses of UC Davis and the University of California,
"After Apple announced a fingerprint sensor in their new iphone in 2013, it was inevitable that more would follow,
when the teams at the Berkeley Sensor and Actuator Center collaborated to initiate research into piezoelectric-micromachined ultrasonic transducers (PMUTS)."
"Transducers on the chip's surface emit a pulse of ultrasound, and these same transducers receive echoes returning from the ridges and valleys of your fingerprint's surface."
"The basis for the ultrasound sensor is an array of MEMS ultrasound devices with highly uniform characteristics,
which smartphones rely on for such functions as microphones and directional orientation. They used a modified version of the manufacturing process used to make the MEMS accelerometer
and gyroscope found in the iphone and many other consumer electronics devices.""Our chip is fabricated from two wafers--a MEMS wafer that contains the ultrasound transducers
and a CMOS wafer that contains the signal processing circuitry, "explained Horsley.""These wafers are bonded together,
"CMOS, or complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor, is based the silicon technology used to make transistors in microchips.
high-volume manufacturing processes that produce hundreds of millions of MEMS sensors for consumer electronics each year,
our ultrasound chips can be manufactured at an extremely low cost, "he said. The imager is powered by a 1. 8-Volt power supply,
and the receiver electronics are located directly beneath the array, which results in low electrical parasitics,"Horsley noted."
"Using low-voltage integrated circuits will reduce the cost of our sensor and open up myriad new applications where the cost, size,
and power consumption of existing ultrasound sensors are currently prohibitive.""Within the realm of biometrics and information security, the group's work is particularly significant,
"Our ultrasonic fingerprint sensors have the ability to measure a three-dimensional, volumetric image of the finger surface and the tissues beneath the surface--making fingerprint sensors more robust and secure."
"Beyond biometrics and information security purposes, the new technology is expected to find many other applications, including"low-cost ultrasound as a medical diagnostic tool or for personal health monitoring,
This work opens the door for green, low-cost, portable electronic devices in future. Array"We found that cellulose nanofibrillated fiber based transistors exhibit superior performance as that of conventional silicon-based transistors,
"It can be anticipated that future electronic chips and portable devices will be much greener and cheaper than that of today."
when they are separated from one another on a chip. This research could contribute to the creation of futuristic quantum networks operating using quantum teleportation,
which could allow information contained in quantum bits-qubits-to be shared between many elements on chip,
"The quantum dots, each around 100 nanometers in size, were grown at random positions on a semiconductor chip.
This chip was examined painstakingly using an atomic force microscope to discover pairs of dots that were close enough that they might function properly."
albeit more complex, device to prepare entangled electron pairs to teleport qubit states across a chip."
#Faster detection of hidden objects by terahertz sensor Called'Q-Eye',the invention senses radiation across the spectrum between microwaves and infrared, known as the Terahertz (THZ) region of the spectrum
when electromagnetic radiation emitted by an object is absorbed by the Q-Eye sensor, even down to the level of very small packets of quantum energy (a single photon).
and detection performance and our initial calculations indicated world-beating detector capability--all this and using silicon."
large numbers of detector chips containing designs matched to a particular application can easily be fabricated on large (300mm) wafers with great uniformity,
This revolutionary e-cooling process is the secret to Q-Eye sensor's exceptional performance
physicists have used graphene to build lightweight ultrasonic loudspeakers and microphones, enabling people to mimic bats
"Until now, we have not had good wideband ultrasound transmitters or receivers. These new devices are a technology opportunity."
"Speakers and microphones both use diaphragms, typically made of paper or plastic, that vibrate to produce
The grapheme loudspeakers and microphones operate from well below 20 hertz to over 500 kilohertz.
and Berkeley Lab."The microphone and loudspeaker are some of the closest devices to commercial viability,
and since then has been developing the electronic circuitry to build a microphone with a similar graphene diaphragm.
One big advantage of graphene is that the atom-thick sheet is so lightweight that it responds well to the different frequencies of an electronic pulse, unlike today's piezoelectric microphones and speakers.
when using ultrasonic transmitters and receivers to transmit large amounts of information through many different frequency channels simultaneously,
or to measure distance, as in sonar applications.""Because our membrane is so light, it has an extremely wide frequency response
whereas today's conventional loudspeakers and headphones convert only 8 percent into sound. Zettl anticipates that in the future,
Arraywhen Zhou told his wife, Jinglin Zheng, about the ultrasound microphone, she suggested he try to capture the sound of bats chirping at frequencies too high for humans to hear.
So they hauled the microphone to a park in Livermore and turned it on. When they slowed down the recording to one-tenth normal speed,
,"These new microphones will be incredibly valuable for studying auditory signals at high frequencies, such as the ones used by bats.
"Zettl noted that audiophiles would also appreciate the graphene loudspeakers and headphones, which have a flat response across the entire audible frequency range."
which is a transmitter. A group of researchers at KAIST has developed a wireless-power transfer (WPT) technology that allows mobile devices to be charged at any location and in any direction,
flat transmitter (Tx) system shaped in a rectangle with a size of 1m2. Either 30 smartphones with a power capacity of one watt each or 5 laptops with 2. 4 watts each can be simultaneously
and wirelessly charged at a 50 cm distance from the transmitter with six degrees of freedom, regardless of the devices'three-axes positions and directions.
This means that the device can receive power all around the transmitter in three-dimensional space.
because the devices still require close contact with the transmitter, a charging pad. To use the devices freely
"Our transmitter system is safe for humans and compatible with other electronic devices. We have solved three major issues of short charging distance,
"One of the major hurdles in the area of bioelectronics or implants is that the interface between the electronic device
WATCH requires no coordination with or changes to legacy TV transmitters. Instead TV signals are broadcast as normal
Discovery of single-crystal silicon--the semiconductor in every integrated circuit--made the electronics revolution possible.
#Noninvasive device could end daily finger pricking for people with diabetes A new laser sensor that monitors blood glucose levels without penetrating the skin could transform the lives of millions of people living with diabetes.
which use implanted sensors that need regular replacement. Professor Jose said:""Unlike the traditional method, this new noninvasive technology can constantly monitor blood glucose levels."
"The glass used in our sensors is hardwearing, acting in a similar way as that used in smartphones.
#Transparent, electrically conductive network of encapsulated silver nanowires The electrodes for connections on the"sunny side"of a solar cell need to be not just electrically conductive,
but transparent As well as a result, electrodes are made currently either by using thin strips of silver in the form of a coarse-meshed grid squeegeed onto a surface,
and entirely devoid of indium to produce a technologically intriguing electrode. The doctoral student initially made a suspension of silver nanowires in ethanol using wet-chemistry techniques.
Quality map calculated Measurements of the electrical conductivity showed that the newly developed composite electrode is comparable to a conventional silver grid electrode.
and predict the electrical conductivity of the electrodes from them.""We are investigating where a given continuous conductive path of nanowires is interrupted to see where the network is not yet optimum,
Even with high-performance computers, it still initially took nearly five days to calculate a good"quality map"of the electrode.
"The image analysis has given us valuable clues about where we need to concentrate our efforts to increase the performance of the electrode,
Practical aternative to conventional electrodes"We have developed a practical, cost-effective alternative to conventional screen-printed grid electrodes and to the common ITO type that is threatened
however by material bottlenecks,"says Christiansen, who heads the Institute of Nanoarchitectures for Energy conversion at HZB
Only a fraction of silver, nearly no shadow effects The new electrodes can actually be made using only 0. 3 grams of silver per square metre,
while conventional silver grid electrodes require closer to between 15 and 20 grams of silver.
In addition, the new electrode casts a considerably smaller shadow on the solar cell.""The network of silver nanowires is so fine that almost no light for solar energy conversion is lost in the cell due to the shadow,
The gold was deposited onto a plastic chip with microfluidic wells to hold the PCR mixture with the DNA sample.
who is also co-director of the Berkeley Sensor and Actuator Center.""It can be integrated into an ultrafast genomic diagnostic chip,
which we are developing for practical use in the field. Because this technology yields point-of-care results, we can use this in a wide range of settings, from rural Africa to a hospital ER
silky mesh studded with tiny electronic devices, and shown that it unfurls to spy on and stimulate individual neurons.
The Harvard team solved these problems by using a mesh of conductive polymer threads with either nanoscale electrodes
The next steps will be to implant larger meshes containing hundreds of devices, with different kinds of sensors,
who has developed a gelatin-based eedlefor delivering electrodes to the brain. But he remains sceptical of this technique:
a team of Harvard researchers describe the creation of a flexible nanowire mesh with nanoscale electrodes
and scale it up to include hundreds of elements and multiple types of sensors. One such sensor, for example, might be a airpin-shapednanowire able to measure electrical activity both inside and outside neurons.
It should be noted, of course, that the research is still in the early stages. Just because it works in mice doesn mean it will perform identically in humans.
#New Spaceship Antenna Prevents Radio Silence During Fiery Re-Entry When future spacecraft re-enter the atmosphere,
a new kind of antenna might help them keep in contact with ground control, despite the fiery sheaths of superhot plasma around them, researchers say.
Now, Gao and his colleague Binhao Jiang, also of the Harbin Institute of technology, reveal they might be able to use the plasma sheath itself to enhance signals from antennas to maintain communications during hypersonic flight."
The researchers suggested adding a carefully designed layer of electrically insulating material onto communications antennas that would essentially store electrical energy.
Razer CEO, speaking at the recent Consumer electronics Show (CES) in Las vegas, said that he hopes the headset will speed the development of the virtual reality platform by allowing developers to hack it as they please.
a temperature sensor, a camera, a coin battery charger and the AA battery charger shown above.
In their tests, they were able to operate the camera up to 17 feet away, the temperature sensor up to 20ft away and the battery chargers up to 28 feet away from their router.
Using a 2. 4ghz antenna and their harvester the researchers also built a wireless USB charger (top image.
They also installed harvester-equipped temperature sensors 10 feet away from each router. Their results showed that the routers performed well,
and from neighboring routers while still sending enough power to the temperature sensors. The researchers hope that their technology will lead to battery-free sensors
and mobile devices that are powered continuously by Wi-fi routers. Check out the researcher full paper at Cornell University Library arxiv. via New Scientist via Digital Trends
#IBM-Led Team Pulls Off Major Chip Feat IBM Research on Thursday announced that an alliance it leads has produced the first 7nm node test chips with functioning transistors.
The 7nm chips are the result of the first program out of IBM's 2014 US$3 billion investment in research--a five-year investment that aims to push the limits of chip technology to meet the needs of cloud computing
Using 7nm chips will allow the placement of more than 20 billion Sige switches on fingernail-sized chips,
--and it's getting increasingly expensive to make faster chips. That has led semiconductor firms to look at packing more cores onto their processors.
The number of transistors in an integrated circuit doubles roughly every two years, according to Moore's Law,
#Biometric information sensor that directly adheres to the body like a plaster Professor Takao Someya postdoctoral researcher Sung Won Lee
and succeeded in manufacturing a sheet sensor that can measure biometric information just by application to the body like a sticking plaster.
To improve the accuracy of measurements it is ideal to put the sensor in direct contact with
when sensors are applied directly to the body researchers are seeking to fabricate electronic components on flexible substances such as polymeric film.
Furthermore they used the gel to realize sheet sensors that can perform biometric measurement just by application to the body like a sticking plaster.
These sheet sensors can detect bioelectric signals such as physical movement or electrical activity of the heart by directly applying to human skin or the surface of the heart of a rat.
The adhesive gel prevents the sheet sensor from slipping or falling off the surface during dynamic movement and allows stable and long-term measurement t
#Tattoo-like sensor can detect glucose levels without a painful finger prick Scientists have developed the first ultra-thin flexible device that sticks to skin like a rub-on tattoo
The sensor reported in a proof-of-concept study in the ACS journal Analytical Chemistry has the potential to eliminate finger-pricking for many people with diabetes.
Sunlight to electricity Solar cells work by converting photons of sunlight into an electric current that moves between two electrodes.
A key roadblock to building an efficient perovskite-silicon tandem has been a lack of transparency. olin had to figure out how to put a transparent electrode on the top
Mcgehee said. o one had made ever a perovskite solar cell with two transparent electrodes. Perovskites are damaged easily by heat and readily dissolve in water.
This inherent instability ruled out virtually all of the conventional techniques for applying electrodes onto the perovoskite solar cell
The researchers viewed the porous, conductive material as a perfect electrode for supercapacitors or electronic circuits.
In addition to paving the way for improved consumer electronics, this technology could also have specific uses in industrial and military applications.
This forms the foundation of an electronic device. However, researchers have struggled to isolate purely semiconducting carbon nanotubes,
The team most recent advance also brings the field closer to realizing carbon nanotube transistors as a feasible replacement for silicon transistors in computer chips and in high-frequency communication devices,
Despite being ring-sized the device includes motion sensors for text input an NFC tag reader and wireless communication functionality.
The device consists of a chip with cell-trapping cups that are arranged strategically to capture
the new metamaterial is compatible with the complementary metalxideemiconductor manufacturing process used to construct integrated circuits.
such as tiny antennas or alternating layers of nitrides that enable unprecedented control of light. Constructed of artificial atoms and molecules
#Solar chip monitors windows It happens all too often in the cold times of the year:
A thermostat reports cold temperatures, and the heating is turned up full blast right out the window.
however, the sensors have to be attached by cable to the alarm center inside the home or building itself.
In other cases, battery-operated radio sensors are used. But changing batteries in structures that have several windows can lead to a considerable maintenance expense.
a radio sensor chip about the size of a fingernail that is mounted directly in the window.
The tiny sensor is coated with a solar cell and it supplies itself with power. Sensors differentiate between ball and crowbar At ten millimeters,
the chip is as narrow as a pane of insulating glass is thick. It is installed on the aluminum profile between the glass that maintains the distance between the panes.
Thanks to this window space, the solar cell obtains adequate light, even in the darkness of winter.
Integrated in the chip are magnet and acceleration sensors that register if the window is open just a crack or all the way.
The chip can send a signal via radio to the base station in the building
if a window has remained open for too long. The applications of the radio chip are diverse.
It can remind homeowners to ventilate regularly or warn if a window is still open
Because the sensors can differentiate very precisely between various fluctuations for example, a ball that slams against the pane,
First of all, they succeeded in depositing the solar cell directly onto the uneven surface of the chip.
Secondly, the chip consumes power so meagerly that energy from the miniscule solar cell spans the dark hours.
The microchips are coated with numerous conductor paths, its surface is made thereby very uneven. his is had why we to find a means of filling in and evening the surface,
Currently IMS sensor prototypes can store enough power for up to 30 hours of darkness. This is expected to lead to the emergence of a product over the next two years that can even bridge up to two weeks of darkness.
By keeping both processor and chip extremely small, the latter is extremely frugal. In addition, the researchers constructed switches that consume little energy,
Adding to the overall conservation of power is the fact that the sensor always switches to sleep mode.
the sensor can be set so that it wakes up every few minutes, or even seconds,
which was asking for solar cells on chips at IMS around two years ago, provided the impetus to developing the solar radio chip.
Andreas Goehlich group of developers succeeded in integrating the solar cells on the surface of the chips.
Using these solar cells, SOLCHIP seeks to monitor the street traffic for example, or the climate conditions in vineyards. s you can see,
because the application of the solar coating is connected directly to the production process of the chips. nly a handful of additional production steps are needed
Overtext Web Module V3.0 Alpha
Copyright Semantic-Knowledge, 1994-2011