and how long does it take to get the photogenerated charge through the semiconductor mixture to the electrodes?
which use inexpensive organic semiconductor materials sandwiched between two metal electrodes. OP devices can be made flexible and easily portable.
The 100 nm thick device has a three-layer structure top semitransparent electrode, the organic photovoltaic,
so that the specialized detectors could take a clearer look at the sample. With this innovation the team was finally able to obtain images as well as simultaneous chemical maps of where different elements are located in the sample.
In the current work Graphene based photodetectors were integrated in a conventional silicon photonic platform designed for future on-chip applications in the area of ultrafast data communication.
but also demonstrate for the first time that Graphene based photodetectors surpass comparable detectors based on conventional materials concerning maximal data rates.
One is a graphene gel that works as a supercapacitor electrode and the second is a 3-D porous graphene foam.
and even complete electronic circuits.""The researchers have demonstrated already that the junction interacts with light much more strongly than the rest of the monolayer,
This facilitates their application in transistors and other electronic devices because unlike graphene, their electrical conductance can be switched off."
#Conductive nanofiber networks for flexible unbreakable and transparent electrodes Transparent conductors are required as electrodes in optoelectronic devices, such as touch panel screens, liquid crystal displays, and solar cells.
However, ITO-based transparent electrodes are brittle, prone to breakage, and expensive. Therefore, there is strong demand for alternatives to ITO transparent electrodes.
Tokyo Institute of technology researchers report the first development of a facile method for the fabrication of flexible and unbreakable transparent electrodes using nanofibers.
Two-dimensional aluminum (Al) nanofiber networks offering transparent conductors were fabricated by simple wet chemical etching of Al metalized polymer films using an electrospun polystyrene nanofiber mask template.
and transparent electrodes are promising for applications in both large-scale and mobile optoelectronic devices including ones that are flexible.
It uses an aluminum grating that can be added to silicon photodetectors with the silicon microchip industry's mainstay technology complementary metal-oxide semiconductor or CMOS.
This color filtering is done commonly using off-chip dielectric or dye color filters which degrade under exposure to sunlight
and can also be difficult to align with imaging sensors. Today's color filtering mechanisms often involve materials that are not CMOS-compatible
but this new approach has advantages beyond on-chip integration said LANP Director Naomi Halas the lead scientist on the study.
Bob has created a biomimetic detector that emulates what we are hypothesizing the squid skin'sees'Halas said.
Not only are we using the photodetector as an amplifier we're also using the plasmonic color filter as a way to increase the amount of light that goes into the detector he said.
To the best of the researchers'knowledge, this reversible capacity is the highest among all Co3o4 electrodes ever reported.
With these advantages, the researchers expect the df-G to bring significant advances of composite electrodes for a variety of electrochemical system,
"A low loading of nano wires would be appropriate for a pressure sensor whereas a high loading is suitable for a stretchable conductor."
They can be used in rubberlike electronic devices that, unlike paperlike electronic devices, can stretch as well as bend. They can also be attached to topologically complex curved surfaces,
serving as real skin-like sensing devices, Associate professor Cheng said. In their report, published recently in ACS Nano,
#Graphene rubber bands could stretch limits of current healthcare New research published today in the journal ACS Nano identifies a new type of sensor that can monitor body movements
Although body motion sensors already exist in different forms they have not been used widely due to their complexity and cost of production.
Now researchers from the University of Surrey and Trinity college Dublin have treated for the first time common elastic bands with graphene to create a flexible sensor that is sensitive enough for medical use
-which imparts an electromechanical response on movement the team discovered that the material can be used as a sensor to measure a patient's breathing heart rate
Until now no such sensor has been produced that meets needs and that can be made easily. It sounds like a simple concept
and joint movement and could be used to create lightweight sensor suits for vulnerable patients such as premature babies making it possible to remotely monitor their subtle movements and alert a doctor to any worrying behaviours.
These sensors are compared extraordinarily cheap to existing technologies. Each device would probably cost pennies instead of pounds making it ideal technology for use in developing countries where there are not enough medically trained staff to effectively monitor
New sensor could light the way forward in low-cost medical imagin g
#Bacterial nanowires: Not what we thought they were For the past 10 years scientists have been fascinated by a type of electric bacteria that shoots out long tendrils like electric wires using them to power themselves
In addition this research has the potential to inform the creation of living microbial circuits forming the foundation of hybrid biological-synthetic electronic devices.
and others at the University of Massachusetts Amherst today report a breakthrough technique for controlling molecular assembly of nanoparticles over multiple length scales that should allow faster cheaper more ecologically friendly manufacture of organic photovoltaics and other electronic devices.
The new method should reduce the time nano manufacturing firms spend in trial-and-error searches for materials to make electronic devices such as solar cells organic transistors and organic light-emitting diodes.
and form the basis of countless electronic devices such as memory chips photovoltaic cells logic gates and sensors. An interesting alternative to inorganic TFTS (silicon) is organic TFTS (OTFTS)
Because the main component of an EC is its electrode material, which is responsible for the EC's overall performance,
A high-performance EC electrode must have high electrical conductivity, a high ion-accessible surface area, a high ionic transport rate and high electrochemical stability.
Current state-of-the-art ECS generally use porous activated carbon electrodes with energy densities much lower than lead acid batteries to 5 watt hours per kilogram vs. 25 to 35 watt hours per kilogram (5
In their study, published online August 8 in the journal Nature Communications, the CNSI researchers led by Duan used a highly interconnected 3d holey graphene framework as the electrode material to create an EC with unprecedented performance.
The electrode demonstrates superior electrical conductivity, exceptional mechanical flexibility and unique hierarchical porosity, ensuring the efficient transport of electrons
It is hoped the material can be used to coat the electrodes of supercapacitorslectrochemical components that can store extremely large amounts of electrical energyhilst also offering a solution to the growing environmental problem caused by used-cigarette filters.
Once fabricated the carbon-based material was attached to an electrode and tested in a three-electrode system to see how well the material could adsorb electrolyte ions (charge) and then release electrolyte ions (discharge).
The material stored a higher amount of electrical energy than commercially available carbon and also had a higher amount of storage compared to graphene
Preparation of energy storage material derived from a used cigarette filter for a supercapacitor electrode Nanotechnology iopscience. iop. org/0957-4484/25/34/345601 5
But a solar cell made only of tungsten diselenide would require countless tiny metal electrodes tightly spaced only a few micrometers apart.
metallic electrodes can be used, through which the charge is sucked away -or a second material is added."
or positive electrode, of electrical vehicle batteries-as the battery charged.""We wanted to catch
Many previous methods used to analyze such battery materials have produced data that average out effects over the entire electrode.
they also conducted the same in operando study using smaller amounts of electrode material than would be found in a typical battery.
while the electrode is charging, show that lithiated (red) and delithiated (green) iron phosphate phases coexist within individual particles.
That is, in some regions of the electrode all the lithium ions are removed leaving only iron phosphate behind,
and the electrode's capacity is well below the maximum level.""This is the first time anyone has been able to see that delithiation was happening differently at different spatial locations on an electrode under rapid charging conditions,
"Jun Wang said. Slower charging, in contrast, results in homogeneous delithiation, where lithium iron phosphate particles throughout the electrode gradually change over to pure iron phosphate
-and the electrode has a higher capacity. Scientists have known for a while that slow charging is better for this material,
"but people don't want to charge slowly, "said Jiajun Wang, the lead author of the paper."
For example, the phase transformation may happen more efficiently in some parts of the electrode than others due to inconsistencies in the physical structure or composition of the electrode-for example,
manufacturers might want to look at ways to prepare the electrode so that all parts of it are the same,
and has become essential to the integrated circuits and transistors that run most of our computers.
This represents a strong limitation for flexible electronics in a wide range of applications from active matrix displays to ultrafast light detectors and gas sensors.
which can be applied as high performance electrodes for secondary batteries and fuel cells. Yung-Eun Sung is both a group leader at the Center for Nanoparticle Research at Institute for Basic Science*(IBS) and a professor at the Seoul National University.
lithium secondary batteries, sensors, and semiconductors
#A crystal wedding in the nanocosmos Researchers at the Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), the Vienna University of Technology and the Maria Curie-Sklodowska University Lublin have succeeded in embedding nearly perfect semiconductor crystals
Nano-optoelectronics are considered the cornerstone of future chip technology, but the research faces major challenges:
which are suited ideally for constructing increasingly compact chips. This integration of crystals was the greatest obstacle for such"hetero-nanowires"until now:
#Tiny laser sensor heightens bomb detection sensitivity New technology under development at the University of California,
UC Berkeley professor of mechanical engineering, has found a way to dramatically increase the sensitivity of a light-based plasmon sensor to detect incredibly minute concentrations of explosives.
They put the sensor to the test with various explosives 2 4-dinitrotoluene (DNT), ammonium nitrate and nitrobenzene and found that the device successfully detected the airborne chemicals at concentrations of 0. 67 parts per billion, 0. 4 parts per billion and 7. 2 parts
The researchers noted that this is much more sensitive than the published results to date for other optical sensors."
"Optical explosive sensors are very sensitive and compact, "said Zhang, who is also director of the Materials science Division at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and director of the National Science Foundation Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center at UC Berkeley."
"The ability to magnify such a small trace of an explosive to create a detectable signal is a major development in plasmon sensor technology,
"The new sensor could have many advantages over current bomb-screening methods.""Bomb-sniffing dogs are expensive to train
Our technology could lead to a bomb-detecting chip for a handheld device that can detect the tiny-trace vapor in the air of the explosive's small molecules."
"The sensor could also be developed into an alarm for unexploded land mines that are otherwise difficult to detect,
Unstable and hungry for electrons The nanoscale plasmon sensor used in the lab experiments is much smaller than other explosive detectors on the market.
Potential use to sense hard-to-detect explosive"We think that higher electron deficiency of explosives leads to a stronger interaction with the semiconductor sensor"
Because of this, the researchers are hopeful that their plasmon laser sensor could detect pentaerythritol tetranitrate, or PETN, an explosive compound considered a favorite of terrorists.
Latest generation of plasmon sensors The sensor represents the latest milestone in surface plasmon sensor technology,
The ability to increase the sensitivity of optical sensors had traditionally been restricted by the diffraction limit,
The new device builds upon earlier work in plasmon lasers by Zhang's lab that compensated for this light leakage by using reflectors to bounce the surface plasmons back and forth inside the sensor similar to the way sound waves are reflected across the room
Zhang said the amplified sensor creates a much stronger signal than the passive plasmon sensors currently available
#Nanophotonics experts create powerful molecular sensor Nanophotonics experts at Rice university have created a unique sensor that amplifies the optical signature of molecules by about 100 billion times.
Researchers at Rice's Laboratory for Nanophotonics (LANP) said the single-molecule sensor is about 10 times more powerful that previously reported devices."
"Ours and other research groups have been designing single-molecule sensors for several years, but this new approach offers advantages over any previously reported method,
"The ideal single-molecule sensor would be able to identify an unknown moleculeven a very small oneithout any prior information about that molecule's structure or composition.
"The optical sensor uses Raman spectroscopy, a technique pioneered in the 1930s that blossomed after the advent of lasers in the 1960s.
By using CARS in conjunction with a light amplifier made of four tiny gold nanodiscs,
Zhang said the quadrumer amplifiers are a key to SECARS, in part because they are created with standard e-beam lithographic techniques,
which period Surrey Nanosystems successfully transferred its low-temperature manufacturing process from silicon to aluminum structures and pyroelectric sensors.
and long-term vibration and is suitable for coating internal components such as apertures baffles cold shields and Micro Electro Mechanical systems (MEMS)- type optical sensors.
and hence, optical properties of select antennas. Therefore, one can decide after fabrication, rather than before,
when using traditional transistor-based integrated circuits. That's why he and his research team are aiming to build entirely new technologies at the atomic scale."
#Designing ultra-sensitive biosensors for early personalised diagnostics A new type of high-sensitivity and low-cost sensors,
amplifying the light radiation in hot spots regions of the antenna, explains Pietro Giuseppe Gucciardi, a physicist at the Institute for Chemical-Physical Processes, affiliated with the Italian National Research Council CNR, in Messina,
The team analyzed the solar cell activity of their nanohole interfaces by coating them with a semiconducting polymer and metal electrodes.
The newly developed material can be used as a substitute for graphene in solar cells and semiconductor chips.
and directly used the transparent electrodes for organic solar cells. The research outcome was introduced in Nanoscale a journal of Royal Society of Chemistry in the UK under the title of One-step Synthesis of Carbon Nanosheets Converted from a Polycylic Compound
and Their Direct Use as Transparent Electrodes of ITO-free Organic solar cells and was selected as a cover story in the January 21st edition in recognition for this innovative and superb research findings.
because it allows sulfur to bind to the electrode in a finely divided manner, with relatively high loading.
And the rates of the key reactions at the sulfur electrode-electrolyte interface, which involve both electrons
including flexible electronics such as antennas, chemical sensors and strain detectors.""It also would produce transparent electrodes for solar cells and organic light-emitting diodes,
Clem said. The method was inspired by industrial embossing processes in which a patterned mask is applied with high external pressure to create patterns in the substrate,
and electric power storage improvement of battery capability and effort to develop new electrode materials have been demanded.
and easily-handled electrode material since its basic texture is composed of nanometric particles. The charge-discharge properties of simple L-BIOX/Li-metal cells were examined at current rates of 33. 3ma/g (0. 05c)
Notably the presence of minor components of Si and P in the original L-BIOX nanometric particles resulted in specific and well-defined electrode architecture.
Takada and colleagues proposed a unique approach to develop new electrode materials for Li-ion battery.
"The results could lead to a new approach to chip designne that involves using fine-tuned electrical signals to lay out integrated circuits after they're fabricated.
cheaper chips and computers inspired by biological brains in that they could perform many tasks at the same time.
and forming a bridge between the electrodes at the opposite ends of the dielectric material. They demonstrated this process with several metals,
The researchers believe that the material lends itself to many kinds of highly sensitive sensors. The researchers made a thin film of graphene oxide by chemically exfoliating graphite into graphene flakes,
This hybrid could take the place of silicon as the traditional transistor material used in electronic chips,
including Organic light Emitting Diodes (OLEDS), digital circuits, radio frequency identification (RFID) tags, sensors, wearable electronics, and flash memory devices.
stiff electrode objects are placed on several fixed locations on the patient's body. With this new hybridized circuit
however, electrodes could be placed all over the patient's body with just a single large but flexible object.
as digital circuits can be used in any electronics, "Chen said.""One day we'll be able to print these circuits as easily as newspapers."
Lithium ion batteries are the rechargeable battery of choice for portable electronic devices and electric vehicles. But they present problems.
which facilitates charge and thermal transfer in the electrode system. Two the cone-shaped architecture offers small interpenetrating channels for faster electrolyte access into the electrode
which may enhance the rate performance. Explore further: Silly Putty material inspires better batterie e
Cell phones and other portable electronic devices could use less power and last longer on a charge.
This new form of solid stable light-sensitive nanoparticles called colloidal quantum dots could lead to cheaper and more flexible solar cells as well as better gas sensors infrared lasers infrared light emitting diodes and more.
For the average person this means more sophisticated weather satellites remote controllers satellite communication or pollution detectors.
#Shatterproof screens that save smartphones University of Akron polymer scientists have developed a transparent electrode that could change the face of smartphones, literally,
In a recently published scientific paper, researchers demonstrated how a transparent layer of electrodes on a polymer surface could be extraordinarily tough and flexible,
Due to its flexibility, the transparent electrode can be fabricated in economical, mass-quantity rolls.""We expect this film to emerge on the market as a true ITO competitor,
The team's findings are published in the American Chemical Society's journal ACS Nano in the article titled"A Tough and High-performance Transparent Electrode from a Scalable and Transfer-Free Method
New nanotech may provide power storage in electric cables clothes Imagine being able to carry all the juice you needed to power your MP3 PLAYER, smartphone and electric car in the fabric of your jacket?
and development of electrical vehicles, space-launch vehicles and portable electronic devices. By being able to store
It is possible to further miniaturize the electronic devices or the space that has been used previously for batteries could be used for other purposes.
which created an electrode. Two electrodes are needed for the powerful energy storage. So they had to figure out a way to create a second electrode.
They did it-this by adding a very thin plastic sheet around the whiskers and wrapping it around using a metal sheath (the second electrode) after generating nanowhiskers on it (the second electrode and outer covering).
The layers were glued then together with a special gel. Because of the insulationthe nanowhisker layer is insulating,
the inner copper wire retains its ability to channel electricity, the layers around the wire independently store powerful energy.
#Nanotechnology takes on diabetes A sensor which can be used to screen for diabetes in resource-poor settings has been developed by researchers
A low-cost, reusable sensor which uses nanotechnology to screen for and monitor diabetes and other conditions, has been developed by an interdisciplinary team of researchers from the University of Cambridge, for use both in clinics and home settings.
The sensors use nanotechnology to monitor levels of glucose, lactate and fructose in individuals with diabetes or urinary tract infections
Earlier this year, clinical trials of the sensors were carried out at Addenbrooke's Hospital to monitor glucose levels in 33 diabetic patients.
The sensors developed by the Cambridge team are made using laser light, which organises metal nanoparticles into alternating layers in thin gel films to produce the sensors in a matter of seconds.
When glucose, lactate or fructose concentrations are high in a sample, the sensor changes colour.
The exact concentration can be determined by visually comparing the colour to a reference chart, or the image can be processed automatically by a smartphone application.
the sensors showed improved performance over commercial glucose test strips read by an automated reader,
Additionally, the sensors can be produced at a fraction of the cost of commercially-available test strips.
A single sensor would cost 20 pence to produce, and can be reused up to 400 times,
The use of lasers means that the sensors can be manufactured easily at scale.""These sensors can be used to screen for diabetes in resource-poor countries,
where disposable test strips and other equipment are simply not affordable, "said Ali Yetisen, a Phd candidate in the Department of Chemical engineering & Biotechnology,
"The value of these reusable sensors will be realised when they are mass produced and adopted as a diagnostic tool for routine diabetes screening,
First made in the 1990s as a material that might be useful for building computer chips leaky oxides were rejected as undesirable because of their charge-leaking behavior.
Chuang adds Every part of the cell except the electrodes for now can be deposited at room temperature in air out of solution.
they form the basis of both LEDS and LCDS (liquid crystal displays.""This could make a transparent,
and hole conduction necessary for making transistors with logic gates and other p-n junction devices,"said Argonne scientist and coauthor Anirudha Sumant.
or platinum tips in measurements of critical importance to microchip fabrication nanobiotechnology and other endeavors.
"Westover's wafers consist of electrodes made from silicon that have been treated chemically so they have nanoscale pores on their inner surfaces
Sandwiched between the two electrodes is a polymer film that acts as a reservoir of charged ions, similar to the role of electrolyte paste in a battery.
When the electrodes are pressed together, the polymer oozes into the tiny pores in much the same way that melted cheese soaks into the nooks and crannies of artisan bread in a Panini.
"The use of silicon in structural supercapacitors is suited best for consumer electronics and solar cells, but Pint and Westover are confident that the rules that govern the load-bearing character of their design will carry over to other materials, such as carbon nanotubes and lightweight porous metals like aluminum.
Gold nanoparticles lie on the surface of the chip and are programed chemically with an antibody receptor in such a way that they are capable of specifically attracting the protein markers circulating in blood.
When a drop of blood is injected into the chip it circulates through the micro-channels
in rapid succession, improved the black coating used for thermal sensors and developed an original and patented method for depositing the coating.
For a flat sensor, the actual average temperature is about 80°C, and in summer the temperature can reach 200°C. Regularly exposed to air and moisture,
the sensor must last for 25 years on a building, which is not so easy.""The durability of our materials at temperatures exceeding 360°C could also be of interest to thermal power plants,
When they integrate multiple pairs of fibers between two electrodes the ability to store electricity called capacitance increased linearly according to the number of fibers used.
and sensors for flexible and wearable optoelectronic systems Dai said. Thus we have opened up many possibilities
#Remote Bomb Detector Uses Sound waves To Distinguish Between Types Of Explosives#A new type of bomb detection can sniff out how powerful an explosive#is from afar.
Smartcitizen. methese sensor enhanced hive designs are open and freely available online the data collected from each hive is published together with geolocations allowing for a further comparison and analysis of the hives.
But if that's somehow not enough you can help fund Priovr a set of sensors that monitor your movements
The developers of the sensors YEI Technology think people are willing to drop $225000 on Kickstarter
Still the sensors look crazy-accurate at least if the videos from YEI are any indication.
#To make it happen the team removed parts of skull from three patients experiencing frequent drug-resistant epileptic seizures then attached a packet of electrodes to their exposed brains.
After that the researchers#let the patients experience their stay in the hosptial as they normally would using the electrodes to record data on the seizures as well as everything else they did during the hospital stay like eating or speaking.
Cameras monitored the patients from their rooms allowing the researchers to determine how the data they got from the electrodes matched up with
however cameraphone technology needs to support it in ways it currently doesn t. Cameraphones have improved dramatically in the last few years the Nokia Pureview sensor has 41 megapixels
and HTC s newest sensor has larger pixels that grab more light but they still suffer from one great shortfall:
The device is just a lens sensor and image processor and users attach their smartphone as a viewfinder.#
As it turns two X-ray detectors on either side scan it and a computer merges the multiple images generated into a whole three-dimensional CT SCAN.
#Sewer Sensors Detect Homemade Bombs As They're Being made Could the secret to finding illicit explosives labs before they harm anyone be hiding in a city's poop?
It would position sensors throughout sewers to alert authorities when traces of chemicals used to make explosives get flushed down the drain
while different sensors above the ground monitor for elevated amounts of gas byproducts of the bomb-making process in the area.
The team behind EMPHASIS announced earlier this month that the sensors had proved#successful#in#lab tests
Scientists have looked previously into sewer sensors as a way to examine drug usage on a citywide level.
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