The Rice lab of materials scientist Jun Lou created the new cathode, one of the two electrodes in batteries,
First, the graphene and nanotubes are grown directly onto the nickel substrate that serves as an electrode,
eliminating adhesion issues that plagued the transfer of platinum catalysts to common electrodes like transparent conducting oxide.
which determines how well electrons cross from the electrode to the electrolyte, was found to be 20 times smaller than for platinum-based cathodes,
That doesn't work for a computer chip.""To reduce the volume of the material and the power of the light needed to do useful signal mixing,
Take the electrode of the small lithium-ion battery that powers your watch for example ideally the conductive material in that electrode would be very small
We have shown that the volumetric capacitance of an MXENE-polymer nanocomposite can be compared much higher to conventional carbon-based electrodes
because it slightly enlarges the interlayer space between MXENE flakes allowing ions to penetrate deep into the electrode;
With these conductive electrodes and no liquid electrolyte we can eventually eliminate metal current collectors and make lighter and thinner supercapacitors.
For Li's group, the next step is to put electrodes in the microtubes so researchers can measure the electrical signals that the nerves conduct."
"If we place electrodes inside the tube, since they are directly in contact with the axon,
And more immediately they're already used in medical detectors for example the pregnancy tests you buy over-the-counter work use gold nanoparticles attached to antibodies.
I did research on conducting plastics for electronic devices. When I moved into the cancer treatments with nanotechnology that's when my mum became really excited about my work.
a tiny hole in a ceramic sheet that holds electrolyte to carry the electrical charge between nanotube electrodes at either end.
#Researchers create unique graphene nanopores with optical antennas for DNA sequencing High-speed reading of the genetic code should get a boost with the creation of the world's first graphene nanopores pores measuring approximately 2 nanometers in diameter that feature a"built-in
"optical antenna. Researchers with Berkeley Lab and the University of California (UC) Berkeley have invented a simple,
"With our integrated graphene nanopore with plasmonic optical antenna, we can obtain direct optical DNA sequence detection,
which a hot spot on a graphene membrane formed a nanopore with a self-integrated optical antenna.
and its optical antenna,"says Lee.""Simultaneously correlating this optical signal with the electrical signal from conventional nanopore sequencing provides an added dimension that would be an enormous advantage for high-throughput DNA readout."
"A key to the success of this effort is the single-step photothermal mechanism that enables the creation of graphene nanopores with self-aligned plasmonic optical antennas.
The dimensions of the nanopores and the optical characteristics of the plasmonic antenna are tunable, with the antenna functioning as both optical signal transducer and enhancer.
so that each base-pair fluoresces at a signature intensity as it passes through the junction of the nanopore and its optical antenna."
"In addition, either the gold nanoplasmonic optical antenna or the graphene can be functionalized to be responsive to different base-pair combinations,
"The gold plasmonic optical antenna can also be functionalized to enable the direct optical detection of RNA, proteins, protein-protein interactions, DNA-protein interactions,
"The results of this study were reported in Nano Letters in a paper titled"Graphene nanopore with a Self-Integrated Optical Antenna. e
Though they are very good mass and force sensors, their quality factors have been somewhat modest.
thus enabling these systems to become appealing mass and force sensors, and exciting quantum systems. Why is This Discovery so Important?
#Better bomb-sniffing technology with new detector material University of Utah engineers have developed a new type of carbon nanotube material for handheld sensors that will be quicker
plans to build a prototype handheld sensor by year's end and produce the first commercial scanners early next year, says cofounder Ling Zang, a professor of materials science and engineering and senior author of a study of the technology published online Nov 4 in the journal
and then deposit a microscopic amount on electrodes in a prototype handheld scanner that can detect toxic gases such as sarin or chlorine,
When the sensor detects molecules from an explosive, deadly gas or drugs such as methamphetamine, they alter the electrical current through the nanotube materials,
"You can apply voltage between the electrodes and monitor the current through the nanotube,"says Zang, a professor with USTAR, the Utah Science Technology and Research economic development initiative."
The technology also can be applied to existing detectors or airport scanners used to sense explosives or chemical threats.
"Unlike the today's detectors, which analyze the spectra of ionized molecules of explosives and chemicals,
which will improve the future development of chemical sensors used in chemical and engineering industries.
In an international study University of Melbourne and the National Institute of Standards and Technology in the US found that pairs of closely spaced nano particles made of gold can act as optical antennas.
This geometry now determines the efficiency nanoparticle use as a chemical sensor in sensing minute quantities of chemicals in air and water.
or even inside electronic devices to help move heat away from heat generating chips. The team next plans to work on creating models that have more detail and
#Team reveals molecular structure of water at gold electrodes When a solid material is immersed in a liquid the liquid immediately next to its surface differs from that of the bulk liquid at the molecular level.
When the solid surface is charged just like an electrode in a working battery it can drive further changes in the interfacial liquid.
At an electrode surface the build up of electrical charge driven by a potential difference (or voltage) produces a strong electric field that drives molecular rearrangements in the electrolyte next to the electrode.
Berkeley Lab researchers have developed a method not only to look at the molecules next to the electrode surface
but to determine their arrangement changes depending on the voltage. With gold as a chemically inert electrode and slightly-saline water as an electrolyte Salmeron and colleagues used a new twist on x-ray absorption spectroscopy XAS) to probe the interface
and show how the interfacial molecules are arranged. XAS itself is not new. In this process a material absorbs x-ray photons at a specific rate as a function of photon energy.
The electrons arriving at the gold electrode surface can be detected as an electrical current traveling through a wire attached to it.
when studying liquids in contact with working electrodes because they carry a steady current as in batteries and other electrochemical systems.
When measuring current off the electrode it is critical to determine which part is due to the x-rays and
That's the main thing we know about the gold electrode surface from the x-ray absorption spectra:
Water next to the electrode has a different molecular structure than it would in the absence of the electrode.
This study which is reported in Science in a paper titled The structure of interfacial water on gold electrodes studied by x-ray absorption spectroscopy marks the first time that the scientific community has shown such high sensitivity in an in-situ environment under working electrode conditions s
It's old news that the semiconductor industry is starting to run up against physical limits to the decades-long trend of ever-denser integrated chips with smaller and smaller feature sizes,
Just recently, Intel Corp. announced that it had in production a new generation of chips with a 14-nanometer minimum feature size.
however because conventional metal electrode technologies are too thick(>500 nm) to be transparent to light making them incompatible with many optical approaches.
See-through sensors open new window into the brain More information: Graphene-based carbon-layered electrode array technology for neural imaging and optogenetic applications.
Nature Communications 5 Article number: 5258 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms625 5
#Materials for the next generation of electronics and photovoltaics One of the longstanding problems of working with nanomaterials substances at the molecular and atomic scale is controlling their size.
#See-through one-atom-thick carbon electrodes powerful tool to study brain disorders Researchers from the Perelman School of medicine and School of engineering at the University of Pennsylvania and The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia have used graphene
While previous efforts have been made to construct transparent electrodes using indium tin oxide they are expensive and highly brittle making that substance ill-suited for microelectrode arrays.
so we can make very thin flexible electrodes that can hug the neural tissue Kuzum notes.
The team also notes that the single-electrode techniques used in the Nature Communications study could be adapted easily to study other larger areas of the brain with more expansive arrays.
Ertugrul Cubukcu's lab at Materials science and engineering Department helped with the graphene processing technology used in fabricating flexible transparent neural electrodes as well as performing optical and materials characterization in collaboration with Euijae Shim and Jason Reed.
#Flexible paper electrodes with ultra-high loading for lithium-sulfur batteries With the rapid development of portable electronic devices, electric automobiles,
Recently, scientists from Tsinghua University have created a freestanding carbon nanotube paper electrode with high sulfur loading for lithium-sulfur batteries.
"CNTS are one of the most efficient and effective conductive fillers for electrode. We selected short multi-walled CNTS (MWCNTS) with lengths of 10-50 m as the shortrange electrical conductive network to support sulfur,
as well as super long CNTS with lengths of 1000-2000 m from vertically aligned CNTS (VACNTS) as both long-range conductive networks and inter-penetrated binders for the hierarchical freestanding paper electrode.""
"Such sulfur electrodes with hierarchical CNT scaffolds can accommodate over 5 to 10 times the sulfur species compared with conventional electrodes on metal foil current collectors
as well as modifying precursors in the electrode, which neutralized the advantage of Li-S system in high specific capacity.
"The areal capacity can be increased further to 15.1 mah cm-2 by stacking three CNT-S paper electrodes, with an areal sulfur loading of 17.3 mg cm-2 as the cathode in a Li
This proof-of-concept experiment indicates that the rational design of the nanostructured electrode offers the possibility of the efficient use of active materials as practical loading."
"The current bottom-up electrode fabrication procedure is effective for the preparation of large-scale flexible paper electrodes with good distribution of all functional compounds,
which is also favorable for graphene, CNT-graphene, CNTMETAL oxide based flexible electrodes, "Qiang said."
"The as-obtained freestanding paper electrode is promising for the ubiquitous applications of Li-S batteries with low cost,
high energy densities for future flexible electronic devices such as smart electronics and roll up displays. y
#New self-assembly method for fabricating graphene nanoribbons First characterized in 2004 graphene is a two-dimensional material with extraordinary properties.
which will be highly useful as electrodes and membranes for energy generation or storage. While we have demonstrated only the construction of graphene-based structures in this study we strongly believe that the new technique will be able to serve as a general method for the assembly of a much wider range of nanomaterials concluded Franklin Kim the principal investigator of the study y
#Engineers develop prototype of low-cost disposable lung infection detector Imagine a low-cost, disposable breath analysis device that a person with cystic fibrosis could use at home
Materials scientist Regina Ragan and electrical engineer Filippo Capolino have created a nano-optical sensor that can detect trace levels of infection in a small sample of breath.
They made the sensor in the laboratory but would like to see it become commercially available.
Nanotechnologies such as this sensor depend on extremely small nanometer scale building blocks. A nanometer is about 100,000 times smaller than the width of a human hair.
and optimization of the device which is based on a phosphor screen and single-walled carbon nanotubes as electrodes in a diode structure.
Then they painted the mixture onto the positive electrode or cathode and scratched the surface with sandpaper to form a light panel capable of producing a large stable and homogenous emission current with low energy consumption.
The resistance of cathode electrode with highly crystalline single-walled carbon nanotube is very low. Thus the new flat-panel device has compared smaller energy loss with other current lighting devices
Now the team led by Dzurak has discovered a way to create an artificial atom qubit with a device remarkably similar to the silicon transistors used in consumer electronics known as MOSFETS.
Such systems may one day replace the electronic circuits we are using today
#Researchers develop green tea-based'missiles'to kill cancer cells more effectively Green tea has long been known for its antioxidant, anticancer, antiaging and antimicrobial properties.
The same prototype also crams 1900 emitters onto a chip that's only a centimeter square quadrupling the array size and emitter density of even the best of its predecessors.
or the height of deposits must be consistent across an entire chip. To control the nanotubes'growth the researchers first cover the emitter array with an ultrathin catalyst film
The new structures can lead to sensors and chips for future devices like smartphones computers and medical equipment.
#New absorber will lead to better biosensors Biological sensors or biosensors are like technological canaries in the coalmine.
#A new dimension for integrated circuits: 3-D nanomagnetic logic Electrical engineers at the Technical University Munich (TUM) have demonstrated a new kind of building block for digital integrated circuits.
Their experiments show that future computer chips could be based on three-dimensional arrangements of nanometer scale magnets instead of transistors.
As the main enabling technology of the semiconductor industry CMOS fabrication of silicon chips approaches fundamental limits, the TUM researchers and collaborators at the University of Notre dame are exploring"magnetic computing"as an alternative.
In a 3d stack of nanomagnets, the researchers have implemented a so-called majority logic gate which could serve as a programmable switch in a digital circuit.
They explain the underlying principle with a simple illustration: Think of the way ordinary bar magnets behave
and synchronization in magnetic circuits, similar to latches in electrical integrated circuits.""All players in the semiconductor business benefit from one industry-wide cooperative effort:
The potential to pack more gates onto a chip is especially important. Nanomagnetic logic can allow very dense packing, for several reasons.
a so-called full-adder it can take fewer magnets than transistors to get the job done.
has taken a major step in developing long-sought polymer architecture to boost power-conversion efficiency of light to electricity for use in electronic devices.
and packing at electrode surfaces the team combined knowledge about graphene and organic crystals. Though it was difficult Briseno says they managed to get the necessary compounds to stack like coins.
We envision that our nanopillar solar cells will appeal to low-end energy applications such as gadgets toys sensors and short lifetime disposable devices s
To see as much detail as possible the team decided to use a set of electron detectors to collect electrons in a wide range of scattering angles an arrangement that gave them plenty of structural information to assemble a clear picture of the battery's interior down to the nanoscale level.
Using a simple scalable and inexpensive method the researchers produced hybrid electrodes the building blocks of touchscreen technology from silver nanowires and graphene.
and could replace existing touchscreen technologies in electronic devices. Even though this material is cheaper and easier to produce it does not compromise on performance.
Conductive nanofiber networks for flexible unbreakable and transparent electrode e
#Harnessing an unusual'valley'quantum property of electrons Yoshihiro Iwasa and colleagues from the RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science the University of Tokyo and Hiroshima University have discovered that ultrathin films of a semiconducting material have properties that form the basis for a new kind of low-power electronics
Mixing silicon with other materials improves the diversity of nanoscale electronic devices More information: Oda K. Nanai Y. Sato T. Kimura S. & Okuno T. Correlation between photoluminescence and structure in silicon nanowires fabricated by metal-assisted etching.
Experts collaborated to produce nanoparticles made of a titanium-nickel alloy used in the development of thermal and electrical sensors that control the operation of high-tech devices such as those used in aerospace,
Meanwhile, the team at the UANL manufactured nanoparticles used in the sensors, and after a series of tests confirmed the effectiveness of the titanium-nickel as an electrical and thermal conductor.
the sensor stops dilating and enters a paused state; minutes later, when its temperature and size return to normal it activates again to control the operation of valves,
Besides generating nanoparticles for sensors, another goal of this proyect is to train high level human resources in the areas of metallurgy alloys with shape memory,
a special machine in which the sensors are located between two points of electrical contacts, electric power is applied
The scientists would also like to integrate their photonic biodetector into optical microchips for use in clinical diagnostics s
and consume less power than traditional integrated circuits. Explore further: Breakthrough in light sources for new quantum technology More information:
When 8-OHDG attached to the bioreceptor molecules on the sensor there was a notable difference in the graphene channel resistance
Now that we've created the first proof-of-concept biosensor using epitaxial graphene we will look to investigate a range of different biomarkers associated with different diseases and conditions as well as detecting a number of different biomarkers on the same chip.
Our graphene electrodes are created using a roll-to-roll chemical vapor deposition process and then they are combined with other materials utilizing a different roll-to-roll process he said.
We can give the same foundational graphene electrodes entirely different properties utilizing standard or custom materials that we are developing for our own commercial products.
In essence what we've done is developed scalable graphene electrodes that are foundational pieces and can be customized easily to unique customer applications.
but can be used to coat glass and plastic as well as radar domes and antennas. In the previous process the nanoribbons were mixed with polyurethane
He said nanoribbon films also open a path toward embedding electronic circuits in glass that are both optically and RF transparent a
it would be easy to integrate them into existing electronic devices and fabrication methods. The discovery, published in Nature Communications,
therefore firmly establishes correlated oxides as promising semiconductors for future three-dimensional integrated circuits as well as for adaptive, tunable photonic devices.
but in principle it's highly compatible with traditional electronic devices.""Quantum materials Unlike silicon, samarium nickelate and other correlated oxides are quantum materials,
aim to develop an entirely new class of quantum electronic devices and systems that will transform signal processing and computation.
To test picene's properties when juxtaposed with a metal as it would be in an electronic device the researchers deposited a single layer of picene molecules onto a piece of silver.
According to Hasegawa picene's weak interactions with the silver allow it to deposit directly on the surface without a stabilizing layer of molecules between a quality he said is essential for achieving high-quality contact with metal electrodes.
#Study sheds new light on why batteries go bad A comprehensive look at how tiny particles in a lithium ion battery electrode behave shows that rapid-charging the battery
They also suggest that scientists may be able to modify electrodes or change the way batteries are charged to promote more uniform charging
The fine detail of what happens in an electrode during charging and discharging is just one of many factors that determine battery life
and graphite electrodes used in today's commercial lithium ion batteries and in about half of those under development.
and shrinking of the negative and positive electrodes as they absorb and release ions from the electrolyte during charging
For this study scientists looked at a positive electrode made of billions of nanoparticles of lithium iron phosphate.
Then they cut the electrode into extremely thin slices and took them to Berkeley Lab for examination with intense X-rays from the Advanced Light source synchrotron a DOE Office of Science User Facility.
We were able to look at thousands of electrode nanoparticles at a time and get snapshots of them at different stages during charging
This suggests that scientists may be able to tweak the electrode material or the process to get faster rates of charging
Li said the group has also been working with industry to see how these findings might apply in the transportation and consumer electronics sectors.
It is expected highly that the N-ACNT/G sandwiches hold various potential applications in the area of nanocomposite energy storage environmental protection electronic device as well as healthcare because of their robust hierarchical structure 3d electron transfer
#'Human touch'nanoparticle sensor could improve breast cancer detection (Phys. org) niversity of Nebraska-Lincoln scientists have developed a nanoparticle-based device that emulates human touch
In a newly published article in the journal ACS Advanced Materials & Interfaces, researchers Ravi Saraf and Chieu Van Nguyen describe a thin-film sensor that can detect tumors too small and deep
an advancement that could enable electronic devices to function with very little energy. The process involves passing electrons through a quantum well to cool them
which consists of a sequential array of a source electrode, a quantum well, a tunneling barrier, a quantum dot,
and a drain electrode to suppress electron excitation and to make electrons cold. Cold electrons promise a new type of transistor that can operate at extremely low energy consumption."
these research findings could potentially reduce energy consumption of electronic devices by more than 10 times compared to the present technology,
"Personal electronic devices such as smart phones, ipads, etc. can last much longer before recharging.""In addition to potential commercial applications, there are many military uses for the technology.
and less power consumption means reducing the battery weight of electronic equipment that soldiers are carrying, which will enhance their combat capability.
Other potential military applications include electronics for remote sensors, unmanned aerial vehicles and high-capacity computing in remote operations.
Besides its applications in circuitry and sensors graphene is of interest as a super-strong coating.
#Ultra-thin high-speed detector captures unprecedented range of light waves New research at the University of Maryland could lead to a generation of light detectors that can see below the surface of bodies walls and other objects.
Using the special properties of graphene a two-dimensional form of carbon that is only one atom thick a prototype detector is able to see an extraordinarily broad band of wavelengths.
A research paper about the new detector was published Sunday September 07 2014 in Nature Nanotechnology.
Lead author Xinghan Cai a University of Maryland physics graduate student said a detector like the researchers'prototype could find applications in emerging terahertz fields such as mobile communications medical imaging chemical sensing
however in part because it is difficult to detect light waves in this Range in order to maintain sensitivity most detectors need to be kept extremely cold around 4 Kelvin or-452 degrees Fahrenheit.
Existing detectors that work at room temperature are bulky slow and prohibitively expensive. The new room temperature detector developed by the University of Maryland team
and colleagues at the U s. Naval Research Lab and Monash University Australia gets around these problems by using graphene a single layer of interconnected carbon atoms.
Using a new operating principle called the hot-electron photothermoelectric effect the research team created a device that is as sensitive as any existing room temperature detector in the terahertz range
Graphene a sheet of pure carbon only one atom thick is suited uniquely to use in a terahertz detector
The concept behind the detector is simple says University of Maryland Physics Professor Dennis Drew.
The speed and sensitivity of the room temperature detector presented in this research opens the door to future discoveries in this in-between zone.
similar to the screens used in today's e readers, except it is made of flexible plastic instead of Glass in contrast to conventional displays, the pixel electronics,
or backplane, of this display includes a solution-processed graphene electrode, which replaces the sputtered metal electrode layer within Plastic Logic's conventional devices,
bringing product and process benefits. Graphene is more flexible than conventional ceramic alternatives like indium-tin oxide (ITO) and more transparent than metal films.
The graphene electrode was deposited from solution and subsequently patterned with micron-scale features to complete the backplane.
Future demonstrations may incorporate liquid crystal (LCD) and organic light emitting diodes (OLED) technology to achieve full colour and video functionality.
Lightweight flexible active-matrix backplanes may also be used for sensors with novel digital medical imaging and gesture recognition applications already in development."
Graphene has been used among other things to design FETSEVICES that regulate the flow of electrons through a channel via a vertical electric field directed into the channel by a terminal called a gate.
In digital electronics these transistors control the flow of electricity throughout an integrated circuit and allow for amplification and switching.
An Mos2-based ph sensor achieving sensitivity as high as 713 for a ph change by one unit
and light along the same tiny wire a finding that could be a step towards building computer chips capable of transporting digital information at the speed of light.
and atomically thin material that can be exploited for nanophotonic integrated circuits said Nick Vamivakas assistant professor of quantum optics and quantum physics at the University of Rochester and senior author of the paper.
because devices that focus light cannot be miniaturized nearly as well as electronic circuits said Goodfellow. The new results hold promise for guiding the transmission of light
Combining electronics and photonics on the same integrated circuits could drastically improve the performance and efficiency of mobile technology.
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