Circuits

Chip (1245)
Circuit board (32)
Digital circuit (10)
Electric circuit (20)
Electronic circuit (45)
Integrated circuit (80)

Synopsis: Domenii: Electronics: Electronics generale: Electronic devices: Circuits:

Until 2009 he was earning around double the average wage of a tech engineer at a company that designs integrated circuits.

for instance finding ways to make integrated circuits based on specifications created by overseas companies. They're not really inventing something new.#

#Organs on chips: How to make a microchip that breathes Drug testing is a costly business.

Each so-called"organ-on-chip#is composed of a clear flexible polymer that contains hollow microfluidic channels lined by living human cells.

Joshua Raymond Chip<Spec: Business; Stock markets; Storms; Politics>JONATHAN SERRIE FOX NEWS CORRESPONDENT: At least I'm not feeling it in the eyes.

The device consists of a chip with cell-trapping cups that are arranged strategically to capture

The device, called the Nanovelcro Chip, is a postage-stampized chip with nanowires that are 1,

000 times thinner than a human hair and are coated with antibodies that recognize circulating tumor cells.

When 2 milliliters of blood are run through the chip, the tumor cells stick to the nanowires like Velcro.

Tseng team needed to be able to separate the cells from the chip without damaging them.

the scientists used a technique called laser capture microdissection that was effective in removing individual cells from the chip without damaging them,

and stretched on disposable chips that fit the device. The results can be seen on both the smartphone

Other printed elements include complex electronic circuits Engineers at the Raytheon University of Massachusetts Lowell Research Institute are developing ways to print such circuits,

When we make integrated circuits now, it all subtractive. We put down very expensive materials and wash away everything we don need. ircuits can already be printed with inkjet printers.

At some relatively near-term point you may have to place chips down and interconnect them with printing.

They accomplished this by building in a tiny chip-scale commercially available battery into the device.

because they are based on existing chip-manufacturing technology; and ease of energy storage, because of their reliance on heat.

The PCB (printed circuit board) consists of a Bluetooth module, a small power supply unit, interfaces connected to sensor modules and an RFID (radio frequency identification) reader.

Wong then replicated the processes in a small transparent chip that incorporates the artificial blood vessel and the surrounding simulated tissue material.

For a new study researchers used used iron-enhanced carbon cooked from hickory chips to successfully remove the toxin.

As reported in the journal Water Research Gao ground wood chips that were heated then in nitrogen gas but not burned.

and wirelessly to smart chips programmed to perform medical tasks and report back the results.

Arbabian's team recently presented a working prototype of this wireless medical implant system at the IEEE Custom Integrated circuits Conference in San jose California.

The implant chip is powered by piezoelectricity which is caused electricity by pressure. In a piezoelectric material pressure compresses its molecular structure much like a child jumping on a bed compresses the mattress.

and decompresses a million times a second providing electrical charge to the chip"says Marcus Weber who worked on the team with fellow graduate students Jayant Charthad and Ting Chia Chang.

In the future the team plans to extend the capabilities of the implant chip to perform medical tasks such as running sensors

Finally the"smart chip"contains a radio antenna to beam back sensor readings or signal the completion of its therapeutic task.

The entire microgas chromatography system can be integrated on a single chip with low power operation, and embedded in a badge-sized device that can be worn on the body to provide noninvasive and continuous monitoring of specific health conditions. e believe this device can be extremely beneficial to society,

a single lipof the top chip will turn the channels into individual wells, with each well ideally holding a single microbe.

A thin, circular antenna spans the perimeter of the deviceoughly tracing a person irisnd harnesses enough energy from the surrounding field to power a small pressure sensor chip.

The chip communicates with a close-by receiver about any shifts in frequency which signify a change in pressure.

The chip processing mechanism is actually very simple, leaving the computational heavy lifting to the nearby receiver,

#Chip uses magnetism to sort living cells Researchers have developed a chip-like device that similar to a random access memory chip,

while built-in switches direct traffic to storage sites on the chip. The result is an integrated circuit that controls small magnetic objects much like the way electrons are controlled on computer chips.

In the study, the engineers demonstrate a 3-by-3 grid of compartments that allow magnetic beads to enter but not leave.

Applications for HIV and cancer In a random access memory chip, similar logic circuits manipulate electrons on a nanometer scale, controlling billions of compartments in a square inch.

and move with the skin uses off-the shelf chip-based electronics to continuously track health

While those also offer high-performance monitoring, the ability to incorporate readily available chip-based components provides many important

Researchers turned to soft microfluidic designs to address the challenge of integrating relatively big, bulky chips with the soft

The chip components are suspended on tiny raised support points, bonding them to the underlying patch

the chips don have to. Skin-mounted devices could give those interested in fitness tracking a more complete and accurate picture of their activity level,

Alexander Star, an associate professor of chemistry at the University of Pittsburgh, says the new chip,

The chip, festooned with tiny carbon nanotubes (engineered segments of carbon that are efficient electrical conductors) and treated with a proprietary polymer

The wirelessly powered chip can be attached to implants and can stay in the body long term.

A paper on the chip appears online in Scientific Reports. Star and his team have developed similar chip/nanotube sensors that can be affixed to a toothbrush to detect bad breath (the presence of hydrogen sulfide)

and another that can identify the beginning of an asthma attack by measuring nitric oxide. Another Star-developed chip measures acetone in breath, an indicator of diabetes.

A National Energy technology Laboratory grant supported the research

#Silly Putty component helps build carpet for stem cells The sponginess of the environment where human embryonic stem cells are growing affects the type of specialized cells they eventually become, a new study shows.

The design is based on materials widely used in integrated circuits such as gold copper and silicon making it easier to integrate in the circuit boards of modern communication devices.

The researchers device works by mimicking the way magnetic materials break the symmetry in wave transmission between two points in space a critical function that allows magnetic circulators to selectively route radio waves.

Sindy K. Y. Tang an assistant professor of mechanical engineering at Stanford university describes what she calls her ime capsule technologyin the journal Lab on a Chip.

For a new study researchers used used iron-enhanced carbon cooked from hickory chips to successfully remove the toxin.

As reported in the journal Water Research Gao ground wood chips that were heated then in nitrogen gas but not burned.

and relay commands this tiny wireless chip costs pennies to Make it's cheap enough to become the missing link between the internet as we know it

Arbabian asks. y putting all the essential elements of a radio on a single chip that costs pennies to make. ost is critical

but in the end Arbabian managed to put all the necessary components on one chip: a receiving antenna that also scavenges energy from incoming electromagnetic waves;

Based on his designs The french semiconductor manufacturer STMICROELECTRONICS fabricated 100 of these radios-on-a-chip.

Now Arbabian envisions networks of these radio chips deployed every meter or so throughout a house (they would have to be set close to one another

In a paper published in the latest issue of Lab on a Chip Vogel and her team presented a molecular assembly line featuring all the elements of a conventional production line:

This color filtering is done commonly using off-chip dielectric or dye color filters which degrade under exposure to sunlight

but this new approach has advantages beyond on-chip integrationsays LANP Director Naomi Halas the lead scientist of the study. t s also more compact and simple

The entire microgas chromatography system can be integrated on a single chip with low power operation and embedded in a badge-sized device that can be worn on the body to provide noninvasive and continuous monitoring of specific health conditions. e believe this device can be extremely beneficial to societyfan says.

Our technology could lead to a bomb-detecting chip for a handheld device that can detect the tiny-trace vapor in the air of the explosive s small molecules. he sensor also could be developed into an alarm for unexploded landmines that

#eurogrid chips mimic the brain to use less energy Compared to the human brain, today computers are ridiculously slow

Boahen and his team have developed a circuit board consisting of 16 custom-designed eurocorechips. Together these 16 chips can simulate 1 million neurons and billions of synaptic connections.

The team designed these chips with power efficiency in mind. Their strategy was to enable certain synapses to share hardware circuits.

The result was called a device Neurogrid. It about the size of an ipad and can simulate many more neurons

Synapse involves a bid to redesign chips, code-named Golden gate, to emulate the ability of neurons to make a great many synaptic connections feature that helps the brain solve problems on the fly.

HICANN CHIP FOR BRAIN SIMULATORS Heidelberg University Brainscales project has the ambitious goal of developing analog chips to mimic the behaviors of neurons and synapses.

In his analysis, Boahen creates a single metric to account for total system costncluding the size of the chip,

Each of the current million-neuron Neurogrid circuit boards cost about $40 000. Boahen believes dramatic cost reductions are possible.

Those chips were made using 15-year-old fabrication technologies. By switching to modern manufacturing processes

and fabricating the chips in large volumes, he could cut a Neurocore cost 100-folduggesting a million-neuron board for $400 a copy.

For instance, a chip as fast and efficient as the human brain could drive prosthetic limbs with the speed

The main challenge facing current chip technology is that as size decreases the power required to operate transistors does not decrease in step.

The results can be seen in batteries that drain faster and increasing heat dissipation that can damage delicate electronic circuits.

and optical switches small enough to be integrated into computer chips for information processing sensing and telecommunications says Alexander Kildishev associate research professor of electrical and computer engineering at Purdue University.

and processing of data inside chips for information technologykildishev says. he smallest featuresâ##the strokes of the lettersâ##displayed in our experiment are only 1 micron wide.

because the wavelength of light is too large to fit in tiny components needed for integrated circuits. Nanostructured metamaterials however are making it possible to reduce the wavelength of light allowing the creation of new types of nanophotonic devices says Vladimir M. Shalaev scientific director of nanophotonics at Purdue s Birck Nanotechnology Center

and can be put on the same chip that s used for data processing. raphene a single atomic layer of carbon is the world s strongest material

and also has electrical properties superior to the silicon used to make the chips found in modern electronics.

and processing radio-frequency signals are much harder to miniaturizesays project co-leader Kenneth Shepard an electrical engineering professor. hese off-chip components take up a lot of space and electrical power.

At the same time they are also trying to demonstrate integration of graphene NEMS with silicon integrated circuits making the oscillator design even more compact.

and copper energy conductors wired together on a circuit board to convert microwaves into 7. 3v of electrical energy.

The twin inverted pulse radar (TWIPR) is able to distinguish true argetssuch as electronic circuits that can be used in explosive

The new chip which is a hundred times more sensitive than current devices is fitted with wires that can be hooked up to a card for wireless data transmission

Chips may be left in place for years though they may break in freezing temperatures. Such inexpensive and accurate sensors can be spaced strategically in plants

While growers can use the sensors to monitor water in soils for their crops civil engineers can embed the chips in concrete to determine optimal moisture levels as the concrete cures. ne of our goals is to try

The sensors make use of microfluidic technologyâ##developed by Abraham Stroock associate professor of chemical and biomolecular engineeringâ##that places a tiny cavity inside the chip.

and then the chip may be inserted in a plant stem or in the soil where it through a nanoporous membrane exchanges moisture with its environment and maintains an equilibrium pressure that the chip measures.

Using chips embedded in plants or spaced across soil and linked wirelessly to computers allows growers toâ ontrol the precise moisture of blocks of land based on target goalssays Vinay Pagay who helped develop the chip as a doctoral student in Lakso s lab

. The Cornell Center for Technology Enterprise and Commercialization is handling the intellectual property rights and patents.

Source: Cornell Universityyou are free to share this article under the Creative Commons Attribution-Noderivs 3. 0 Unported license

In the accelerator-on-a-chip experiments electrons are accelerated first to near light-speed in a conventional accelerator.

Then they are focused into a tiny half-micron-high channel within a glass chip just half a millimeter long.

Turning the accelerator on a chip into a full-fledged tabletop accelerator will require a more compact way to get the electrons up to speed before they enter the device.

#Tiny optical tuning fork fits on a chip California Institute of technology rightoriginal Studyposted by Jessica Stoller-Conrad-Caltech on September 27 2013researchers have created an optical equivalent of a tuning fork that can help steady electronic currents

Itâ#the first time such a device has been miniaturized to fit on a chip and may pave the way for improvements in high-speed communication navigation

The researchers were able to stabilize the light s frequency by developing a silica glass chip resonator with a specially designed path for the photons in the shape of

what is called an Archimedean spiral. sing this shape allows the longest path in the smallest area on a chip.

In combination with the resonator a special guide for the light was used losing 100 times less energy than the average chip-based device.

While these optical oscillators are currently too large for use in small electronics there is an effort under way to miniaturize their key subcomponentsâ##like Vahala s chip-based reference cavity. miniaturized optical oscillator will represent a shift in the traditional

Jan Rabaey a world expert on electronic circuits and systems at the University of California Berkeley.

For decades progress in electronics has meant shrinking the size of each transistor to pack more transistors on a chip.

leader in chip research. He called the Stanford work major benchmarkin moving CNTS toward practical use.

But with billions of nanotubes on a chip even a tiny degree of misaligned tubes could cause errors

and director of SONIC a consortium of next-generation chip design research. he Wong/Mitra paper demonstrates the promise of CNTS in designing complex computing systemsshanbhag says adding that this will motivate researchers elsewhere toward greater efforts in chip design

The challenge is that many of these materials are fundamentally incompatible with the sorts of lithographic techniques that are used traditionally in the integrated circuit industry.

#Quantum system teleports an atom For the first time physicists have transmitted an atom from one location to another inside an electronic chip.

and more functional electronic chips says Arkady Fedorov of the ARC Centre of Excellence for Engineered Quantum systems

the first time the stunning process of quantum teleportation has now been used in a circuit to relay information from one corner of the sample to the other. hat makes our work interesting is the system uses a circuit much like modern computer chips. n our system the quantum

 ventually this technology will be used to create more powerful devices. his research indicates that questions relating to the physics of quantum communication can be addressed using electronic circuits at microwave frequencies. ne may even foresee future experiments in which quantum information will be distributed over larger distances

Fine control over these light beams will enable improvements for on-chip biomedical devices and super resolution imaging. or all these applications,

Some of the photons are allowed to escape from the device to serve a purpose such as reading data off a CD or etching a circuit board.

#One benefit of the electrically driven polariton laser is it only needs to be attached to a power supply to emit photons allowing it to be integrated easily with existing semiconductor chips in the future.

#Ambiq Micro has made a chip that consumes 10 times less energy Ambiq Micro, a semiconductor company in Austin,

which can lower the power consumption of the tiny chips used inside wearable devices by as much as 10 times in wake mode

and 38 times in sleep mode depending on the type of ARM core used inside the chip.

when sending power through the chip. Most chips send their signaling information, which determines if it is sending zeros or ones, at between 1 and 1. 8 volts,

but the Ambiq chip sends its information. 5 volts. That means it uses much less energy overall.

I love to see a slightly more delicate form factor using a smaller battery and more power-efficient chip h

and equipped with radio-frequency identification chips that would allow them to transmit ripeness data to handheld reading devices used by shopkeepers.

Each sensor and chip combined should cost about US$1, as opposed to the $1, 200 or so that gas chromatography

such as the gut-on-a-chip, can therefore significantly accelerate our ability to develop effective new drugs that will help people who suffer from these disorders."

"The gut-on-a-chip is the latest in a series of engineered organ models developed at the Wyss Institute,

which began with the lung-on-a-chip. The institute has received also funding to develop a heart-lung micromachine to test the safety and efficacy of inhaled drugs on the integrated heart and lung function,

and a spleen-on-a-chip to treat sepsis. The team gut-on-a-chip is detailed in the journal Lab on a Chip.

Source: Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineerin e

#Crab shells used to produce cheaper pharmaceuticals Crabs and lobsters...they're not just for eating, anymore.

but this new approach has advantages beyond on-chip integration adds LANP Director Naomi Halas.

Products that use silica-based nanoparticles for biomedical uses such as various chips drug or gene delivery and tracking imaging ultrasound therapy and diagnostics may also pose an increased cardiovascular

and used to reliably interconnect TQFP integrated circuits. The idea is that this new ink will enable users to easily wire together chips

and other electronic components within their 3d printed objects allowing a degree of design freedom that is simply not possible through standard methods of manufacturing.

The floor was awash in the flotsam of three freshmen clothes, backpacks, homework, packages of Chips Ahoy and Cap Crunch Crunch Berries.

and aimed it right at the circuit board. The sun melted only the sand, and, after more than four hours, he printed a glass bowl,

as the same material can also be adapted to make a##transparent conductive film,##in other words a see-through electronic circuit,

For other hi-tech products, including chips and database solutions, #China#will need more time before its products will be competitive.##

like#RFID chips that users carry with them on their persons;##some schools already require students wear them as bracelets that sensors can pick up to#deter truancy.

##That s the promise ofsmart luggage, in which GPS tracking chips are embedded in bags capable of transmitting their locations to travelers

Intel s latest chips have transistors with features as small as 14 nanometers, but it is unclear how the industry can keep scaling down silicon transistors much further or

transistors at that point must have features as small as five nanometers to keep up with the continuous miniaturization of computer chips.

who took over in 2011 after a career working on manufacturing conventional chips. Wilfried joined with a silicon technology background

Haensch s team chose the target for commercialization based on the timetable of technical improvements the chip industry has mapped out to keep alive Moore s Law

Generations of chip-making technology are known by the size of the smallest structure they can write into a chip.

IBM has made recently chips with 10 000 nanotube transistors. Now it is working on a transistor design that could be built on the silicon wafers used in the industry today with minimal changes to existing design and manufacturing methods.

The design was chosen in part based on simulations that evaluated the performance of a chip with billions of transistors.

because existing chip technology can t work at that scale. The favored solution is to chemically label the substrate

and other circuitry added to finish a chip. Haensch s team buys nanotubes in bulk from industrial suppliers

the computer chip maker,#told the New york times#in January. Once limited to silvery#images#on credit cards,

and potentially from Intel, too, depending on who HP chooses to fabricate its new chip. Last year, Whitman called out Microsoft and Intel as competitors.

#Ostendo Technologies chip to bring holograms to smartphones Ostendo chip that can produce a hologram Virtual reality won t require strapping a bulky contraption to your head in the future.

A patchwork of chips, laid together, can form far larger and more complex images. The first iteration of the chip,

which is scheduled to begin shipping next year, will only project 2-D videos, but the next version, expected to follow soon after will feature holographic capability,

a set of six chips laid together that beamed a 3-D image of green dice spinning in the air.

Ostendo s chips are at about 5, 000 dots per inch. Ostendo which says it has several opportunities with major handset manufacturers,

It also expects to begin manufacturing the second version of the chip, with 3-D capability, in the second half of 2015.

The cost to the consumer should be about $30 a chip, Ostendo estimates. Dr. El-Ghoroury said the company still needs to improve the 3-D product

the larger vision is to have Ostendo s chips everywhere electronic displays are needed, whether it is a glasses-free 3-D television screen, a smartwatch,

from the filament in a light bulb to the silicon in a computer chip. Whether we 3d print them

In addition, a chip that has several hundred MEMS sensors can be read simultaneously by one Lumimems Reader,

#IBM's new computer chip can think like a human brain IBM's latest brain-like computer chip may not be"smarter than a fifth-grader,

Researchers for the computer hardware giant have developed a postage-stamp-size chip, equipped with 5. 4 billion transistors,

individual chips can be connected together like tiles, similar to how circuits are linked in the human brain.

The team used its"Truenorth"chip, described on Aug 7 in the journal Science, to perform a task that is very challenging for conventional computers:

Modha gave an analogy to explain how the brain-like chip differs from a classical computer chip.

In contrast, IBM's new chip architecture resembles that of a living brain. The chip is composed of computing cores that each contain 256 input lines

or"axons"(the cablelike part of a nerve cell that transmits electrical signals) and 256 output lines, or"neurons."

The researchers connected more than 4, 000 of these cores on a single chip, and tested its performance with a complex image-recognition task.

10 Coolest DARPA Projects After the team constructed the chip, Modha halted work for a month and offered a $1,

The new chip is not only much more efficient than conventional computer chips, it also produces far less heat,

Building a brain IBM researchers aren't the only ones building computer chips that mimic the brain.

But while Neurogrid requires 16 chips linked together, the IBM chip can simulate the same number of neurons with only a single chip,

Modha said. In addition, Neurogrid's memory is stored off-chip, but the new IBM system integrates both computation and memory on the same chip,

which minimizes the time needed to transmit data, Modha said. Kwabena Boahen, an electrical engineer at Stanford who led the development of the Neurogrid system,

called the IBM chip"a very impressive achievement."("Several of Boahen's colleagues on the Neurogrid project have gone on to work at IBM,

The IBM team was able to fit more transistors onto a single chip, while making it very energy efficient,

IBM created the chip as part of DARPA's Synapse program (short for Systems of Neuromorphic Adaptive Plastic Scalable Electronics.

The current chip contains more 4, 000 of these cores. Still, the IBM chip is a far cry from a human brain,

The researchers say this could be used as a self-healing adhesive to repair defective semiconductor chips, for example.

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