#One In Five Sun-Like Stars Have Earthlike Planets Back in February a team at Harvard announced they had found a possible Earthlike planet just 13 lightyears away.
However if you're stargazing from your backyard with only your eyes to guide you you wouldn't be able to see these cooler smaller stars.#
and one-thousandth as bright as the sun. But in this week's PNAS Online Early Edition a team of researchers from#University of California at#Berkeley released a study that looks at how common Earth-size planets
The habitable zone includes orbits where planets receive the same amount of stellar energy from a star as the Earth receives from the sun. Earth-size planets include those that are between one and two times the size of Earth.
Using data from Kepler lead author Erik Petigura and his team analyzed 42000 G -and K-type stars visible to the naked eye from Earth.
I do think that this work is a new chapter but it's not a new book Petigura tells Popular Science.
So using custom-built software called TERRA Petigura corrected for the challenges associated with finding all of the planets orbiting stars in the Kepler field
and properties to Earth could of course aid in scientists'search for life and even future habitable sites.
#Preventing Superbugs By Deactivating Antibiotics With A Flash Of Light Bacterial resistance is becoming one of the most serious problems in the medical world
and distributing antibiotics to kill bacteria that as the antibiotics build up in the environment the bacteria are becoming immune.
Scientists at the University of Groningen have developed a possible solution that involves automatic deactivation of antibiotics.
but also does not contribute to the buildup of effective antibiotics in the environment. So the scientists attached an azobenzene a very simple chemical compound that responds strongly to light to the quinolones.
and off they go as useless waste. Even better since antibiotics sometimes cause damage on their way to infected areas you can turn these modified antibiotics on at will so they don't attack healthy bacteria in the body.#
but a team at Baylor University in Texas recently discovered that the gunk contains even more information.
what pollutants its mother passed along during nursing and when it encountered pesticides and mercury.
Next the researchers plan to try to answer questions such as how many pregnancies a female has had
if the shutdown continues the disruption to the Antarctic summer research season could be catastrophic. â##We have 22 years of data showing the summer snapshot in this area that s changing really rapidlyâ#says Oscar Schofield an oceanographer at Rutgers University. â
The whole point of a time series is to have continuous data so that you can talk about the trends in the system.
â##Once it s gone it s never coming back we lose this data foreverâ#he says. â##Because of the nature of our work where we re analyzing long time series of data
As a result they ve found themselves in the hot seat of climate change. The midwinter air temperature along the West Antarctic Peninsula where Palmer is located has increased by 11 degrees Fahrenheit over the past 50 years five times the global average.
#Some scientists have been gathering data at Palmer for even longer. Bill Fraser of the Polar Oceans Research Group has been studying seabirds there since 1974.
His team has shown that the population of Adelie penguins breeding on nearby islands dropped 30 percent over the last three decades a decline related to a suite of environmental changes such as less summer sea ice less krill
and we re left with this critical missing year that you really don t know anything aboutâ#he says. â##It s a total blank in the database.
It s a very serious impact â#Fraser says a particularly critical database documents southern giant petrels.#
Fraser suspects the influence of longline fisheries an impact he s just beginning to tease out.
For this species skipping a year of data collection â##would be something from which there s almost no recoveryâ#he says. â##We would miss a group of first year breeders or young birds
which ripples back to understanding survival rates and other things. In addition to the longterm research that takes place at Palmer there are plenty of graduate students
whose careers hinge on a single research season which is now in jeopardy. Cat Luria a Phd student at Brown University is one of them.
She s studying how microbes at the base of the oceanic food chain and global carbon cycle are affected by the seasonal transition from winter to summer.
Her team is being sent home smack in the middle of that transition. â##Graduate students and postdocs need to produce results within a short period of time.
Many including myself spent years working up to this field seasonâ#she says. â##I imagine this will be a major set back for many graduate students impeding their ability to graduate on time
or at all and get a job after graduation. â#Doing scientific research in Antarctica is incredibly important and expensive According to a March 2012 article in the NSF-funded Antarctic Sun
but at the time cost nearly $5 per pound. â ##What we don t know is
Lockheed martin which won the contract for supporting the U s. Antarctic program in 2011 could decide it s not financially feasible to reopen the station given the large investment already made in opening it once.#
#How To Make A Surface Shed Bugs Like Water Droplets Can I just coat all the walls of my apartment with this?
A team of biologists has found how to make a material that insects aren't able to walk on.
and interior pipes that often attract bugs according to the University of Freiburg the German university where the bug-repelling material's makers did their research.
Maybe in the future your entire apartment building will shed pests like a slicker sheds rain. The researchers got their inspiration from plant parts that are naturally more difficult for insects to climb.
It turns out that the best surface structure for repelling beetles has tiny folds just half a nanometer in length and half a nanometer in height.
In addition the biologists found plants'surface chemistry didn't matter to insect foot traction just plants'cuticle structure.
The researchers are now working on making a prototype bug-shedding material according to the University of Freiburg.
University of Freiburg u
#Massive CT SCANNER Will Glean Safety Insight From Wrecked Cars Computed tomography (CT SCANNERS are great for diagnosing problems in people but what about cars?
The Fraunhofer Development Center is using the biggest CT SCANNER it can find to analyze wrecked cars.
Researchers hope to gain some insight into how individual components react under the forces of a collision.
That sounds good but how do you fit a car in a CT SCANNER? Apparently you just get a bigger scanner.
Fraunhofer is building a giant scanner that it says can be used for cars as well as to detect damage to airplane wings
Here's how Fraunhofer says it will work. A crashed car is hoisted onto a turntable.
As it turns two X-ray detectors on either side scan it and a computer merges the multiple images generated into a whole three-dimensional CT SCAN.
The giant scanner has a resolution of 0. 8 mm but its designers hope to get it down to 0. 4 mm.
The scans could theoretically allow crash investigators to track the weakening or failure of specific parts across an entire car showing
which where forces were directed and how each part of a car's structure reacted. The question is:
will the giant scanners actually fit in any existing crash test labs? This article written by Stephen Edelstein was published originally on Motor Authority a publishing partner of Popular Science.
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#Sewer Sensors Detect Homemade Bombs As They're Being made Could the secret to finding illicit explosives labs before they harm anyone be hiding in a city's poop?
A European union-funded research project spearheaded by the Swedish Defense research agency FOI aims to sniff out the telltale signs of bomb-making through the sewer system.
EMPHASIS plans to take a two-pronged approach to finding explosives while they're still being assembled.
It would position sensors throughout sewers to alert authorities when traces of chemicals used to make explosives get flushed down the drain
while different sensors above the ground monitor for elevated amounts of gas byproducts of the bomb-making process in the area.
Together this data could help police find explosives while they're still being manufactured. The team behind EMPHASIS announced earlier this month that the sensors had proved#successful#in#lab tests
and will be put to the test in actual sewers next year. Scientists have looked previously into sewer sensors as a way to examine drug usage on a citywide level.
Poop! It holds so many of our secrets.##New Scientist S
#Drug Cures Mice Of Down syndrome With A Single Dose Cure Down syndrome with a single injection?
Well maybe--if you're a mouse. A team of scientists from John Hopkins University and the National institutes of health have cured newborn mice of Down syndrome by injecting them with a drug that stimulates
what's called the Sonic Hedgehog pathway (so-named because in flies a lack of the Hedgehog signaling protein causes embryos to become prickly hedgehog-like balls).
People with Down syndrome usually have smaller brain volumes than control groups including significantly smaller cerebellums a portion of the brain involved in motor control.
The researchers led by Roger Reeves of the John Hopkins University School of medicine treated newborn mice that had been engineered genetically to have Down syndrome-like characteristics with a small molecule called SAG.
After a single injection of SAG on the day the mice were born their cerebellums developed normally into adulthood.
It improved their behavior too: Mice treated with SAG performed just as well as normal mice on a memory and learning test.
But the drug is a long way from becoming a human cure. The Hedgehog pathway plays an important role
when it comes to brain development so fiddling with it could have unintended consequences. It's possible enhancing the biochemical events that lead to growth in the brain would cause issues elsewhere in the body like potentially raising the risk of cancer.
Down syndrome is very complex and nobody thinks there's going to be a silver bullet that normalizes cognition Reeves said in a statement.
Multiple approaches will be needed. The study appears in ABC. net. au Ok. I have two questions.
Don't hate me. Inquiring minds really want to know. What about the physical characteristics of Downs syndrome?
Will the child still have mongoloid characteristics but just be smarter? question 2. Is that mouse's name Algernon?
Q1) No Q2) when we asked the mouse she simply stared. jk and nice reference) Q!
sorry. Down syndrome creates a great many genetic expressions to the individual. some dont get all that are possible. most likely any physiological characteristics would be largely permanent after birth.
However if a drug were given in utero it potentially could make a difference as it might alter the genes before they were expressed.
Maybe. The treatment could also create any number of problems being given in utero. this injection was given after the mice were born
and the article states that they were bred with similar characteristic To down's not actually having Down's. just my take on it
. what Shirley explained I am impressed that some people can get paid $9525 in four weeks on the computer. official site...
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Meat production In 2050 Developed countries consume about 40 percent of meat worldwide. According to the UN that figure will fall to 30 percent by 2050 driven by population growth
but#it will also require existing farmland to be far more productive. If current trends continue to 2050#farmland will grow by only 20 percent
but fertilizer and pesticide use will more than double. To feed a hungry growing world agricultural ecologists need to know who will be eating more meat and where.#
#Click the year labels to compare today's meat consumption worldwide with projected values for 2050.
Infographic by Jan Willem Tulp. This article originally appeared in the November 2013 issue of Popular Science S
#A Smartphone App That Detects Radiation In A Disaster Disaster City is your one-stop for about every catastrophe you can think of.
Train derailments hurricanes and other unfortunate happenings all get simulated at the Texas A&m site.
a smartphone app that detects radiation. Gammapix which sounds like one of those weird apps you accidentally find in the App store
and assume doesn't work is apparently a real thing#for iphone and Android#that can be used for the detection of radioactivity in everyday life such as exposure on airplanes from medical patients or from contaminated products.
It works through a smartphone's camera so doesn't require any external attachments. Chips inside of a smartphone's built-in camera are sensitive to gamma rays;
Gammapix uses its software to measure the impact of those rays and give a picture of radioactivity#in the area.
The company says it works from up to 100 meters away.##Wednesday at the Disaster City exercise first responders measured radiation levels with the app then practiced sending the data to officials through a wireless network.
The idea's that those officials will be able to make better-informed decisions more quickly with the data.
Maybe one day civilians could download the app and be prepared to monitor radioactivity in an emergency
although they probably (hopefully) wouldn't get much of a chance to use it. The Eagle T
#How Mya Breitbart Is Mapping The Genomes Of Entire Ecosystems Each year Popular Science seeks out the brightest young scientists and engineers and names them the Brilliant Ten.
Like the 110 honorees before them the members of this year's class are dramatically reshaping their fields--and the future.
Some are tackling pragmatic questions like how to secure the Internet while others are attacking more abstract ones like determining the weather on distant exoplanets.
--The Editorsuniversity of South Floridamapping the genomes of an entire ecosystem at once. Viruses are the most abundant entities on the planet and among the most mysterious.
Mya Breitbart a microbial ecologist at the University of South Florida has figured out how to quickly decipher what they are and
Rather than try to isolate individual virus species from a sample there are up to 10 billion viruses in a liter of seawater Breitbart extracts all the genetic material present chops it into smaller pieces and sequences those pieces simultaneously.
Her contributions have been pivotal in unmasking the enormous diversity of viruses on the planet says Curtis Suttle a marine virologist at the University of British columbia.
Breitbart's approach has spawned a new branch of biology called metagenomics which researchers use to sample
and sequence genetic material directly from the enviroment. Recently Breitbart has found a new source of viruses:
mosquitoes whiteflies and dragonflies which pick up dinner and pathogens from various food sources. We call them flying syringes she says.
Sampling the viruses they carry could enable her to detect a pathogen early. Usually you wait for an outbreak
and figure out what virus is causing it she says. This gives us a way of finding things before they become a big problem.
This article originally appeared in the October 2013 issue of Popular Science. my gf's aunt just got an awesome 6 month old Volkswagen Touareg by working parttime off of a pc.
#How Scott Collis Is Harnessing New Data To Improve Climate models Each year Popular Science seeks out the brightest young scientists and engineers and names them the Brilliant Ten.
Some are tackling pragmatic questions like how to secure the Internet while others are attacking more abstract ones like determining the weather on distant exoplanets.
--The Editorsargonne National Laboratoryharnessing new data to improve climate modelsclouds are one of the great challenges for climate scientists.
They play a complex role in the atmosphere and in any potential climate change scenario. But rudimentary data has simplified their role in simulations leading to variability among climate models.
Scott Collis discovered a way to add accuracy to forecasts of future climate by tapping new sources of cloud data.
Collis has extensive experience watching clouds first as a ski bum during grad school in Australia and then as a professional meteorologist.
and Climate research he realized there was an immense source of cloud data that climate modelers weren't using:
So Collis took on the gargantuan task of building open-access tools that convert the raw data from radar databases into formats that climate modelers can use.
In one stroke Collis unlocked years of weather data. We were able to build such robust algorithms that they could work over thousands of radar volumes without human intervention says Collis.
When the U s. Department of energy caught wind of his project it recruited him to work with a new radar network designed to collect high-quality cloud data from all over the globe.
The network the largest of its kind isn't complete yet but already the data that Collis and his collaborators have collected is improving next-generation climate models.
Click here to see more from our annual celebration of young researchers whose innovations will change the world.
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#How Justin Cappos Created A New Way To Cloud Compute Each year Popular Science seeks out the brightest young scientists and engineers and names them the Brilliant Ten.
Some are tackling pragmatic questions like how to secure the Internet while others are attacking more abstract ones like determining the weather on distant exoplanets.
--The Editorspolytechnic Institute of New york Universitycreating a new way to cloud computejustin Cappos can access the Internet from anywhere in the world a desktop computer in Ethiopia an Android phone in France even a tablet on an island off the coast of Antarctica
As a computer scientist at the Polytechnic institute of New york University Cappos has developed a completely different way to cloud compute.
In typical cloud computing users connect to a powerful centralized data center. But Cappos's cloud is less of a dense thunderhead and more of a fog.
and CPU in an isolated safe way he says. Because Seattle allows users to access the Net with foreign IP ADDRESSES it enables developers to view their sites
or apps as they would in other countries. That ability is also particularly valuable to individuals who wish to circumvent local censorship.
By the end of 2012 Seattle had 20000 users. Cappos and colleagues are now working on software that could access the sensors in smartphones as well.
Scientists could use it to test new apps such as an earthquake monitor that uses a phone's accelerometer to measure quake intensity.
Soon Cappos hopes to use Seattle to surf the Net from the International space station too. Click here to see more from our annual celebration of young researchers whose innovations will change the world.
This article originally appeared in the October 2013 issue of Popular Science. my co-worker's mom makes $77 hourly on the laptop.
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#How David Schmale Tracks Airborne Microbes With Drones Each year Popular Science seeks out the brightest young scientists and engineers and names them the Brilliant Ten.
Like the 110 honorees before them the members of this year's class are dramatically reshaping their fields--and the future.
Some are tackling pragmatic questions like how to secure the Internet while others are attacking more abstract ones like determining the weather on distant exoplanets.
An associate professor of food safety and plant biosecurity at Virgina Tech Schmale sends drones armed with petri dishes into the atmosphere to capture airborne crop pathogens.
The data he has gathered explains how pathogens ride on wind currents and provides a glimpse into an almost unknown ecosystem far above our heads.
With the data he has collected thus far Schmale has built a model of atmospheric circulation that shows large sections of air sweeping across the face of the planet like waves across an ocean transporting dust and microbes thousands of miles.
He's planning to adapt his model to predict the movement of plant pathogens which could help farmers preemptively protect their crops by describing where to strategically deploy pesticides.
so he'll be sending his drones into them to collect samples. If clouds provide a longer-term reservoir of bacteria
This article originally appeared in the October 2013 issue of Popular Science. my co-worker's mom makes $77 hourly on the laptop.
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#How Feng Zhang Modified A Cell's Genome On the fly Each year Popular Science seeks out the brightest young scientists and engineers and names them the Brilliant Ten.
Like the 110 honorees before them the members of this year's class are dramatically reshaping their fields--and the future.
Some are tackling pragmatic questions like how to secure the Internet while others are attacking more abstract ones like determining the weather on distant exoplanets.
--The Editorsmassachusetts Institute of technology and Broad Institutemodifying a cell's genome on the flywhen Feng Zhang was in graduate school he discovered that the tools for splicing new genes into living cells were costly time-consuming and proprietary.
They dramatically sped up the study of genetics and disease. The techniques Zhang helped develop called TALE
and CRISPR create transgenic or otherwise genetically modified organisms with unprecedented efficiency. TALE is a molecule that gloms onto a section of DNA
CRISPR is based on a microbial enzyme that snips the DNA to introduce new genetic material. Using these methods Zhang can make a transgenic mouse in three weeks (normal methods require more than six months to achieve that feat.
Almost 2000 labs have requested information about CRISPR alone since it was cited first in a publication in January 2013.
If someone had protected the HTML language for making Web pages then we wouldn't have the World wide web.
Zhang plans to use the techniques to study the genetics of autism and schizophrenia. He has begun already to insert genes linked to each disorder one by one into animal models to observe their effects.
Now that he has the tools he says the rest of his work can begin. Click here to see more from our annual celebration of young researchers whose innovations will change the world This article originally appeared in the October 2013 issue of Popular Science. my neighbor's mother makes $66/hour on the computer.
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#How Arjun Raj Reveals The Inner Workings Of Cells Each year Popular Science seeks out the brightest young scientists and engineers and names them the Brilliant Ten.
Like the 110 honorees before them the members of this year's class are dramatically reshaping their fields--and the future.
Some are tackling pragmatic questions like how to secure the Internet while others are attacking more abstract ones like determining the weather on distant exoplanets.
Arjun Raj and his collaborators at the University of Pennsylvania invented a technique to track that gene expression and its effects.
Just as grocery store receipts show which foods are most popular RNA molecules which carry genetic information from DNA reveal
which genes are turned on and how often they're active. To track a specific RNA strand Raj bathes a cell with segments of fluorescent DNA.
Those segments bind the RNA in different locations lining up along it like Christmas lights along a roof
When a chromosome gets chopped into several pieces and reassembled as often happens in cancer even undamaged genes are expressed at different levels than in a normal chromosome.
Raj also discovered that in genetically identical worms varying levels of gene transcription could mean the difference between a long life and an early death.
But now that cell biologists can see these subtle events they can begin to study why the events happen.
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