#How Nicolas Fontaine Is Saving The Internet From Itself Each year Popular Science seeks out the brightest young scientists and engineers and names them the Brilliant Ten.
Some are tackling pragmatic questions like how to secure the Internet while others are attacking more abstract ones like determining the weather on distant exoplanets.
--The Editorsbell Labs Alcatel-Lucentsaving the Internet from itselfnearly all communications data Web phone television runs through a network of fiber-optic cables.
But within a decade data traffic is expected to outgrow infrastructure which will result in transmissions that are garbled slow
Nicolas Fontaine an optical engineer at Bell labs Alcatel-lucent has devised a clever way to avoid a data bottleneck.
Fontaine and his colleagues invented a new kind of multiplexer a device that bundles multiple inputs into one stream
in order to cram a lot more data into a single optical fiber. It works by routing different light beams called modes along carefully planned pathways;
the beams of information travel together but don't interfere with one another. The old fiber would be only a single-lane highway says Fontaine.
Now we can add multiple lanes. Fontaine's multiplexer avoids the signal loss that crippled earlier devices;
he has shown already that his multiplexer can send six light streams down 497 miles of fiber without losing data along the way.
While previous multiplexers are a cubic foot or more; Fontaine's is 50 cubic millimeters. Since it's made of glass
and etched by laser it would be cheap to produce. The device is also scalable:
Right now we're working on a 10-mode device an order of magnitude over existent single-mode fiber Fontaine says.
In response a company called Shark Attack Mitigation Systems (SAMS) and University of Western australia scientists have been working to protect swimmers surfers
Many animals in biology are repelled by noxious animals â##prey that provide a signal that somehow says'Don't eat
me'â##and that has been manifest in a striped pattern UWA professor Shaun Collin told the Guardian.
I'm shocked that anyone can make $8691 in 4 weeks on the internet. have you read this site...
Sharks don t generate their own electric field. Instead they have sensors that can pick up electric signals
which are created by every living animal in the water. This is passive electrolocation. When you go into the ocean you have called
Sharks can sense electric fields of creatures around them. Perhaps the don't eat me markings would be benifical in that case...
The hotels I go have large clean swimming pools. I never swim in other's sewage r
Just last year, more than 200 people in Lahore died after contaminated cardiac medicines containing a toxic amount of an anti-malaria drug hit the city's supply.
and patients are desperate for affordable medicine. Consider this: The World health organization says that at least 10 percent to 30 percent of the pharmaceutical market in these countries is compromised."
"says Zaman, now a biomedical engineer at Boston University. The bogus-drug trade isn't just a problem for the world's poorest patients:
and others entering the U s. through Web dealers and importers. Last year, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) warned consumers about fakes of Adderall, the attention-deficit-disorder drug,
and use ultraviolet lamps and a hot plate stored in two heavy suitcases. Zaman has made a cheap handheld scanner called Pharmacheck to quickly identify fake medicine in villages
clinics, and hospitals. Users (who need only a few days'training) dissolve samples inside a small beaker in the machine.
The liquid then runs onto a microfluidic chip the size of a postage stamp, where it combines with a molecule designed to bind solely with the drug in question.
Binding sets off a fluorescent probe, whose light can be analyzed with a cellphone camera. The process reveals how much of the drug is present
and how quickly it dissolves, and takes 15 minutes or less.""We can know what we're dealing with,
Some drugs are entirely fakenake oil, sawdust, chalk. But others, particularly those in developing countries, might contain an ineffective amount of medicine or release the right amount in the wrong way;
either case is potentially deadly. Pharmacheck is designed to recognize these drugs as well. Too strong a signal right away could mean that the medicine wasn't made properly
and is probably toxic. Too weak a signal means there might not be enough of the active ingredient to be effective (in antibiotics,
low doses could lead, over time, to drug-resistant microbes). Zaman's Pharmacheck prototype has already been successful in lab tests on oxytocin,
and at prices low enough for practical use. Some drugs are entirely fake. Others contain an ineffective amount of medicine.
Meanwhile, the FDA is ramping up deployment of its own handheld scanners, which detect changes in a drug's ingredients
The user compares that image to one of a genuine sample. If the two don't look the same,
A group of chemists from St mary's College in Indiana and Notre dame has gotten into the detective game, too.
Users then send a photo of the paper to an automatic Web service for a"real"or"fake"response.
Its goal is less than a dollar per test. And at that price, it's potentially the cheapest system yet s
#Scientists Create First Cloned Human Embryo Scientists have made an embryonic clone of a person using DNA from that person's skin cells.
In the future such a clone could be a source of stem cells for super-personalized therapies made from people's own DNA.
It's unlikely that this clone could develop into a human say the scientists a team of biologists from the U s. and Thailand.
Mitalipov is a biologist who studies cells and development at the Oregon Health and Science University.
when Woo Suk Hwang of Seoul National University said he'd made human clones. It turned out Hwang was lying.
Now Mitalipov and his team have made clones using the same basic technique that created Dolly the cloned sheep in 1996.
and transplanted them into eggs that had their own genetic material removed. They then grew the eggs for a few days harvested the daughter cells that appeared
Mitalipov and his colleagues published a paper about their work today in the journal Cell.
You also fail to mention just how many advances in modern medicine we were given by the Germans.
Anyhow there are other ways to immortality then what you described. I'd rather just use nanotech to keep the body
i have right now alive for eternity!!!Become superman so to speak human version 2. 0!!!The Singularity is Nearadditional Comment
And yes a lot of medical breakthroughs came from the horrible experiments done by the Nazi's
and disposed of it as useless fodder a left over byproduct as they attempt to make stem cells they believe they have gotten around a moral dilemma of cloning humans.
This is a science website and people here justifiably mock you. Your views are childish illogical nonsense that should be deplored in any civilized forum.
The process that created Dolly the sheep in 1996 has now been proven successful in humans...
Dolly the sheep did come to term as a living breathing sheep YES. The human enbryo via a scientific choice did not come to term by was exploited for other purposes then disposed of.
If you do a Google search for pictures of Dolly the clone sheep you will find many.@
-which might not actually manage to develop into a human even under the right conditions-than of individuals who suffer daily with crippling diseases that were thrust upon them by chance
Some people objected to artificial insemination I don't a big difference in these methods of reproduction.
It's how they made Dolly the sheep. It's viable enough. Kill that embryo
and environment They can not live on their own they are dependant in their immediate physiological functions on very specific stimuli and circumstances.
Guess what else could develop into a person given the right circumstances and environment: practically anything on the planet certainly sperm cells even skin cells (as this reseach so obviously shows.
So is a biological system with the future potential to develop into a person itself an actual person or not?
With acceptance of an embryo as a commodity to be slice and dice and exploit for science moral reduces humanity to a commodity as well.
There is one good declaration of science in developing the sheep embryo to full term and adulthood.
While toying around the Dolly embryo it also proved it IS a fully functioning life form.
In this single proof displays we should not toy exploit human embryos and make a commodity of embryos for they are full human life.
This is not religion but good morals and values human life without measure. Human life is priceless!
Stem cell research is an incredibly valuable source of information concerning real diseases that real humans are really suffering from right at this very moment.
Stem cell-derived organs might in future provide accurate disease models for screening of pharmaceutical compounds reducing the requirement for animal testing
and potentially getting new medicines to the people who need them more rapidly. Not to mention the potential applications of stem cell-derived organs in toxicology screens for new pharmaceutical compounds
in order to reduce the chances of severe side effects manifesting further down the line in real living people.
Study of embryonic stem cells will further our understanding of developmental biology which will lead to a better understanding of embryogenesis potentially leading to currently unavailable treatments for debilitating congenital disorders
'there is enormous medical potential here and I think that to deny such potential for the individuals who will most benefit from it in future
DR-Work such as this will lead to significant medical breakthroughs in future therefore it is justified.
#Which Drugs Actually Kill Americans Infographic Death reporting in the U s. requires an underlying cause the event or disease that lead to the death.
This chart represents all those listed in the CDC database as accidental poisoning intentional self-poisoning assault by drugs
And about a quarter of all overdose death certificates don't have the toxicity test results listed at all landing them in the unspecified stripe.
Also the database doesn't include nonresidents either undocumented immigrants or U s. citizens living abroad.
or one on diabetes or obesity it would fit but not here. How can you put up this graph
All they use google for is to search for porn. Taylorjusher That is because people are believing the lie that legal drugs are safe and illegal ones are dangerous.
The gun slingers sneaking booze in? yet it is many factors of scale larger than the deaths with MJ...
@killert-Google can find Porn? WTF? How and since when?:Color gray often used to illustrate we cannot decide.
But at the end at our death a doctor will often just list one or a few things that nailed our coffin not all
The elderly obese man had drugs in his system as he stepped in front of the bus that squished him running away from his angry wife with that machete.
Good to see the folks over at Popsci are focusing on Cannabis and the many benefits of this wonder plant.
Keep up the good work Popsci.##Opcannabisi agree sugar salt and other chemicals added to our foods needs to be focused on
Upon autopsytheir fatty liver disease resembled that of an alcoholic. However the culprit was excess sugar
from a life time of eating processed foods! More proof that the war on drugs is a wasteful fallacy.
Absolute BS. I don't know where they got these statistics but I don't believe them one bit.
overdoses from cannabis and all of the psychedelics COMBINED (LSD mescaline etc) are practically zero and need to be lumped in with'overdose by assault'(basically murder by poisoning)
in order to even show up as a single pixel wide line on this graph. Diverdan I believe'treatment related'would fall under unintentional self-harm the largest sub-category.
Suicides would fall under intentional self-harm which has grown a negligible amount but almost nothing compared to the unintentional category.
but in reality those levels could never be reached. http://www. druglibrary. org/schaffer/library/mj overdose. htmmarijuana also doesn't cause cancer. http://www. washingtonpost. com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/05/25
Those methods still can't yield a toxic response and nullify the risks associated with smoking.
Stole this from yahoo answers By the truth...This is insulting that Marijuana is lumped in there at all.
Remember the difference between a medicine and a poison is dose. I think the next question people should be asking
Cannabis being lumped into the same category as LSD and overdose by assault. What is represented not effectively conspicuously seemingly by design are drugs that cause zero deaths.
It does not show deaths from chronic health problems caused by drug use nor accidents (car crashes falls) nor suicides while intoxicated.
If all these other deaths were shown the death count for alcohol would be much much greater. 2. Overdose deaths from cannabis LSD magic mushrooms
#Something Is Killing Up to Half Of America's Bees There's some kind of environmental issue/plague/apocalypse killing America's honeybees
Before about 2005 beekeepers might lose 5 to 10 percent of their hives when winter rolled around.
Now some beekeepers are losing more than 50 percent to what's called colony collapse disorder. New pesticides called neonicotinoids which are implanted directly into plants might be to blame but nothing's definitive the New york times reports.
That means a poor yield for beekeepers and ultimately problems for consumers. Bees don't just make honey remember
but pollinate a ton of what we eat--as much as a fourth of it. That could lead to less food and higher food prices.
Hopefully the problem gets fully diagnosed --and fixed--sooner than later. New york times The most viable hypothesis is that mobile phones bandwidth is disorienting and killing Bees.
And is developed a world phenomenon not just NA. Badbot: That's a pretty wild claim.
Can you provide a citation? Just in case...can we artificially pollinate plants? No bees on Mars just sayin...
It is GMO CROPS watch the documentary on Netflix or go to rt. com Brainless Americans you are the reasons corporations have taken over our government
and the supreme court and Obama just signed a bill protecting monsanto and GMO CROPS. I bet you watch fox news
and CNN religiously while your rights and freedoms are chiseled slowly away and you believe all the lies feed to you by corporate media.
Capitalism is a failure Marxism is the outcome capitalism has lead to this democracy becoming a corptocracy. telegraph Mobile phones responsible for disappearance of honey bee and many others just google ithailey.
last saturday I bought a new Chevrolet from having earned $4701 this-last/4 weeks
www. crownbees. com/beeactionthe power of the backyard is immense. With the protections afforded telecomms
It's going great. the problem is bayer's neonicotinoid pesticides they accumulate in the plants
when the farmer selects his seeds. On the long term this will lead to worsen relation between the bees and the plants.
Lucas K. â##If the bee disappeared off the face of the earth man would only have four years left to live. â#â##Albert Einsteinthere's a long article Colony collapse disorder on wikipedia that is definitely worth reading
That awkward moment when some random joe badbot tells scientists to google it because apparently one's google Ph d means a lot more than a University Ph. dreally we could probably find a way to artificially pollinate plants.
But thats not the point the point is we shouldn't have to artificially pollinate plants we should stop damaging the natural system that does it.
There are many ways to pollinate. http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Pollination But what is killing the bees
or wireless signals Colony collapse disorder has been around for almost 100 years. It was first report was in the American Bee Journal in 1918 not 2005 as the source article suggests.
Bee (mythology) en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Bee %28mythology%29bee-keeping www. reshafim. org. il/ad/egypt/timelines/topics/beekeeping. htmthe
First Beekeepers ferrebeekeeper. wordpress. com/2012/05/18/the-first-beekeepers/Scientists? Huh the scientists debate on popsci forum that is how you reason?
Earlier comments are correct about cell phones...well technically research and associative patterns have showed a strong correlation between bees being affected
which include transmission towers (cellular and digital television broadcasting) fluorescent lighting Wi-fi Power lines and certain appliances.
Using GIS (geographic information system) by plotting the location of strong non-iodizing sources and mapping their frequencies and power outputs one is able to see a correlation within a set radius of bee populations affected by theses sources of non-iodizing radiation.
Unfortunately this topic is a strong inconvenient truth but countries like Brazil and especially Spain as reported by THE WHO (world health organization) have reported an increasing number of proven studies used in successful lawsuits. jameslech Going with you train of thought
or none RF radiation would be places of high bee population. I wonder if this has been looked at to give validity to the above theory.
Their pesticides are the biggest pest the world has seen ever. Start to look when the bees population started it's decline
and compare it with the pesticides that gained market share since that time. Then only look how that is linked to MONSANTO.
The new launch site will wean Russia off its dependence on Kazakhstan's Baikonur launch facility.
State-run news agency Ria Novosti has said that it will carry dust monitors and plasma sensors to sense high-energy cosmic rays as well.
and maybe Putin feels the Russians could make a profit selling a lunar space system to the Chinese.
Like building giant greenhouses to grow food on to help take some strain off earth's resources.
Just imagine thousands of kilometers of farm without having to clear cut thousands of kilometers of forest or other habitat on earth...
Like building giant greenhouses to grow food on to help take some strain off earth's resources...
Since the lunar environment has none of the resources needed for agriculture (except for sunlight) just how would this take some of the strain off earth's resources?
We would have to launch water CO2 soil chemical fertilizers the materials to construct the greenhouses
but I ll see violet turquoise blue she said. It s like a mosaic of color.#
Mutations in the X chromosome cause a person to perceive more or less color which is why men more commonly have congenital colorblindness than women
(if their one X chromosome has a mutation). But the theory stood that if a woman received two mutated X chromosomes she could have four cones instead of the usual three.
and someone with normal vision is not as dramatic as the difference between someone who is colorblind and someone with normal vision according to Kimberly Jameson a cognitive scientist at the Institute for Mathematical Behavioral Sciences at the University of California in Irvine.
She and her colleague Alissa Winkler at the University of Nevada in Reno have been studying Antico for about a year to better understand tetrachromacy.
but the tests that are used currently are designed not for more than three pigments--red green and blue.
in order to better understand how their brains work. Jameson became fascinated with how people are able to form
If you have an extra cone class in the retina that greatly complicates how that signal might be taking shape as it leaves the retina.
I have a mutation Antico said. The more she helps scientists understand tetrachromacy she figures the better they will be able to help people like her daughter.
and she has a number of students who are colorblind. One of the things that has been made apparent by looking at their artwork is that they have a good appreciation for color unlike any other individual who
but Jameson is intrigued by the prospect of improving people s perception of color through the training that neuroplasticity allows.
In addition to spending her time helping researchers better understand tetrachromacy Antico hopes to open an art school for the colorblind
Roxana Geambasu Exposes How Companies Use Your Data As a computer scientist Roxana#Geambasu of Columbia University says she picks new projects based on
She hates ceding control of her personal data online which is why she s building software that allows people to see where the information they upload to the cloud goes.#
#In order to understand how companies share data Geambasu devises clever ways to track the repercussions. Her latest software uses a series of shadow accounts to see how ads change
when certain phrases are used. She found for instance that when people email about topics like cancer or depression ads for spiritual meditation services will appear.
What's more if people then click on those ads they've confirmed the targeting was effective.
Other programs she s designed make data self-destruct after a set period of time help users track
what information they ve entered where and limit data breaches from lost or stolen phones.
Geambasu views her work as a way to provide some of the corporate transparency she hopes to see in the future.
I m not#sure we have anonymity at all anymore she says. But this idea of services declaring what data they use is going to become extremely important.
As long as companies aren t saying what they do with users#information she ll work to make public how that personal data is shared.
This article#originally appeared in the October 2014 issue of Popular Science. Click#here#to read about the#other#Brilliant Ten#honorees of 2014
For example when he set out to build a diagnostic microscope for health workers he knew it would have to be rugged cheap and easily produced.
and designed and kept in the silos of universities Prakash says. He wants to bring them to the masses.
and sold for scrap and it is only through historical memory that we know of them.
Preserving modern wonders for posterity is the main inititiative of Cyark a nonprofit that uses 3-D laser scanning to create a digital archive of the world s cultural heritage sites.
which is like radar except instead of bouncing back radio waves it uses lasers. LIDAR systems existed before Cyark
Kacyra's company built a scanner that could work outside off battery power and didn't require special protective shielding for eyes.
Some of the sites cataloged are relatively low-hanging fruit like the Washington monument. According to Cyark vice president Elizabeth Lee scanning the whole of the monument inside
Other sites are trickier. The Rani Ki Van stepwell in India took approximately two weeks to get all the detail.
Still other sites are collected incidentally. Yesterday Cyark announced a partnership with Here a Nokia mapping project.
Here cars use cameras and lasers to provide detailed travel maps capturing the curve of the road and details down to a centimeter accuracy.
Cyark admitted Here's maps of historical parts of both New orleans and Philadelphia into their digital archive preserving the shape of not just single sites but whole neighborhoods.
The Washington monument and New orleans are not knock on wood under threat in the same way as the Bamiyan Buddhas
but there's still an element of triage to Cyark s whole project. Lee told Popular Science that an international panel helps us set up criteria for evaluation sites looking at risk facing the sites significance of the sites and technical benefits of the sites.
Risk is a big factor for us and in certain situations it's too late to go in safely.
Part of the project is trying to be proactive--to get the sites before they're gone.
Some of the sites can be explored online at Cyark whose homepage currently features a totally not creepy slowly moving Mount rushmore e
With a wavelength of 550 nanometers typically used that means most microscopes can only see about 0. 2 micrometers (or about the width of a bacterium) according to Abbe.
This year the Nobel prize in Chemistry was awarded to three scientists for their work in circumventing the optical resolution limit.
A small molecule can be just one nanometer long. With the help of these nanoscopes researchers have been able to visualize molecules such as those created in synapses in the brain.
They can also track protein buildup in numerous degenerative diseases such as Alzheimer s or Parkinson s. In fact nanoscopy can even be used to visualize the individual proteins in fertilized eggs.
The Nobel prizes were rewarded for two different methods of enhancing optical resolution. Stefan Hell of the Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry developed a method known as stimulated emission depletion microscopy in
while the second beam suppresses all other fluorescence except for that in a nanometer-sized area.
Only the nanometer-sized volume is registered by the microscope and a brightly lit image with better resolution than 0. 2 micrometers is revealed.
Eric Betzig and William Moernerreceived Nobel prizes for their work in advancing the field of single-molecule microscopy.
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