Earthquake

Avalanche (12)
Earthquake (221)
Tsunami (27)
Volcano eruption (43)

Synopsis: Domenii: Environmental challenges: Environmental challenges generale: Environmental degradation: Cataclysmic event: Earthquake:

after a 6. 8 magnitude earthquake devastated the country. The temblor leveled entire towns and cities, killing more than 25,000 Armenians, two-thirds of them children.

With support from the Armenian Relief Society, Goenjian and his colleagues helped establish a pair of psychiatric clinics that treated earthquake survivors for 21 years.

and water quality in major shipping arteries and will include a system to predict the impact of offshore earthquakes tsunamis storm surge and underwater landslides.

NC will use an IBM on-premise cloud to run simulations on earthquakes and tsunamis with a goal of predicting their behaviour and potential impact on coastal areas.

They occur as a result of earthquakes, usually at the bottom of the sea. But at present such earthquakes cannot be foreseen.

Quick responses are therefore vital. sunamis travel very quickly and occur relatively near the shore.

It may be only a matter of 15-20 minutes after the earthquake that the wave hits the shore,

The system positions sensors at sea and on the coast to pick up earthquakes and to determine the size of the tsunami waves that they are likely to produce

as well as the National Earthquake Information Centre in Jakarta. With the support of local staff DEWS was installed successfully at BMKG for evaluation

Similar patterns to those in solar flares can also be found in earthquakes avalanches or the stock market. olar explosions do not of course have any connection with stock exchange ratessays Hermann

#Is this mineral to blame for deep earthquakes? University of Chicago rightoriginal Studyposted by Steve Koppes-Chicago on September 25 2013scientists are closer to understanding deep earthquakes which occur

when tectonics drive the oceanic crust under continental plates. Their new research is a large step toward replicating the full power of these earthquakesâ##to learn what sets them off

-triggered brittle failures during the olivine-spinel (mineral) phase transformation has many similar features to deep earthquakes. ang

and a team of scientists simulated deep earthquakes by using a pressure of 5 gigapascals more than double the previous studies of 2 GPA.

and erupt into violent earthquakes yet it does. And that has puzzled scientists since the phenomenon of deep earthquakes was discovered nearly 100 years ago.

Interest spiked with the May 24 2013 eruption in the waters near Russia of the world s strongest deep earthquakeâ##roughly five times the power of the great San francisco quake of 1906.

These deep earthquakes occur in older and colder areas of the oceanic plate that gets pushed into the earth s mantle.

It has been speculated that the earthquakes are triggered when a mineral common in the upper mantle olivine undergoes a transformation that weakens the whole rock temporarily causing it to fail. ur current goal is to understand why

and how deep earthquakes happen. We are not at a stage to predict them yet.

More than 20 years ago geologist Harry Green of University of California Riverside and colleagues discovered a high-pressure failure mechanism that they proposed then was sought the long mechanism of very deep earthquakes (earthquakes

and showed that it coincides with the locations of deep earthquakes. In the September 20 issue of Science Green and colleagues explain how to simulate these earthquakes. e confirmed essentially all aspects of our earlier experimental work

and extended the conditions to significantly higher pressuregreen says. The ability to do such experiments allows scientists like Green to simulate the appropriate conditions within the Earth

which earthquakes happen at hundreds of kilometers depth. The origin of deep earthquakes fundamentally differs from that of shallow earthquakes (earthquakes occurring at less than a depth of 50 kilometers/31 miles.

In the case of shallow earthquakes theories of rock fracture rely on the properties of coalescing cracks

and friction. ut as pressure and temperature increase with depth intracrystalline plasticity dominates the deformation regime

and undergoes a transformation resulting in spinel a mineral of higher density. he research team focused on the role that phase transformations of olivine might play in triggering deep earthquakes.

and found the arthquakesonly within a narrow temperature range that simulates conditions where the real earthquakes occur in Earth. sing synchrotron X-rays to aid our observations we found that fractures nucleate at the onset of the olivine to spinel transitiongreen says. urther these fractures propagate dynamically

These phase transitions in olivine we argue in our research paper provide an attractive mechanism for how very deep earthquakes take place. ang says researchers next goal is to study the material silicate olivine which requires much higher pressures.

In the last few decades seismometers measuring earthquakes travelling through the Earth s core have identified an eastwards

if the grid goes down in an earthquake or storm##a key selling point as climate change spawns increasingly powerful hurricanes and tornadoes.

The system could be especially useful after avalanches and earthquakes, when people might be buried under many feet of snow or rubble.

The oceanic crust is formed at ridges between tectonic plates, where rising lava meets sea water and cools.

Researchers surveying Lake Neuchâtel for evidence of past earthquakes spotted the craters near the lake northwestern shore near the Jura Mountains.

The team was using ship-based sonar to search for sediment that had been disturbed by earthquakes.

The swiss Alps occasionally shake from earthquakes of up to magnitude 6, studies have shown. Scientists are also investigating the risk of earthquake

-and landslide-triggered tsunamis in Alpine lakes. In the past decade researchers have discovered that tsunamis wiped out villages along the shores of both Lake Geneva and Lake Lucerne in the past 1, 500 years.

At least one crater directly overlies a major earthquake fault. For instance, water inside Crazy crater is 47 degrees Fahrenheit (8. 4 degrees Celsius),

When an earthquake and tsunami struck Japan Fukushima nuclear power plant in 2011, knocking out emergency power supplies,

An earthquake and a caterpillarin general, the researchers found that when atoms in the ion crystal were spaced regularly,

as the atoms collectively jump to the next trough. t like an earthquake, Vuletic says. here force building up,

Aguilar conceived of the Explorer after the 2010 Haiti earthquake, as a student at both MIT Sloan and the Kennedy School of Government at Harvard university.

#7. 1-Magnitude Earthquake Hit Off The Coast Of Japan A 7. 1-magnitude earthquake hit off the coast of Japan earlier today about 200 miles east of the town of Namie

In March 2011 the M9 0 earthquake that struck about 59 miles north of this event#displaced huge amounts of ocean water as the Pacific tectonic plate slipped under the Okhotsk#plate#triggering#a massive tsunami that killed thousands and knocked out

Since then multiple earthquakes have struck this region including a M7. 3 quake in December of last year

Scientists could use it to test new apps such as an earthquake monitor that uses a phone's accelerometer to measure quake intensity.

The Packbot was also the first remote controlled robot to enter the Fukushima nuclear facility after the East Japan Earthquake and tsunami in March 2011.

#Second Deadly Quake Hits Nepal Near Everest At least 16 people were killed in a new earthquake that struck devastated Nepal on Tuesday, according to a bulletin from the country's disaster agency.

"According to local government, some houses damaged by the previous earthquake collapsed. Since residents were transferred to safe areas last time

#Major earthquake strikes Nepal A major earthquake has struck eastern Nepal, two weeks after more than 8, 000 people were killed in a devastating quake.

The latest earthquake hit near the town of Namche Bazar, near Mount everest. The US Geological Survey said it had a magnitude of 7. 4. An earthquake on 25 april,

centred in western Nepal, had a magnitude of 7. 8. The latest tremor was felt as far away as the Indian capital Delhi,

which was damaged badly in last month's earthquake.""This is a really big one,"Prakash Shilpakar,

The epicentre of the latest earthquake was 83km (52 miles) east of Kathmandu, in a rural area close to the Chinese border.

Shallower earthquakes are more likely to cause more damage at the surface. The BBC's Yogita Limaye, who was with an aid convoy in Nepal

when the latest earthquake struck, tweeted:""We're safe. Did feel the earth shake for quite a long time.

Hsin-Hua Huang from the University of Utah and his colleagues tracked seismic waves from almost 5, 000 earthquakes.

solar-powered mobile phone network for use in disasters like floods and earthquakes when regular communications are disrupted often.

when it was struck by a massive earthquake in 2010. But that system could only send text messages to its subscribers on their mobile phones,

#Nepal Earthquake: Health Threats Loom Over Survivors The aftermath of the Nepal earthquake brings a risk of disease outbreaks including measles and diarrheal diseases among the survivors,

and humanitarian agencies are rushing to bring aid to help. The 7. 8-magnitude earthquake that hit the region Saturday (April 25) has had a devastating impact,

with an estimated 7 million people affected, including 2. 8 million children, according to the United nations children's fund (UNICEF).

Diarrheal and respiratory diseases are some of health experts'main concerns in the earthquake's aftermath."

One challenge after disasters like the Nepal earthquake is just providing people with the care they would normally need in their daily lives."

But now, after the earthquake"it will be difficult just to continue business as usual, "Milzman said.

Some remote villages still have not received assistance, two days after the earthquake, according to the New york times. Although the 2010 Haiti earthquake presented challenges, the Nepal earthquake is in some ways more challenging because of its remote location,

#Nepal Earthquake Destroys Historic Temples The massive earthquake that killed more than 5, 000 people in Nepal over the weekend also left dozens of historic buildings in ruins.

I am aggrieved deeply by the magnitude of human loss caused by the earthquake in Nepal,"Irina Bokova,

"Bigger Earthquake Coming on Nepal's Terrifying Faults Several buildings in the seven UNESCO monument zones in Kathmandu Valley the cultural heart of Nepal were destroyed when the 7. 8-magnitude

earthquake struck 50 miles (80 kilometers) northwest of the capital, Kathmandu, on Saturday (April 25. There was extensive damage to the medieval temples that line the UNESCO-designated Durbar Squares

and it was filled with tourists climbing the spiral staircase at the time of the earthquake.

after it was damaged during the magnitude-8. 0 earthquake that struck on Jan 15, 1934, and killed more than 10,000 people.

#Nepal Earthquake Photos: Odd Effects of Kathmandu Temblor European space agency's (ESA) Sentinel-1a radar satellite passed over Kathmandu, Nepal, Wednesday (April 29.

and calculate how the ground shifted during the earthquake. In the DLR map, areas that moved upwards are blue

DLR/EOC) Rainbow fringes Interferogram of Kathmandu, Nepal, before and after the earthquake. The Sentinel-1a interferogram (created by combining radar images taken on April 17 and April 29) over Kathmandu, Nepal.

The colors show deformation in the earth caused by the 7. 8-magnitude earthquake. The eastest"fringes"cross the city,

this interferogram shows changes on the ground that occurred during the 25 april earthquake that struck Nepal.

Combining two Sentinel-1a radar scans from 17 and 29 april 2015, this interferogram shows changes on the ground that occurred during the 25 april earthquake that struck Nepal.

after the 7. 8-magnitude earthquake struck on April 25. Based on imagery from the Worldview-3 satellite acquired on April 28,

after the 7. 8-magnitude earthquake struck on April 25. Mount everest shrinking Mount everest Before & After Earthquake This side-by-side comparison shows Mount everest before and after the earthquake.

The 7. 8-magnitude quake on April 25 shook Everest and triggered a terrifying avalanche. In the April 28 image (left there are no major changes visible from the earthquake

and avalanche due to fresh snow cover and clouds over Everest, according to NASA. The April 23 photo was captured by Landsat 8,

NASA Earth Observatory) Emitted light Kathmandu Satellite Image-Emitted Light This satellite image shows the city of Kathmandu and its surrounding areas after the April 25 earthquake.

and the National oceanic and atmospheric administration, detected a decrease in emitted light over Kathmandu, based on a comparison between images taken pre-earthquake, on April 22, 2015,

and after the earthquake, on April 26, 2015. The red and yellow colors indicate areas with the largest decrease in emitted light possibly because of electrical outages and damage to key infrastructure

Short-term Prediction Research and Transition (SPORT) team/Marshall Space flight Center) Nepal districts affected Satellite Photo of Nepal Districts After Earthquake This satellite image shows 11 districts in Nepal

that were affected by the earthquake. The Suomi National Polar-Orbiting Partnership satellite was used to compare image of the region before and after the earthquake,

and detected a decrease in emitted light over Kathmandu and its surrounding region. Image Credit:

#Major 7. 3-Magnitude Earthquake Aftershock Hits Nepal A 7. 3-magnitude earthquake struck Nepal this morning (May 12), toppling buildings and killing at least a dozen people.

a magnitude-7. 8 earthquake (called the Gorkha earthquake) located about 90 miles (150 km) to the west of this aftershock, according to the U s. Geological Survey.

The May 12 earthquake occurred due to faulting associated with the Main Himalayan Thrust where the India plate is slamming into the Eurasia plate to the north.

This area has a history of powerful earthquakes: Before the April 25 temblor, four magnitude-6 or larger earthquakes within 155 miles (250 km) of this area in the past century, according to the USGS. One such event, a magnitude-6. 9

quake killed nearly 1, 500 people in August 1988. The largest of these, a magnitude-8. 0 earthquake known as the 1934 Nepal-Bihar earthquake, ruptured a large part of the fault to the south of the May 12 quake

and caused around 10,600 fatalities, the USGS reported. Like the April 25 earthquake, this one was relatively shallow,

occurring just 9. 3 miles (15 km) belowground; the shallower a quake the more shaking at the surface, geologists say.

Earth scientists had anticipated major aftershocks and even larger earthquakes in the area. In fact, a recent study found that smaller aftershocks strike within the main earthquake rupture,

whereas the biggest aftershocks tend to strike at the edge of where the original earthquake occurred.

And that was the case for this one, which hit on the eastern edge of the April 25 rupture zone.

#Earthquake algorithm picks up the brain vibrations Your brain is buzzing. Analysing those natural vibrations might help spot tumours and other abnormalities,

and now an algorithm normally used to study earthquakes has been adapted to do just that. The elasticity of different parts of the body is a useful way to tell

who study how to extract information from the seismic waves created by earthquakes. He borrowed the algorithm his colleagues used to analyse the Earth vibrations,

#Massive Earthquake Shakes Nepal; Avalanches On Everest An earthquake struck Nepal early Saturday causing numerous casualties,

large amounts of damage to structures and avalanches on Mount everest where a closely watched climbing season was started just getting.

The magnitude 7. 8 earthquake occurred only 50 miles away from Nepal's capital, Katmandu.

But the movement of the earth's tectonic plates isn't like the smooth movement of gears in a machine.

like the one that caused the earthquake Saturday, is a fault where one part of the earth is pushed up and over another section of the earth.

Living in an area between a rock (the Indian subcontinent) and a hard place (Eurasia) residents of the region have gotten used to earthquakes.

A 2005 earthquake in neighboring Kashmir killed 75,000 people, and left millions homeless. Those kinds of large earthquakes aren't as common in Nepal.

The USGS reports that in the past 100 years only four earthquakes larger than a magnitude 6. 0 on the Richter scale have occurred in the immediate area.

The most recent was in 1988, a 6. 9 temblor that killed 1500. The largest in that time frame was a magnitude 8 in 1934 that killed around 10,000,

But just because a large earthquake hadn't occurred in Nepal recently didn't mean that people weren't worried about it.

Early calculations suggest that this magnitude 7. 8 earthquake is probably not big enough to rupture all the way to the surface,

and we should probably expect another big earthquake to the west and south of this one in the coming decades, Laurent Bollinger,

#Humanitarian Mapping Program To Help Nepal Earthquake Recovery Efforts Pallets of supplies, including shelter kits

The death toll of the earthquake that shook Nepal over the weekend just topped 5, 000.

akin to earthquake tremors on land. Cell phones, for example, use resonances of these surface waves to filter electric signals in a manner similar to a wine glass resonating when a voice hits it at exactly the right pitch.

following the Great East Japan Earthquake in 2011. Since 2013, the two universities have been conducting cohort studies,

#Researchers test smartphones for earthquake warning The study, led by scientists at the U s. Geological Survey

and similar devices could be used to build earthquake warning systems. Despite being less accurate than scientific-grade equipment,

the GPS (Global positioning system) receivers in a smartphone can detect the permanent ground movement (displacement) caused by fault motion in a large earthquake.

earthquakes could be detected and analyzed, and customized earthquake warnings could be transmitted back to users.""Crowd-sourced alerting means that the community will benefit by data generated from the community,

"said Sarah Minson, USGS geophysicist and lead author of the study. Minson was a postdoctoral researcher at Caltech

Earthquake early warning systems detect the start of an earthquake and rapidly transmit warnings to people and automated systems before they experience shaking at their location.

While much of the world's population is susceptible to damaging earthquakes, EEW systems are currently operating in only a few regions around the globe,

"Most of the world does not receive earthquake warnings mainly due to the cost of building the necessary scientific monitoring networks,

Researchers tested the feasibility of crowd-sourced EEW with a simulation of a hypothetical magnitude 7 earthquake,

and with real data from the 2011 magnitude 9 Tohoku-oki, Japan earthquake. The results show that crowd-sourced EEW could be achieved with only a tiny percentage of people in a given area contributing information from their smartphones.

the earthquake could be detected and analyzed fast enough to issue a warning to areas farther away before the onset of strong shaking."

"The speed of an electronic warning travels faster than the earthquake shaking does explained Craig Glennie, a report author and professor at the University of Houston.

and similar devices could be used to issue earthquake warnings for earthquakes of approximately magnitude 7 or larger,

but not for smaller, yet potentially damaging earthquakes. Comprehensive EEW requires a dense network of scientific instruments.

will be able to help minimize the impact of earthquakes over a wide range of magnitudes.

"The U s. earthquake early warning system is being built on our high-quality scientific earthquake networks, but crowd-sourced approaches can augment our system

Douglas Given, USGS coordinator of the Shakealert Earthquake Early warning system. The U s. Agency for International Development has agreed already to fund a pilot project, in collaboration with the Chilean Centro Sismologico Nacional,

to test a pilot hybrid earthquake warning system comprising stand-alone smartphone sensors and scientific-grade sensors along the Chilean coast."

"Thirty years ago it took months to assemble a crude picture of the deformations from an earthquake.

but for larger earthquakes that cause large shifts in the ground surface, they contain enough information to detect that an earthquake has occurred,

#The Quake that Shook Mt everest The earthquake, which wreaked havoc in the Kathmandu Valley of Nepal on Saturday about noon local time,

The earthquake caused huge cracks to open in the streets of Kathmandu. The Nepalese capital lies in a sediment filled basin,

Calculations by all major earthquake monitoring agencies in the US and Europe put the depth between 7 and 10 miles.

During the shaking of an earthquake such sedimentary basins tend to amplify the ground motion

The worst historic effect of this kind led to the huge destruction in Mexico city during an earthquake in 1985.

The cause for Saturdays earthquake is the northward movement of the Indian Plate. It crawls with a speed of about 2 inches per year, roughly the same rate with which the Pacific Plate slides past North american in our area.

This plate collision also causes some of the most devastating earthquakes in the world. In the last 125 years, this eastern section of the Himalayan Front alone has seen at least three quakes of magnitude 8 or greater.

The report they published one year later on the likely earthquake scenario makes very eerie reading,

#Nepal earthquake on the radar Radar imagery from the Sentinel-1a satellite shows that the maximum land deformation is only 17 km from Nepal capital, Kathmandu,

Combining two Sentinel-1a radar scans from 17 and 29 april 2015, this interferogram shows changes on the ground that occurred during the 25 april earthquake that struck Nepal.

this interferogram shows changes on the ground that occurred during the 25 april earthquake that struck Nepal.

Products ensuring a full coverage of the affected area prior to the earthquake were available to all scientists under the Copernicus free and open data policy,

Interferogram over Kathmandu, Nepal, generated from two Sentinel-1a scans on 17 and 29 april 2015 before and after the 25 april earthquake.

Nepal generated from two Sentinel-1a scans on 17 and 29 april 2015 before and after the 25 april earthquake.

Sentinel-1a interferogram over Kathmandu, Nepal, showing deformation induced by the 25 april 2015 earthquake. Eastest ringescross the city, with each coloured fringe corresponding to 2. 8 cm of ground displacement (both uplift and subsidence.

showing deformation induced by the 25 april 2015 earthquake. Eastest ringescross the city, with each coloured fringe corresponding to 2. 8 cm of ground displacement (both uplift and subsidence.

Contains Copernicus data (2015)/ R. Grandin/IPGP/CNRS The Copernicus EMS was activated on the day the earthquake struck,

while trying to study earthquakes caused by iceberg calving when large chunks of ice break off glaciers.

Bartholomaus said the ability to identify these earthquakes, known as icequakes, varied over the season, and that they were much more difficult to detect during summer

The so-called Cosgrove track was found to be nearly three times the length of the famous Yellowstone hotspot track in the United states. Most volcanoes are found along the edge of tectonic plates,

Keys to hazard management for major earthquakes, hurricanes, and wildfires include the ability to predict a wide range of possibilities.

protecting buildings against earthquakes and floods. Here's the video we shot of the original Hendo hoverboard e

An earthquake and a caterpillarin general, the researchers found that when atoms in the ion crystal were spaced regularly,

as the atoms collectively jump to the next trough. t like an earthquake, Vuletic says. here force building up,

and#HEART Tokushima have been working in partnership with#Japan Earthquake Animal Rescue and Support to save over 700 animals the Great East Japan Earthquake.

#Cheap Earthquake Warning Systems While predicting earthquakes remains a dream, scientists have developed early warning-systems systems that give people precious seconds to run out of buildings

That kind of warning might have saved hundreds of lives when a 7. 8-magnitude earthquake devastated Nepal on 25 april.

Earthquake-warning systems come at a high price, though, too high for countries like Nepal and others in quake-prone zones in South Asia,

along with GPS sensors to detect permanent ground movement due to the motion of the geological fault that triggers the earthquake.

If the latter, the system will calculate a hypothetical epicenter for the earthquake, the original time of the event,

For earthquakes with magnitudes greater than 4. 0, it will issue an alert. Benjamin Brooks, a geophysicist with the USGS, has a different crowdsourcing approach in mind.

with high earthquake hazards and minimal resources, is where a crowdsourcing approach would be most effective,

In research presented in the journal Science Advances two weeks before the Nepal quake hit, Brooks and his colleagues tested the ability of consumer-grade GPS devices to detect earthquakes.

Next, the researchers performed simulations using data from a hypothetical magnitude-7 earthquake in northern California and from the real 2011 magnitude-9 earthquake that hit Tohoku-oki

They simulated smartphone responses based on census data around the earthquake epicenters and recorded a phone as triggered

the system declared an earthquake. It took fewer than 5, 000 smartphones to detect the simulated California earthquake within 5 seconds,

giving enough time to warn San francisco and San jose. For the Japan quake, which had an offshore epicenter,

on the Wednesday before the Nepal earthquake I had a discussion with a Nepalese colleague about proposing precisely such an approach,

whose research suggests that earthquakes could cause carbon dioxide gas to leak out of underground storage sites,

as the atoms jointly move to the next trough. t like an earthquake, Vuletic says. here force building up,

It exploits naturally occurring seismic waves generated by Earth's oceans that are several orders of magnitude weaker than those produced by earthquakes.

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