The original mass sensor consists of a fluid-filled microchannel etched in a tiny silicon cantilever that vibrates inside a vacuum cavity.
They are also using the PLL approach to increase throughput by operating many cantilevers on a single chip m
way to improve methods for detecting polluting emissions using a sensor at the nanoscale. The paper was published in Nanotechnology.
The sensor was tested in conditions similar to ambient air since future devices developed from this method will need to operate in these conditions.
Copper oxide is a semiconductor and scientists use nanowires fabricated from it to search for potential application in the microelectronics industry.
But in gas sensing applications, copper oxide was much less widely investigated compared to other metal oxide materials.
A semiconductor can be made to experience dramatic changes in its electrical properties when a small amount of foreign atoms are made to attach to its surface at high temperatures.
the copper oxide nanowire was made part of an electric circuit. The researchers detected carbon monoxide indirectly, by measuring the change in the resulting circuit electrical resistance in presence of the gas.
The next step is to detect different gases at the same time by using multiple sensor devices, with each device utilizing a different type of nanoparticle.
nanowire gas sensors will be cheaper and potentially easier to mass produce. The main energy cost in operating this kind of a sensor will be the high temperatures necessary to facilitate the chemical reactions for ensuring certain electrical response.
In this study 350 degree centigrade was used. However, different nanowire-nanoparticle material configurations are currently being investigated in order to lower the operating temperature of this system."
way to improve methods for detecting polluting emissions using a sensor at the nanoscale. The paper was published in Nanotechnology.
The sensor was tested in conditions similar to ambient air since future devices developed from this method will need to operate in these conditions.
Copper oxide is a semiconductor and scientists use nanowires fabricated from it to search for potential application in the microelectronics industry.
But in gas sensing applications, copper oxide was much less widely investigated compared to other metal oxide materials.
A semiconductor can be made to experience dramatic changes in its electrical properties when a small amount of foreign atoms are made to attach to its surface at high temperatures.
the copper oxide nanowire was made part of an electric circuit. The researchers detected carbon monoxide indirectly, by measuring the change in the resulting circuit electrical resistance in presence of the gas.
The next step is to detect different gases at the same time by using multiple sensor devices, with each device utilizing a different type of nanoparticle.
nanowire gas sensors will be cheaper and potentially easier to mass produce. The main energy cost in operating this kind of a sensor will be the high temperatures necessary to facilitate the chemical reactions for ensuring certain electrical response.
In this study 350 degree centigrade was used. However, different nanowire-nanoparticle material configurations are currently being investigated in order to lower the operating temperature of this system."
and electrically active crystals in one direction unlocks exotic spintronic switching activityby breaking the symmetry of ultiferroiccrystals using a special compression cell,
The finding demonstrates that the stress of crystal deformation can impart a newfound degree of control over magnetic and electrical behavior in spintronic devices and sensors.
and power of lithium-ion batteries One big problem faced by electrodes in rechargeable batteries, as they go through repeated cycles of charging
creating an electrode made of nanoparticles with a solid shell, and a olkinside that can change size again and again without affecting the shell.
which use aluminum as the key material for the lithium-ion battery negative electrode, or anode, are reported in the journal Nature Communications, in a paper by MIT professor Ju Li and six others.
The use of nanoparticles with an aluminum yolk and a titanium dioxide shell has proven to be he high-rate champion among high-capacity anodes
As a result, previous attempts to develop an aluminum electrode for lithium-ion batteries had failed.
hat separates the aluminum from the liquid electrolytebetween the battery two electrodes. The shell does not expand
but the inside of the electrode remains clean with no buildup of the SEIS, proving the shell fully encloses the aluminum
The result is an electrode that gives more than three times the capacity of graphite (1. 2 Ah/g) at a normal charging rate
#Graphene nanoribbon finding could lead to faster, more efficient electronics Graphene, an atom-thick material with extraordinary properties, is a promising candidate for the next generation of dramatically faster, more energy-efficient electronics.
However, scientists have struggled to fabricate the material into ultra-narrow strips, called nanoribbons, that could enable the use of graphene in high-performance semiconductor electronics.
Now, University of Wisconsin-Madison engineers have discovered a way to grow graphene nanoribbons with desirable semiconducting properties directly on a conventional germanium semiconductor wafer.
This breakthrough could allow manufacturers to easily use graphene nanoribbons in hybrid integrated circuits which promise to significantly boost the performance of next-generation electronic devices.
This technology could also have specific uses in industrial and military applications, such as sensors that detect specific chemical and biological species
and photonic devices that manipulate light. In a paper published August 10, 2015 in the journal Nature Communications, Michael Arnold, an associate professor of materials science and engineering at UW-Madison, Phd student Robert Jacobberger,
and their collaborators describe their new approach to producing graphene nanoribbons. Importantly, their technique can easily be scaled for mass production
and is compatible with the prevailing infrastructure used in semiconductor processing. raphene nanoribbons that can be grown directly on the surface of a semiconductor like germanium are more compatible with planar processing that used in the semiconductor industry,
and so there would be less of a barrier to integrating these really excellent materials into electronics in the future,
the material most commonly found in today's computer chips. But to exploit graphene remarkable electronic properties in semiconductor applications where current must be switched on and off,
graphene nanoribbons need to be less than 10 nanometers wide, which is phenomenally narrow. In addition, the nanoribbons must have smooth
but this method only works on metal substrates and the resulting nanoribbons are thus far too short for use in electronics.
#Hundredfold improvement in temperature mapping reveals the stresses inside nanoscale transistors New nanoscale thermal imaging technique shows heat building up inside microprocessors,
A team of users and staff working at the Molecular Foundry have created a thermal imaging technique that can eehow temperature changes from point to point inside the smallest electronic circuits.
Fan-cooled heat sink on a microprocessor. Plasmon energy expansion thermometry, inset, uses a beam of electrons to track where heat is produced
modern microelectronic circuits contain billions of nanometer scale transistors, each generating tiny amounts of heat that collectively can compromise the performance of the device.
and to realize the next generation microprocessors. Electrons passing through a sample excite collective charge oscillations called plasmons.
which are directly related to the local temperature within an integrated circuit or transistor. Based on these principles
allowing for the application to be produced mass for electronic and optoelectronics devices. The research team operating out of Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH),
affiliated with the Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Center for Artificial Low Dimensional Electronic systems (CALDES), reported a tunable band gap in black phosphorus (BP),
This research outcome potentially allows for great flexibility in the design and optimization of electronic and optoelectronic devices like solar panels and telecommunication lasers.
This amalgamation makes it a terrifically attractive material to apply to scientific developments in a wide variety of fields, such as electronics, aerospace and sports.
the semiconductor potential can be realized because the conductivity can be shut off, even at low temperatures. This obviously dilutes its appeal as a semiconductor,
as shutting off conductivity is a vital part of a semiconductor function. Birth of a Revolution Phosphorus is the fifteenth element in the periodic table
and lends its name to an entire class of compounds. Indeed it could be considered an archetype of chemistry itself.
Like graphene, BP is a semiconductor and also cheap to mass produce. The one big difference between the two is BP natural band gap
therefore we tuned BP band gap to resemble the natural state of graphene, a unique state of matter that is different from conventional semiconductors.
#Butterfly wings help break the status quo in gas sensing The unique properties found in the stunning iridescent wings of a tropical blue butterfly could hold the key to developing new highly selective gas detection sensors.
has replicated the surface chemistry found in the iridescent scales of the Morpho butterfly to create an innovative gas sensor.
The ground-breaking findings could help inspire new designs for sensors that could be used in a range of sectors,
The research, published in the highly respected scientific journal, Nature Communications on September 1st, describes how the composition of gases in different environments can be detected by measuring small colour changes of the innovative bio-inspired sensor.
which we can advance sensor and detector technology rapidly. Tiny treelike nanostructures in the scales of Morpho wings are known to be responsible for the butterfly brilliant iridescence.
This selective response to vapour molecules is the key to this bio-inspired gas sensor.
and Air force Research Laboratory, produced these new kind of colorimetric sensors that favourably compete with conventional gas sensor arrays in simplicity, stability,
At present, reliable and cost-effective sensors for detection of small but meaningful gas leaks in a multitude of industrial processes remain an unmet environmental, health,
The research team believe this highly selective colorimetric sensor could represent a significant advancement in gas leak detection performance in the future.
and fabricated a new kind of gas sensor based on these principles. hese new sensors not only selectively detect separate gases
Our next goal is to make these sensors in a cost-effective manner to offer new attractive sensing solutions in the marketplace.
ur research into these bio-inspired sensors demonstrates the huge value in applying the scientific learnings from the biological world to develop technologies for real world applications. d
The scientists also predict that using high-end electronics and control of the viscosity gradient of the liquid could further optimize the system.
The paper is titled"Highly sensitive and selective sensor chips with graphene oxide linking layer"."Valentyn Volkov is the co-lead author, a visiting professor from the University of Southern Denmark.
New GO based biosensor chips exploit the phenomenon of surface plasmon resonance (SPR. Surface plasmons are electromagnetic waves propagating along a metal-dielectric interface (e g.,
These sensors can detect biomolecule adsorption even at a few trillionth of a gram per millimeter square.
Nevertheless, the most distinctive feature of such sensors is an ability to isualizemolecular interactions in real time.
With SPR sensors we just need to estimate the interaction between the drug and targets on the sensing surface,
Most commercial SPR sensor chips comprise a thin glass plate covered by gold layer with thiol
The biosensing sensitivity depends on the properties of chip surface. Higher binding capacity for biomolecules increases the signal levels and accuracy of analysis. The last several years
and patented a novel type of SPR sensor chips with the linking layer, made of GO, a material with more attractive optical and chemical properties than pristine graphene.
Scientists conducted a series of experiments with the GO chip the commercially available chip with carboxymethylated dextran (CMD) layer and the chip covered by monolayer graphene.
Experiments showed that the proposed GO chip has three times higher sensitivity than the CMD chip and 3. 7 times than the chip with pristine graphene.
These results mean, that the new chip needs much less molecules for detecting a compound
and can be used for analysis of chemical reactions with small drug molecules. An important advantage of the new GO based sensor chips is their simplicity
and low-cost fabrication compared to sensor chips that are already commercially available. ur invention will help in drug development against viral and cancer diseases.
We are expecting that pharmaceutical industry will express a strong demand for our technology Stebunov said. he sensor can also find applications in food quality control, toxin screening,
the sensor can significantly shorten a time for a clinical diagnostic, researcher added. However, the developed chip should go through a clinical trial for medical applications
#Crucial hurdle overcome in quantum computing: quantum logic gate in silicon built for the first time A team of Australian engineers has built a quantum logic gate in silicon for the first time,
making calculations between two qubits of information possible and thereby clearing the final hurdle to making silicon quantum computers a reality.
The significant advance, by a team at the University of New south wales (UNSW) in Sydney appears today in the international journal Nature. hat we have is a game changer,
Scientia Professor and Director of the Australian National Fabrication Facility at UNSW. ee demonstrated a two-qubit logic gate the central building block of a quantum computer and,
Because we use essentially the same device technology as existing computer chips, we believe it will be much easier to manufacture a full-scale processor chip than for any of the leading designs,
which rely on more exotic technologies. his makes the building of a quantum computer much more feasible,
and thereby create a logic gate using silicon. But the UNSW team working with Professor Kohei M. Itoh of Japan Keio University has done just that for the first time.
or tablet already has around one billion transistors on it, with each transistor less than 100 billionths of a metre in size, said Dr Menno Veldhorst,
a UNSW Research Fellow and the lead author of the Nature paper. ee morphed those silicon transistors into quantum bits by ensuring that each has only one electron associated with it.
We then store the binary code of 0 or 1 on the pinof the electron, which is associated with the electron tiny magnetic field,
"He said that a key next step for the project is to identify the right industry partners to work with to manufacture the full-scale quantum processor chip.
the development of new, lighter and stronger materials spanning consumer electronics to aircraft; and faster information searching through large databases e
The sensor does need not to be activated chemically and is rapid-acting within five minutes-enabling the targeted antibodies to be detected easily, even in complex clinical samples such as blood serum."
This led us to the idea to exploit similar structures such as the lithium-ion batteries
the ions migrate from one electrode to the other and intercalate into the electrode. The team of scientists around Dasgupta has produced now a lithium-ion accumulator, in
which one electrode is made of maghemite, a ferromagnetic iron oxide(?-Fe2o3), and the other electrode consists of pure lithium metal.
Experiments revealed that lithium ion intercalation in maghemite reduces its magnetization at room temperature. By the specific control of the lithium ions,
i e. by charging and discharging the accumulator, magnetization of maghemite can be controlled. Similar to conventional lithium-ion accumulators, this effect can be repeated.
The scientists hope to find a process to produce a magnetic switch that works according to the same principle as an electric transistor:
Germanium is a semiconductor, and this method provides a straightforward way to make semiconducting nanoscale circuits from graphene, a form of carbon only one atom thick.
"Some researchers have wanted to make transistors out of carbon nanotubes, but the problem is that they grow in all sorts of directions,
This high mobility makes the material an ideal candidate for faster, more energy-efficient electronics. However, the semiconductor industry wants to make circuits start
and stop electrons at will via bandgaps, as they do in computer chips. As a semimetal, graphene naturally has no bandgaps,
making it a challenge for widespread industry adoption. Until now. To confirm these findings, UW researchers went to Argonne staff scientists Brian Kiraly and Nathan Guisinger at the Center for Nanoscale Materials,
"For use in electronic devices, the semiconductor industry is interested primarily in three faces of a germanium crystal.
It is the first time that a single detector has been able to monitor the spectral range from visible light to infrared radiation and right through to terahertz radiation.
The HZDR scientists are already using the new graphene detector for the exact synchronization of laser systems.
A tiny flake of graphene on silicon carbide and a futuristic-looking antenna and there it is the new graphene detector.
Like no other single detector system which has gone before, this comparatively simple and inexpensive construct can cover the enormous spectral range from visible light all the way to terahertz radiation."
"In contrast to other semiconductors like silicon or gallium arsenide, graphene can pick up light with a very large range of photon energies and convert it into electric signals.
We only needed a broadband antenna and the right substrate to create the ideal conditions,
"explained Dr. Stephan Winnerl, physicist at the Institute of Ion beam Physics and Materials Research at the HZDR.
had developed the precursor to the graphene detector. In his present position as a postdoc at the University of Maryland
the graphene flake and antenna assembly absorbs the rays, thereby transferring the energy of the photons to the electrons in the graphene.
These"hot electrons"increase the electrical resistance of the detector and generate rapid electric signals. The detector can register incident light in just 40 picoseconds these are billionths of a second.
Wide spectral range achieved through silicon carbide substratethe choice of substrate has now proved a pivotal step in improving the little light trap."
"Semiconductor substrates used in the past have absorbed always some wavelengths but silicon carbide remains passive in the spectral range,
Then there is also an antenna which acts like a funnel and captures long-wave infrared and terahertz radiation.
This optical universal detector is already being used at the HZDR for the exact synchronization of the two free-electron lasers at the ELBE Center for High-power Radiation Sources with other lasers.
So the scientists are using the graphene detector like a stopwatch. It tells them when the laser pulses reach their goal,
and the large bandwidth helps to prevent a change of detector from being a potential source of error.
obviating the need for the expensive and time-consuming nitrogen or helium cooling processes with other detectors.
The external antenna on the detector captures long-wave infrared and terahertz radiation and funnels it to a graphene flake
It is the first time that a single detector has been able to monitor the spectral range from visible light to infrared radiation and right through to terahertz radiation.
The HZDR scientists are already using the new graphene detector for the exact synchronization of laser systems.
A tiny flake of graphene on silicon carbide and a futuristic-looking antenna and there it is the new graphene detector.
Like no other single detector system which has gone before, this comparatively simple and inexpensive construct can cover the enormous spectral range from visible light all the way to terahertz radiation."
"In contrast to other semiconductors like silicon or gallium arsenide, graphene can pick up light with a very large range of photon energies and convert it into electric signals.
We only needed a broadband antenna and the right substrate to create the ideal conditions,
"explained Dr. Stephan Winnerl, physicist at the Institute of Ion beam Physics and Materials Research at the HZDR.
had developed the precursor to the graphene detector. In his present position as a postdoc at the University of Maryland
the graphene flake and antenna assembly absorbs the rays, thereby transferring the energy of the photons to the electrons in the graphene.
These"hot electrons"increase the electrical resistance of the detector and generate rapid electric signals. The detector can register incident light in just 40 picoseconds these are billionths of a second.
Wide spectral range achieved through silicon carbide substrate The choice of substrate has now proved a pivotal step in improving the little light trap."
"Semiconductor substrates used in the past have absorbed always some wavelengths but silicon carbide remains passive in the spectral range,
Then there is also an antenna which acts like a funnel and captures long-wave infrared and terahertz radiation.
This optical universal detector is already being used at the HZDR for the exact synchronization of the two free-electron lasers at the ELBE Center for High-power Radiation Sources with other lasers.
So the scientists are using the graphene detector like a stopwatch. It tells them when the laser pulses reach their goal,
and the large bandwidth helps to prevent a change of detector from being a potential source of error.
obviating the need for the expensive and time-consuming nitrogen or helium cooling processes with other detectors c
night-vision goggles and smoke detectors to surveillance systems and satellites-that rely on electronic light sensors. Integrated into a digital camera lens, for example, it could reduce bulkiness and boost both the acquisition speed and quality of video or still photos.
The researchers also placed electrodes under the phototransistor's ultrathin silicon nanomembrane layer-and the metal layer and electrodes each act as reflectors
and improve light absorption without the need for an external amplifier.""There's a built-in capability to sense weak light,
night-vision goggles and smoke detectors to surveillance systems and satellites-that rely on electronic light sensors. Integrated into a digital camera lens, for example, it could reduce bulkiness and boost both the acquisition speed and quality of video or still photos.
The researchers also placed electrodes under the phototransistor's ultrathin silicon nanomembrane layer-and the metal layer and electrodes each act as reflectors
and improve light absorption without the need for an external amplifier.""There's a built-in capability to sense weak light,
After repeated rounds of screening, the researchers used one of the most promising candidates to create a magnetic sensor consisting of enhanced ferritin modified with a protein tag that binds with another protein called streptavidin.
Such sensors could also be used to monitor the effectiveness of stem cell therapies, Jasanoff says. s stem cell therapies are developed,
The researchers are now working on adapting the magnetic sensors to work in mammalian cells. They are also trying to make the engineered ferritin even more strongly magnetic e
Potential applications for the nanotweezer include improved-sensitivity nanoscale sensors and the study of synthetic and natural nanoobjects including viruses and proteins;
Key to this technology is the memristor (a combination of"memory"and"resistor"),an electronic component
Unlike conventional transistors, which rely on the drift and diffusion of electrons and their holes through semiconducting material,
the resulting device would have to be loaded enormous with multitudes of transistors that would require far more energy."
and memory storage devices users will continue to seek long after the proliferation of digital transistors predicted by Moore's Law becomes too unwieldy for conventional electronics."
The very next step would be to integrate a memristor neural network with conventional semiconductor technology,
Measurement of a single nuclear spin in biological samples May 11th, 2015graphene holds key to unlocking creation of wearable electronic devices May 11th, 2015new Method to Produce Dual Zinc oxide Nanorings May 11th
Measurement of a single nuclear spin in biological samples May 11th, 2015graphene holds key to unlocking creation of wearable electronic devices May 11th, 2015new Method to Produce Dual Zinc oxide Nanorings May 11th
Measurement of a single nuclear spin in biological samples May 11th, 2015graphene holds key to unlocking creation of wearable electronic devices May 11th, 2015new Method to Produce Dual Zinc oxide Nanorings May 11th
Measurement of a single nuclear spin in biological samples May 11th, 2015graphene holds key to unlocking creation of wearable electronic devices May 11th, 2015new Method to Produce Dual Zinc oxide Nanorings May 11th
Measurement of a single nuclear spin in biological samples May 11th, 2015graphene holds key to unlocking creation of wearable electronic devices May 11th,
Other potential applications include goggles, periscopes, optical instruments, photodetectors and sensors. In addition, the superhydrophobic property can be effective at preventing ice
if you hold two electrodes into an aqueous electrolyte and apply a sufficient voltage, gas bubbles of hydrogen and oxygen are formed.
Electrodes that so far have been used are made of very expensive elements such as platinum or platinum-iridium alloys.
it consists of chalcopyrite (a material used in device grade thin film solar cells) that has been coated with a thin, transparent, conductive oxide film of titanium dioxide (Tio2.
In this process, the titanium dioxide and platinum precursors are dissolved in ethanol and converted to a fog using an ultrasonic bath.
the majority of the required voltage between the composite photocathode and a platinum counter electrode of around 1. 8 volts is still coming from a battery.
thanks to diamond nanocrystals used as temperature sensors Abstract: Precise targeting biological molecules, such as cancer cells,
The novelty of this study is that it shows that it is possible to use diamond nanocrystals as hypersensitive temperature sensors with a high spatial resolution-ranging from 10 to 100 nanometers-to monitor the amount of heat delivered to cancer cells s
which is the basis for controlling electrons in computers, phones, medical equipment and other electronics. Yoke Khin Yap, a professor of physics at Michigan Technological University, has worked with a research team that created these digital switches by combining graphene and boron nitride nanotubes.
In turn, this speed could eventually quicken the pace of electronics and computing. Solving the Semiconductor Dilemma To get to faster and smaller computers one day,
Yap says this study is a continuation of past research into making transistors without semiconductors.
The problem with semiconductors like silicon is that they can only get so small and they give off a lot of heat;
the use of graphene and nanotubes bypasses those problems. In addition, the graphene and boron nitride nanotubes have the same atomic arrangement pattern,
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