The memories are based on tantalum oxide, a common insulator in electronics. Applying voltage to a 250-nanometer-thick sandwich of graphene, tantalum,
Like the Tour lab's previous discovery of silicon oxide memories, the new devices require only two electrodes per circuit,
"And it doesn't even need diodes or selectors, making it one of the easiest ultradense memories to construct.
"The layered structure consists of tantalum, nanoporous tantalum oxide and multilayer graphene between two platinum electrodes.
the researchers found the tantalum oxide gradually loses oxygen ions, changing from an oxygen-rich, nanoporous semiconductor at the top to oxygen-poor at the bottom.
These negatively charged ions produce an electric field that effectively serves as a diode to hinder error-causing crosstalk.
#Discovery in growing graphene nanoribbons could enable faster, more efficient electronics Abstract: Graphene, an atom-thick material with extraordinary properties, is a promising candidate for the next generation of dramatically faster, more energy-efficient electronics.
However, scientists have struggled to fabricate the material into ultra-narrow strips, called nanoribbons, that could enable the use of graphene in high-performance semiconductor electronics.
Now, University of Wisconsin-Madison engineers have discovered a way to grow graphene nanoribbons with desirable semiconducting properties directly on a conventional germanium semiconductor wafer.
This advance could allow manufacturers to easily use graphene nanoribbons in hybrid integrated circuits, which promise to significantly boost the performance of next-generation electronic devices.
The technology could also have specific uses in industrial and military applications such as sensors that detect specific chemical and biological species
and photonic devices that manipulate light. In a paper published Aug 10 in the journal Nature Communications, Michael Arnold, an associate professor of materials science and engineering at UW-Madison, Ph d. student Robert Jacobberger,
and their collaborators describe their new approach to producing graphene nanoribbons. Importantly, their technique can easily be scaled for mass production
and is compatible with the prevailing infrastructure used in semiconductor processing.""Graphene nanoribbons that can be grown directly on the surface of a semiconductor like germanium are more compatible with planar processing that's used in the semiconductor industry,
and so there would be less of a barrier to integrating these really excellent materials into electronics in the future,
"Arnold says. Graphene, a sheet of carbon atoms that is only one atom in thickness, conducts electricity and dissipates heat much more efficiently than silicon,
the material most commonly found in today's computer chips. But to exploit graphene's remarkable electronic properties in semiconductor applications where current must be switched on and off
graphene nanoribbons need to be less than 10 nanometers wide, which is phenomenally narrow. In addition, the nanoribbons must have smooth,
but this method only works on metal substrates and the resulting nanoribbons are thus far too short for use in electronics.
#Flexible, biodegradable device can generate power from touch (video) Longstanding concerns about portable electronics include the devices'short battery life and their contribution to e waste.
and it lit up 22 to 55 light-emitting diodes. The authors acknowledge funding from the Science and Engineering Research Board of India I
#New optical chip lights up the race for quantum computer The microprocessor inside a computer is a single multipurpose chip that has revolutionised people's life,
Now, researchers from the University of Bristol in the UK and Nippon Telegraph and Telephone (NTT) in Japan, have pulled off the same feat for light in the quantum world by developing an optical chip that can process photons in an infinite number
The fully reprogrammable chip brings together a multitude of existing quantum experiments and can realise a plethora of future protocols that have not even been conceived yet, marking a new era of research for quantum scientists and engineers at the cutting edge of quantum technologies.
"A whole field of research has essentially been put onto a single optical chip that is easily controlled.
"The team demonstrated the chip's unique capabilities by reprogramming it to rapidly perform a number of different experiments, each
it took seconds to re-programme the chip, and milliseconds for the chip to switch to the new experiment.
We carried out a year's worth of experiments in a matter of hours. What we're really excited about is using these chips to discover new science that we haven't even thought of yet."
"The device was made possible because the world's leading quantum photonics group teamed up with Nippon Telegraph and Telephone (NTT), the world's leading telecommunications company.
and plans to add more chips like this one to the service so others can discover the quantum world for themselves s
#A thin ribbon of flexible electronics can monitor health, infrastructure Stretchy, bendable electronics could have many uses, such as monitoring patients'health and keeping tabs on airplanes.
By combining thinned devices based on inorganic semiconductors with components & interconnects that are manufactured 3d printed/additively on nontraditional substrates,
Flexible Hybrid Electronics (FHE) can deliver significant size, weight, and power (SWAP) benefits without sacrificing performance.
FHE are expected to impact a range of Air force applications including: wearable electronics and sensors for monitoring airman health/performance;
conformal electronics and antennas for maximizing space efficiency and reducing aerodynamic drag; and inherently more durable circuits that will withstand the extreme strain, shock,
and vibration environments typical of Air force missions. Related to these goals, we are developing approaches to inject and print gallium-based liquid metal alloys into varied materials for stretchable and reconfigurable electronics.
For energy devices we have demonstrated solution-processable approaches to fabricate organic photovoltaic devices on nearly arbitrary surfaces including PET and polymer reinforced polymer composites.
We have fabricated also Li-ion batteries based on structurally resilient carbon nanotube-based electrodes that have survived thousands of flexing cycles.
A new world of flexible, bendable, even stretchable electronics is emerging from research labs to address a wide range of potentially game-changing uses.
The common, rigid printed circuit board is slowly being replaced by a thin ribbon of resilient, high-performance electronics.
"Basically, we are using a hybrid technology that mixes traditional electronics with flexible, high-performance electronics and new 3-D printing technologies,"says Benjamin J. Leever, Ph d,
. who is at the Air force Research Laboratory at Wright-Patterson Air force base.""In some cases, we incorporate'inks,
With our technology, we can take a razor-thin silicon integrated circuit, a few hundred nanometers thick,
To allow electronics to be bendable or stretchable or even change their configuration after fabrication,
and strains and report this information through miniature embedded antennas to ground crews or a pilot.
wearable patch and would include an antenna to transmit these biometric signals to the pilot or a ground team.
This type of monitoring dispenses with the need for the bulky electrodes and wiring that normally are associated with close medical surveillance."
"Leever adds that the Wright-Patterson team is part of a newly created Department of defense-led Flexible Hybrid Electronics Manufacturing Innovation Institute,
Over the next five years, $75 million will be offered in matching grants to spur domestic development of flexible hybrid electronics manufacturing g
two electrodes--one photoanode and one photocathode--and a membrane. The photoanode uses sunlight to oxidize water molecules,
Semiconductors such as silicon or gallium arsenide absorb light efficiently and are used therefore in solar panels. However, these materials also oxidize
which showed that adding a nanometers-thick layer of titanium dioxide (Tio2)--a material found in white paint
and many toothpastes and sunscreens--onto the electrodes could prevent them from corroding while still allowing light
and improve the stability of a gallium arsenide-based photoelectrode. Another key advance is the use of active, inexpensive catalysts for fuel production.
and flexible electronics University of Vermont scientists have invented a new way to create what they are calling an electron superhighway in an organic semiconductor that promises to allow electrons to flow faster
and farther--aiding the hunt for flexible electronics, organic solar cells, and other low-cost alternatives to silicon.
To explore these organic materials, UVM graduate students (from left) Naveen Rawat and Lane Manning, and professors Randy Headrick and Madalina Furis, deployed this table-top scanning laser microscope.
what they are calling"an electron superhighway"in one of these materials--a low-cost blue dye called phthalocyanine--that promises to allow electrons to flow faster and farther in organic semiconductors.
Their discovery, reported Sept. 14 in the journal Nature Communications, will aid in the hunt for alternatives to traditional silicon-based electronics.
HILLS AND POTHOLES Many of these types of flexible electronic devices will rely on thin films of organic materials that catch sunlight
Increasing the distance these excitons can diffuse--before they reach a juncture where they're broken apart to produce electrical current--is essential to improving the efficiency of organic semiconductors.
and Naveen Rawat G'15--opens a window to view how increasing"long-range order"in the organic semiconductor films is a key mechanism that allows excitons to migrate farther."
#First realization of an electric circuit with a magnetic insulator using spin waves In our current electronic equipment,
Duine from Utrecht University have succeeded to use spin waves in an electric circuit by carefully designing the device geometry.
and hence enables the spin waves to be used in an electric circuit. The spin wave circuit that the researchers built,
they could be used widely in many applications including as exceptionally strong components in personal electronic devices, in space exploration vehicles,
the sensor is very sensitive to changes in electromagnetic fields that are dispersed with different tissues (normal and tumor.
The role of nanosensor between body surface and the detector is to strengthen the signal and taking samples through plasmonic effects of nanoparticles.
At the Frontiers in Optics conference researchers will describe a custom-built ultrafast laser that could help image everything from semiconductor chips to cells in real time Using ultrafast beams of extreme ultraviolet light streaming at a 100,000 times a second, researchers
Their new approach could be used to study everything from semiconductor chips to cancer cells. The team will present their work at the Frontiers in Optics
and find their way onto a detector, creating a diffraction pattern. By analyzing that pattern,
the detector must be placed close to the target material--similar to placing a specimen close to a microscope to boost the magnification.
hardly any photons will bounce off the target at large enough angles to reach the detector.
Engineers can use this to hunt for tiny defects in semiconductor chips. Biologists can zoom in on the organelles that make up a cell.
Material moves foldable electronics, new implantable medical devices a step closer Abstract: Researchers have discovered a new stretchable,
This is a crucial step in creating a new generation of foldable electronics-think a flat-screen television that can be rolled up for easy portability-and implantable medical devices.
flexibility and transparency-all three are needed for foldable electronics-wear out too quickly to be said practical
That means the materials aren't durable enough for consumer electronics or biomedical devices.""Metallic materials often exhibit high cycle fatigue,
or organ surfaces, suggest the nanomesh"might be implanted in the body as a pacemaker electrode,
The scientists also predict that using high-end electronics and control of the viscosity gradient of the liquid could further optimize the system.
The key breakthrough will allow large quantities of data to be stored directly on an integrated optical chip,
a stumbling block so far has been the storage of large quantities of data directly on integrated chips in the optical domain.
The team of scientists from Germany and England have made a key breakthrough by capturing light on an integrated chip,
so developing the first permanent, all-optical on-chip memory. The research is published in leading scientific journal, Nature Photonics.
by delivering extremely fast on-chip optical data storage"In addition, he says, "the written state is preserved
when the power is removed, unlike most current on-chip memories"."The scientists from Oxford, Exeter, Karlsruhe and Mnster used so-called phase change materials at heart of their all-optical memory.
(or traffic) at the surface of a sensor, which drastically reduced the signal of our tests,
and limits the ability of this DNA to hybridize to its complementary strand located on the surface of a gold electrode.
explains that this novel signaling mechanism produces sufficient change in current to be measured using inexpensive electronics similar to those in the home glucose test meter used by diabetics to check their blood sugar.
Using a distant detector on the other side of the sample, the researchers recorded the sample's high-resolution hologram,
the team's manufacturing method aims to construct disposable tattoo-like health monitoring patches for the mass production of epidermal electronics,
Reliable, ultrathin wearable electronic devices that stick to the skin like a temporary tattoo are a relatively new innovation.
"One of the most attractive aspects of epidermal electronics is their ability to be said disposable,
and portable process for producing these electronics, which, unlike the current method, does not require a clean room, wafers and other expensive resources and equipment.
the electronics are printed onto any polymer adhesives, including temporary tattoo films. The cutter is programmable so the size of the patch and pattern can be customized easily.
"We are trying to add more types of sensors including blood pressure and oxygen saturation monitors to the low-cost patch."
Stretch Med is developing human electrophysiological sensors for clinical use, drawing on some of the patent-pending technologies described in this release e
which may possibly be used to extend battery lifetimes A battery cell consists of a positive and negative electrode,
"said Asghar Aryanfar, a scientist at Caltech, who led the new study that's published this week on the cover of The Journal of Chemical Physics, from AIP Publishing.
These attributes should lead to new LEDS and display devices not only with precisely matched colors--better color accuracy and brightness--but also with improved performance lifetime and improved ease of manufacturing."
Amazon Kindle and a new Samsung TV
#Graphene teams up with two-dimensional crystals for faster data communications Ultra-fast detection of light lies at the heart of optical communication systems nowadays.
"The results obtained from this study have shown that the stacking of semiconducting 2d materials with graphene in heterostructures could lead to new, fast and efficient optoelectronic applications,
spintronic devices. Their study was published in the prestigious Nature Physics journal. The research team, which included Natalya Pugach from the Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear physics, studied the interactions between superconductivity
and to create the new generation of electronics. In traditional microelectronics information is coded via the electric charges.
In spin electronics-or spintronics-information is coded via the electron spin, which could be directed along
or against particular axis."Superconducting spintronic devices will demand far less energy and emit less heat.
It means that this technology will allow to create much more economical and stable computing machines and supercomputers,
that the finding will allow development to develop conceptually new spintronic elements. According to Natalya Pugach, superconductive spintronics technologies may help to build supercomputers and powerful servers,
whose energy consumption and heat emission create much more problems than in case of ordinary desktop computers.""Development of computer technologies was based on semiconductors.
They are good for personal computers, but when you use these semiconductors to build supercomputers, they produce heat and noise, demand powerful cooling systems.
Spintronics allows to solve all these problems, "--Natalya Pugach concludes s
#Discovery about new battery overturns decades of false assumptions Abstract: New findings at Oregon State university have overturned a scientific dogma that stood for decades,
by showing that potassium can work with graphite in a potassium-ion battery-a discovery that could pose a challenge and sustainable alternative to the widely-used lithium-ion battery.
an organic compound found in plants, bacteria, algae and trees, to build more efficient and longer-lasting energy storage devices or supercapacitors.
and high-power electronics, such as wearable devices, portable power supplies and hybrid and electric vehicles.""Ultimately the goal of this research is to find ways to power current and future technology with efficiency
This can be used to produce more sustainable capacitor devices with higher power density and faster charging abilities compared to rechargeable batteries.
Lightweight and high-power density capacitors are of particular interest for the development of hybrid and electric vehicles.
The availability of stable magnetic skyrmions at room temperature opens up new studies on their properties and potential development in electronic devices,
#Scientists paint quantum electronics with beams of light: Chance effect of lab's fluorescent lights leads to discovery In contrast to using advanced nanofabrication facilities based on chemical processing of materials,
This finding is likely to spawn new developments in emerging technologies such as low-power electronics based on the spin of electrons or ultrafast quantum computers.
"The electrons in topological insulators have unique quantum properties that many scientists believe will be useful for developing spin-based electronics and quantum computers.
because traditional semiconductor engineering techniques tend to destroy their fragile quantum properties. Even a brief exposure to air can reduce their quality.
and erase p-n junctions--one of the central components of a transistor--in a topological insulator for the first time.
With many photonics and electronics applications, there has been considerable effort in creating artificial materials with optical and dielectric properties similar to air
For example, every handheld device has hundreds of capacitors, which are dielectric components that can store
and are compatible with existing chip manufacturing processes, "Chang says.""Our next steps include integrating these materials into functional optical and electronic devices
#Researchers from Kiel and Bochum develop new information storage device Scientists from Kiel University and the Ruhr Universität Bochum (RUB) have developed a new way to store information that uses ions to save data
It consists of two metallic electrodes that are separated by a so-called solid ion conductor usually a transition metal oxide.
and reduction processes on the electrodes, as well as ions within the layer between being displaced. The advantage is that cells that are constructed in this way are easy to produce
"building constellations of them can be used in quantum electronics. Physicists from France and Russia have discovered that the magnetic atoms in a two-dimensional layered superconductor create electronic disturbances that look like oscillating"nanostars".
"A"constellation"of these disturbances could be used in quantum electronics. The results of the study have been published in the prestigious scientific journal Nature Physics.
which makes them more suitable for developing a new generation of quantum electronics. A crystal lattice of a layered superconducting material-niobium diselenide-was used in the tests.
For the last 20 years, scientists have been attempting to create quantum systems that will outperform traditional semiconductor-based computers, the development potential
or blood serum along with an array of electronics to transmit the results in real time to a tablet via Bluetooth,
including computer chips and other optoelectronic components.""Our results demonstrate relatively fast modulation from fundamentally slow phosphorescent light emitters,
Phosphors are common light emitters used in light bulbs, LEDS and elsewhere. They are extremely efficient
One example could be optical communications networks on computer chips. Prototype on-chip networks have used semiconductor lasers as light emitters.
They can modulate very quickly, but they have downsides. Semiconductors can't be grown directly on a silicon chip,
so fabrication can be difficult. Using indirect means of modulation--interferometers, for example--makes for bulky systems that take up a lot of real estate on a chip.
What's more, semiconductor lasers are not particularly efficient. They produce a lot of heat along with light
which is a problem on a silicon chip. Erbium and other phosphors, on the other hand, can be deposited directly on silicon, making fabrication easier.
There's still more work to be done to get such a system up to a speed that would be useful on a chip,
and industrial researchers working on optoelectronics and nanophotonics, "the researchers write e
#Monitoring critical blood levels in real time in the ICU: EPFL has developed a miniaturized microfluidic device that will allow medical staff to monitor in real time levels of glucose,
or blood serum along with an array of electronics to transmit the results in real time to a tablet via Bluetooth,
Titanium dioxide nanoparticles doped with elements such as strontium and chrome were used in the production of the coating.
It can be expressed that the increase in the efficiency of the cells in comparison with the cells produced on the base of usual coatings containing titanium dioxide is due to the increase in the current density in their short circuits.
The coating of nanoparticles contains titanium dioxide and other spherical nanoparticles in average size of 60 nm.
This phase, characterized by an unusual ordering of electrons, offers possibilities for new electronic device functionalities and could hold the solution to a longstanding mystery in condensed matter physics having to do with high-temperature superconductivity--the ability
Photonics has the same goals as electronics does, but uses photons--the quanta of light--instead of electrons.
The typical scale of eletronic transistors--the basis of contemporary electronic devices--is less than 100 nanometers
wheres the typical scale of photonic transistors stays on the scale of several micrometers. Nanostructures that are able to compete with the electronic structures--for example,
Our work represents an important step towards novel and efficient active photonic devices--transistors, logic units, and others.
In the nearest future, we are going to test such nanoparticles in integrated circuits
#Magnetic Nanosorbents Eliminate Fluoride from Water Researchers from Tehran University of Medical sciences used low-cost and available raw materials for the laboratorial production of nanosorbents with high efficiency in elimination of fluoride from contaminated water.
This way they generate an interference pattern at the detector from which an atomic 3d-structure of the examined substance is reconstructed.
#Silk could be new'green'material for next-generation batteries Lithium-ion batteries have enabled many of today electronics, from portable gadgets to electric cars.
Now scientists report in the journal ACS Nano("Hierarchical Porous Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Nanosheets Derived from Silk for Ultrahigh-Capacity Battery Anodes and Supercapacitors")the development of a new,
Chuanbao Cao and colleagues note that carbon is a key component in commercial Li-ion energy storage devices including batteries and supercapacitors.
and supercapacitors in a one-step method that could easily be scaled up, the researchers note h
Now Accion has developed a commercial electrospray propulsion system their first is about the size of a pack of gum made of tiny chips that provide thrust for small satellites.
a module comprising eight chips each about 1 square centimeter, and 2 millimeters thick that can be applied anywhere on a satellite.
Above the reservoir are the chips, which each have a porous substrate with about 500 pointed tips and, above that, an extractor grid with small holes.
and a simple design, Accion can batch-manufacture modules much like computer chips in quantities of around 200 at once.
and sensors that can detect otherwise imperceptible defects in buildings, bridges, and aircraft.""This is the first time anybody has made a flexible chameleon-like skin that can change color simply by flexing it,
The Berkeley researchers were able to overcome both these hurdles by forming their grating bars using a semiconductor layer of silicon approximately 120 nanometers thick.
The semiconductor material also allowed the team to create a skin that was incredibly thin, perfectly flat,
More day-to-day applications could include sensors that would change color to indicate that structural fatigue was stressing critical components on bridges, buildings,
A wide-range of technologies, including LEDS, diagnostic tools, and solar cells also rely on small molecules. mall molecules have had already a big impact on the world,
#Nanotechnology may double radio frequency data capacity A team of Columbia Engineering researchers has invented a technology--full-duplex radio integrated circuits (ICS)--that can be implemented in nanoscale CMOS to enable simultaneous transmission and reception
transmitters and receivers either work at different times or at the same time but at different frequencies. The Columbia team, led by Electrical engineering Associate professor Harish Krishnaswamy,
Cosmic (Columbia High-speed and Mm-wave IC) Lab full-duplex transceiver IC that can be implemented in nanoscale CMOS to enable simultaneous transmission and reception at the same frequency in a wireless radio.
So the ability to have a transmitter and receiver reuse the same frequency has the potential to immediately double the data capacity of today's networks.
Krishnaswamy notes that other research groups and startup companies have demonstrated the theoretical feasibility of simultaneous transmission and reception at the same frequency,
"The biggest challenge the team faced with full duplex was canceling the transmitter's echo.
"Transmitter echo or'self-interference'cancellation has been a fundamental challenge, especially when performed in a tiny nanoscale IC,
avoiding the need for transceiver assemblies. The new technique, which will be presented 25 march at this year's OFC Conference and Exposition in Los angeles, California,
The optical chip needs to be as close to the electrical chip as possible to minimize the distance of electrical connection between them.
"In addition to the silicon technology advancements at the chip-level, novel system-level integration concepts are required also to fully profit from the new capabilities silicon photonics will bring,
Optical interconnect technology is incorporated currently into data centers by attaching discrete transceivers or active optical cables,
The prepackaged transceivers are large and expensive, limiting their large-scale use, Offrein said. Furthermore, such transceivers are mounted at the edge of the board,
resulting in a large distance between the processor chip and the optical components. Offrein and his IBM colleagues from Europe
the United states and Japan instead proposed an integration scheme in which the silicon photonic chips are treated similarly to ordinary silicon processor chips
and are attached directly to the processor package without preassembling them into standard transceiver housings. This improves the performance
and power efficiency of the optical interconnects while reducing the cost of assembly. Challenges arise because alignment tolerances in photonics are critical (sub-micron range)
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