which are nanocrystals with peculiar properties, and began exploring their use in biology. That led to further investigations into nanomaterials.
One accomplishment was a so-called molecular ruler made of gold nanoparticles tethered to DNA strands, which, using plasmon resonance,
#Packaging Cancer drug into Nanoparticles Double Tumor Destroying Efficacy Researchers have packaged a widely used cancer drug into nanoparticles,
forming a water-soluble nanoparticle with the drug hidden in its core. These nanoparticles are highly soluble in blood
and are the perfect size to penetrate and accumulate in tumors where they take advantage of a tumor's acidic environment."
creating an electrode made of nanoparticles with a solid shell, and a olkinside that can change size again and again without affecting the shell.
The use of nanoparticles with an aluminum yolk and a titanium dioxide shell has proven to be he high-rate champion among high-capacity anodes
That where the idea of using confined aluminum in the form of a yolk-shell nanoparticle came in.
and nanoparticles to naturally occurring plant cells, biological polymers and tissues. The first application in which this microscope was deployed in the DOE Bioenergy Science Center was for analyzing plant cell walls,
The study evaluated the nanoparticle treatment uniformity and particle retention of the nylon membranes as they were processed
and chemically grafted nanomembranes loaded with iron oxide nanoparticles, in the Journal of Applied Polymer Science, July 14.
Adhering nanoparticles of iron oxide to nylon fiber is done in three ways: electrospraying, which facilitates uniform nanoparticle placement in the fibers;
layer-by-layer assembly, where particles are coated on the fiber electrostatically; or chemical bonding. or the membrane, it important to evaluate particle retention and stability,
Trejo explained. ou would want the nanoparticles to stay on the Nylon 6 membranes so the material can have function throughout the life use.
#MRI SCANNERS can Non-Invasively Steer Cells with Nanoparticles to Tumour Sites Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI SCANNERS have been used since the 1980s to take detailed images inside the body-helping doctors to make a medical diagnosis
which have been injected with tiny super-paramagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIOS), to both primary and secondary tumour sites within the body.
Amorphous Nanoparticles from Wide Material Range Before Ibuprofen can relieve your headache, it has to dissolve in your bloodstream.
Researchers from Harvard John A. Paulson School of engineering and Applied science (SEAS) have developed a new system that can produce stable, amorphous nanoparticles in large quantities that dissolve quickly.
But that not All the system is so effective that it can produce amorphous nanoparticles from a wide range of materials,
These unstructured, inorganic nanoparticles have different electronic, magnetic and optical properties from their crystalized counterparts, which could lead to applications in fields ranging from materials engineering to optics.
Mallinckrodt Professor of Physics and Applied Physics and an associate faculty member of the Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard, describes the research in a paper published today in Science. his is a surprisingly simple way to make amorphous nanoparticles from almost any material,
The droplets are dried completely between one to three microseconds from the time they are sprayed, leaving behind the amorphous nanoparticle.
At first, the amorphous structure of the nanoparticles was said perplexing Esther Amstad, a former postdoctoral fellow in Weitzlab and current assistant professor at EPFL in Switzerland.
These factors prevent crystallization in nanoparticles, even in materials that are highly prone to crystallization, such as table salt.
The amorphous nanoparticles are exceptionally stable against crystallization lasting at least seven months at room temperature. The next step, Amstad said,
is to characterize the properties of these new inorganic amorphous nanoparticles and explore potential applications. his system offers exceptionally good control over the composition,
This molecule was brominated at either side so that, upon addition of iron nanoparticles, the bromine would be abstracted and a diradical formed.
#Researchers Demonstrate Breakthrough Method for Getting Nanoparticles to Self-Assemble The medium is the message.
An innovative method they have demonstrated now for getting nanoparticles to self-assemble focuses on the medium in
This approach is an elegant alternative to present methods that require nanoparticles to be coated with light-sensitive molecules;
uncoated nanoparticles into a light-sensitive medium would be simpler, and the resulting system more efficient and durable than existing ones.
The nanoparticles then react to the change in acidity in their environment: It is this reaction that causes the particles to aggregate in the dark
This means that any nanoparticles that respond to acid a much larger group than those that respond to light can now potentially be manipulated into self-assembly.
By using light a favored means of generating nanoparticle self-assembly to control the reaction,
when and where the nanoparticles will aggregate. And since nanoparticles tend to have different properties
if they are floating freely or clustered together, the possibilities for creating new applications are nearly limitless.
For one, the particles do not seem to degrade over time a problem that plagues the coated nanoparticles. e ran one hundred cycles of writing
and rewriting with the nanoparticles in a gel-like medium what we call reversible information storage
although we used gold nanoparticles for our experiments, theoretically one could even use sand, as long as it was sensitive to changes in acidity.
In addition to durable ewritable paper, Klajn suggests that future applications of this method might include removing pollutants from water certain nanoparticles can aggregate around contaminants
#Translational Grant for Interaction Study of Laser radiation with Circulating Tumor Cells and Melanin Nanoparticles University of Arkansas for Medical sciences (UAMS) researcher Vladimir Zharov, Ph d.,D. Sc.
and superficial veins and can heat the natural melanin nanoparticles in melanoma circulating tumor cells (CTCS).
The thermal expansion of these nanoparticles generates sound that can be detected with an ultrasound transducer attached to the skin.
This can improve the detection of CTCS by 1000-fold. he goal of this translational research grant is for patients to benefit from the knowledge obtained during our study of the interaction of laser radiation with circulating tumor cells and nanoparticles
Zharov said. any years ago we discovered that laser-induced high local temperature can evaporate liquid surrounding light-absorbing nanoparticles
Natural melanin nanoparticles will be used as biomarkers to diagnose and as targets for therapy. Because not all melanoma cells highly express melanin
#Platelet-Mimicking Nanoparticles Could Effectively Deliver Drugs to Targeted Sites Nanoparticles disguised as human platelets could greatly enhance the healing power of drug treatments for cardiovascular disease and systemic bacterial infections.
These platelet-mimicking nanoparticles, developed by engineers at the University of California, San diego, are capable of delivering drugs to targeted sites in the body--particularly injured blood vessels,
targeted drug delivery with nanoparticles, "said Liangfang Zhang, a nanoengineering professor at UC San diego and the senior author of the study."
platelet-mimicking nanoparticles can directly provide a much higher dose of medication specifically to diseased areas without saturating the entire body with drugs."
The ins and outs of the platelet copycats On the outside, platelet-mimicking nanoparticles are cloaked with human platelet membranes,
which enable the nanoparticles to circulate throughout the bloodstream without being attacked by the immune system. The platelet membrane coating has another beneficial feature:
and certain pathogens such as MRSA bacteria, allowing the nanoparticles to deliver and release their drug payloads specifically to these sites in the body.
Enclosed within the platelet membranes are made nanoparticle cores of a biodegradable polymer that can be metabolized safely by the body.
The nanoparticles can be packed with many small drug molecules that diffuse out of the polymer core and through the platelet membrane onto their targets.
To make the platelet-membrane-coated nanoparticles, engineers first separated platelets from whole blood samples using a centrifuge.
the platelet membranes were broken up into much smaller pieces and fused to the surface of nanoparticle cores.
The resulting platelet-membrane-coated nanoparticles are approximately 100 nanometers in diameter, which is one thousand times thinner than an average sheet of paper.
This cloaking technology is based on the strategy that Zhang's research group had developed to cloak nanoparticles in red blood cell membranes.
The researchers previously demonstrated that nanoparticles disguised as red blood cells are capable of removing dangerous pore-forming toxins produced by MRSA, poisonous snake bites and bee stings from the bloodstream.
Platelet copycats at work In one part of this study, researchers packed platelet-mimicking nanoparticles with docetaxel,
Researchers observed that the docetaxel-containing nanoparticles selectively collected onto the damaged sites of arteries
platelet-mimicking nanoparticles can also greatly minimize bacterial infections that have entered the bloodstream and spread to various organs in the body.
Researchers injected nanoparticles containing just one-sixth the clinical dose of the antibiotic vancomycin into one of group of mice systemically infected with MRSA bacteria.
"Our platelet-mimicking nanoparticles can increase the therapeutic efficacy of antibiotics because they can focus treatment on the bacteria locally without spreading drugs to healthy tissues
"We hope to develop platelet-mimicking nanoparticles into new treatments for systemic bacterial infections and cardiovascular disease
#Coated Silica Nanoparticles Could be used for Restorative Treatment of Sensitive Teeth Researchers at the University of Birmingham have shown how the development of coated silica nanoparticles could be used in restorative treatment of sensitive teeth
Previous attempts have used compounds of calcium fluoride, combinations of carbonate-hydroxypatite nanocrystals and bioactive glass, but all have seen limited success as they are liable to aggregate on delivery to the tubules.
the researchers from Aalto University and University of Jyväskylä have shown recently how DNA origamis can be used in efficient fabrication of custom-shaped metal nanoparticles that could be used in various fields of material sciences.
#Quantity, Dimensions of Carbon black Nanoparticles Crucial for Lithium-Ion Battery Function A Stanford undergraduate has contributed to a discovery that confounds the conventional wisdom in lithium-ion battery design,
Prior to the team's research, the quantity and dimensions of the carbon black nanoparticles weren't considered particularly crucial to a battery's function."
To this end, the scientists created a multilayer sandwich material with alternating layers of ultrathin phosphatoantimonate nanosheets and silicon dioxide (Sio2) or titanium dioxide nanoparticles (Tio2.
and oxide nanoparticles is highly stable from a chemical perspective and responds selectively to water vapour. A layer protecting against chemical influences has to let moisture through The scientists can imagine their materials being used in much more than just future generations of smartphones, tablets or notebooks. ltimately,
#Researchers Enhance Efficiency of Ultrathin CIGSE Solar cells Using Nanoparticles Now, scientists at Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin have produced high quality ultrathin CIGSE layers
and increased their efficiency by an array of tiny nanoparticles between the back contact and the active layer.
Nanoparticles with sizes the order of a wavelength interact with light in specific ways. A young investigator group at Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, led by Professor Martina Schmid,
is inquiring how to use arrangements of such nanoparticles to improve solar cells and other optoelectronic devices.
He then started to enquire how to implement nanoparticles between different layers of the solar cell.
They proposed to produce arrays of dielectric nanoparticles by nanoimprinting technologies. No big effect by nanoparticles on topin a first step, the colleagues in Amsterdam implemented a pattern of dielectric Tio2-nanoparticles on top of Yin ultrathin solar cells;
the idea was that they would act as light traps and increase absorption in the CIGSE layer.
a nanoparticle array not on top but at the back contact of the cell! Nanoparticles at the back contact:
effiency increases to 12.3%The colleagues from Amsterdam produced an array of Sio2 nanoparticles, directly on the Molybdenum substrate
which corresponds to the back contact of the solar cell. On top of this structured substrate the ultrathin CIGSE layer was grown by Yin,
With additional anti-reflective nanoparticles at the front efficiencies raised even to 13.1%.%Light trapping and prevention of charge carrier losshis leads to efficient light trapping
Further studies indicate that the nanoarray of dielectric Sio2 nanoparticles at the back side could also increase efficiency by reducing chances for charge carrier recombination. his work is just a start,
thus increasing efficiencies by making use of optical and electrical benefits of the nanoparticles, Martina Schmid says M
#Archaeal Gas Vesicle Nanoparticles Hold Potential to Develop Powerful Malaria Vaccine In a recent breakthrough to combat malaria,
when displayed on novel nanoparticles. This approach has the potential to prevent the parasite from multiplying in the human host
Shiladitya Dassarma's laboratory at the University of Maryland School of medicine, Baltimore, USA, who has developed Archaeal gas vesicle nanoparticles (GVNPS.
The small unique segment of enolase was fused genetically to a nanoparticle protein and this conjugated system was used to vaccinate mice.
Its pages contain nanoparticles of silver or copper, which kill bacteria in the water as it passes through.
or copper ions-depending on the nanoparticles used-as they percolate through the page.""Ions come off the surface of the nanoparticles,
and those are absorbed by the microbes, "Dr Dankovich explained. According to her tests, one page can clean up to 100 litres of water.
Its pages contain nanoparticles of silver or copper, which kill bacteria in the water as it passes through.
or copper ions-depending on the nanoparticles used-as they percolate through the page.""Ions come off the surface of the nanoparticles,
and those are absorbed by the microbes, "Dr Dankovich explained. According to her tests, one page can clean up to 100 litres of water.
#New Nanoparticles Clean the Environment, Drinking water Nanoparticles are between 1 and 100 nanometers in size.
With the help of nanoparticles and UV LIGHT removal of these toxins could be less expensive and time-consuming than current methods.
How it works The nanoparticles are prepared from molecules (synthetic macromolecules commonly called plastics) that have a protective,
When this happens on a nanoparticle, its protecting corona is removed and only the hydrophobic core remains.
with more than 95 percent of the nanoparticles removed from the water. When the nanoparticle loses its protective layer,
polymers are released into the water. While the polymer released (polyethylene glycol) is recognized as safe and used in various food, pharmaceutical and cosmetics products,
Bertrand nanoparticles have compared benefits with current purification processes. Some current techniques rely on chemical degradation of pollutants,
the nanoparticles float passively in the fluid until we precipitate them. Current water purification infrastructures have UV irradiation systems optimized to kill bacteria,
this irradiation is more than sufficient to precipitate our nanoparticles, Bertrand explained. Bertrand told Laboutlook that one fundamental observation from this work is that small molecules passively absorb on the surface of the nanoparticle,
and that the amounts absorbed correlate with the surface-to-volume ratio, meaning more absorption occurs on small nanoparticles. his is an important consideration for drug delivery
because it could explain what happens with nanoparticles with high drug encapsulation and extensive burst release.
Harnessing nanoparticles in Africa Theresa Dankovich uses nanotechnology to purify drinking water in Africa. By filtering water through paper embedded with silver or copper nanoparticles,
99.9 percent water purity is achievable. She calls it he Drinkable Book. Silver nanoparticles eliminate a wide variety of microorganisms,
including bacteria and some viruses . While some silver and copper will seep from the nanoparticle-coated paper,
the amount is said minimal, Dankovich, and is well below limits for metals put in place by the Environmental protection agency and World health organization.
Dankovich nonprofit company page Drinking Paper, works together with the nonprofit WATERISLIFE to produce a book of this nanoparticle-embedded paper,
which is put in a special holding device that water is filtered then through. One page can filter 26 gallons of drinking water;
Drug delivery and beyond The power of nanoparticles is also being harnessed to fight life-threatening lung diseases, such as cystic fibrosis.
Researchers at Johns hopkins university School of medicine, Johns hopkins university Department of Chemical and Biomolecular engineering and Federal University of Rio de janeiro in Brazil conducted a proof-of-concept study that found DNA-loaded nanoparticles could successfully pass through the hard-to-breach mucus barrier
Other attempts to penetrate the barrier with nanoparticles were unsuccessful because they possessed a positive charge that caused them to be tickyand adhere to the negatively charged mucus covering the airways.
To circumvent this problem the team developed a simple method to densely coat the nanoparticles with a nonsticky polymer called PEG,
or drugs inside a man-made biodegradable nanoparticle rapperthat patients inhale could penetrate the mucus barrier
stopped brain cancer in rats by delivering gene therapy through nanoparticles. The nanoparticles deliver genes for an enzyme that converts a prodrug called ganciclovir into a glioma cell killer.
There is no reliable treatment for glioma which has a 5-year survival rate of 12 percent.
Although their nanoparticle technology is solid, some challenges remain before it can be implemented in an industrial application.
and circulating tumor cells than using the drugs in a nanogel delivery system without the platelet membrane. e like to do additional preclinical testing on this technique,
which incorporates nanoparticles into polymers through a technique called electrospinning, was developed by a team from the University of North Texas System College of Pharmacy,
When these nanoparticles are used as the anode in a lithium ion battery, the researchers found it had a storage capacity of 1. 2 ampere-hours per gram.
At one end of that plane there is a so-called quantum dot: a tiny trap for electrons, only a hundred nanometers wide, in which owing to quantum mechanics the electrons exist in well-defined energy states similar to those of an atom.
In their experiments, the physicists detect this wave nature by measuring the current flowing from the quantum dot to the curved mirror.
and thus couple coherently to the quantum dot",stresses Rössler, who developed the experiment in the group of ETH professor Klaus Ensslin.
Indeed, the researchers were able to show that the interaction between the electrons in the quantum dot
With the help of a resonator and a quantum dot simulating such an impurity, the physicists hope to be able to study the Kondo effect very precisely.
Efstathios Karathanasis, a biomedical engineer at Case School of engineering, has developed chainlike nanoparticles that can carry drugs across the blood-brain barrier that keeps standard medicines from reaching their target--a highly aggressive brain cancer called
Karathanasis'lab developed a short chain of magnetic nanoparticles made of iron oxide and modified the surfaces so one links to the next, much like Lego building blocks.
semiconducting and insulating nanoparticles. Currently, printed conductive patterns use a combination of poorly conducting carbon with other materials, most commonly silver
"What's unique about this paper is that we show not the use of metal particles, not the use of metal nanoparticles,
"There are so many atoms inside the nanoparticle that never do anything. But in our process the atoms driving catalysis have no metal atoms next to them.
such as platinum-copper single atom alloy nanoparticles supported on an alumina substrate, and then tested them under industrial pressure and temperatures."
Previously, nanoparticle walkers were only able to walk on precise and programmed one-and two-dimensional paths.
#Accidental nanoparticles could let lithium ion batteries live another day A new study from MIT could keep lithium ion battery technology on the track for another few laps,
The breakthrough comes from an accidentally created synthetic metal nanoparticle that could solve some of the oldest problems for batteries.
Their testing shows that the nanoparticles could allow up to four times the charge retention after a long lifetime of use,
Researchers from MIT were attempting to address this problem with different treatments for aluminum nanoparticles
and that work led them to bathe nanoparticles in a mixture of sulfuric acid and titanium oxysulfate,
This resulted in an unforeseen egg-like nanoparticle design, in which a olkof aluminum is covered in a hellof titanium dioxide.
#New quantum dot could make quantum communications possible A new form of quantum dot has been developed by an international team of researchers that can produce identical photons at will,
So, unless youe less than one quantum dot range away from the person you want to talk to,
The special feature of the alloy is that these individual crystals are tinyhis is referred to as a nanocrystalline material. lthough nanocrystalline materials have many desirable properties,
which involved loading the drug into nanoparticles to improve the speed at which is destroys clots.
#Aluminum"yolk"nanoparticles deliver high-capacity battery recipe Researchers at MIT and Tsinghua University in China have found a way to more than triple the capacity of the anodes,
-and-shell"nanoparticles, is reportedly simple to manufacture and is especially promising for high-power applications.
They have done so by creating nanoparticles with a solid titanium outer shell and an inner aluminum"yolk"that can freely expand
a process that coated the nanoparticles in a hard shell three to four nanometers thick.
This gave the aluminum nanoparticles enough room to collect lithium ions and expand considerably as needed, without damaging the electric contacts of the cell.
Each of its pages is made from a thick sheet of paper impregnated with silver and copper nanoparticles,
"The biodegradable polymer is reinforced with montmorillonite clay nanoparticles (we've seen nanoparticles used in other ways to heal bones) for strength,
or copper nanoparticles that kill bacteria found in contaminated water. Each page could filter 99%of bacteria
#Immune cell binding nanoparticle could lead to new sepsis treatment A nanoparticle that binds to immune cells in the body has been shown to tune down inflammation and offer a potential first-of-a-kind treatment for sepsis.
Researchers sprinkled a plastic nanoparticle with sialic acid ligands that modulated macrophage immune cells. This produced a therapeutic response in mouse models of sepsis, in human lung cells and an ex vivo human lung model.
or seen an effect within hours. rotein targetingthe nanoparticles target Siglecs, proteins found on the surface of immune cells that recognise a type of sugar called sialic acid. hese receptors help the immune system distinguish between self and non-self
molecular biologist James Paulson at the Scripps Research Institute in the US told this publication. he authors exploit Siglec function by attaching sialic acids to nanoparticles that exploit the function of Siglecs and control inflammation,
but do conjugated so only when to a nanoparticle. acrophages try to gobble up the nanoparticles and remove them from circulation,
so we are getting a targeting effect using the nanoparticle that you couldn get with a soluble antibody,
These findings are surprising ince it had not been reported previously that engaging this siglec receptor with nanoparticles displaying the glycan (sugar) ligand would have such profound effects on inflammation,
Another researcher in Saldaña lab is looking at adding nanoparticles on the films. Right now
but with nanoparticles, more could be added and released strategically. Meanwhile, Saldaña says, the overall goal is to achieve complete use of the available biomass.
#Nanoparticles Penetrate Mucus Barrier to Bring Gene therapy to Lung Parenchyma A collaboration between researchers at Johns hopkins university
and Federal University of Rio de janeiro in Brazil has managed to develop nanoparticles capable of carrying DNA molecules through the previously impenetrable mucus barrier of the lungs.
The nanoparticles are biodegradable and don present problems associated with DNA ferrying viruses. Previously developed nanoparticles suffered from a poor ability to pass through mucus due to their charge
and also bunched in groups, further limiting their usefulness. The nanoparticles are made of biodegradable polymers called poly (ß-amino esters)( PBAES)
and in lab tests were able to pass through mucus taken from real patients. To test whether genes delivered this way would actually work inside a real body,
the researchers loaded DNA strings coding for light producing proteins into the nanoparticles and had animals inhale them into their lungs.
the Drinkable Book features pages embedded with silver or copper nanoparticles. In 25 trials at contaminated drinking sites in Ghana and Bangladesh, the paper was effective at removing 99 percent of bacteria."
and drug loaded nanoparticles to unload medication when the skin flexes and contracts. The idea is that this kind of approach can deliver drugs transdermally only when needed.
each filled with drug loaded nanoparticles. The nanoparticles are designed to slowly release a medication into the capsules where they reside.
The capsules themselves are not impermeable, but will let compounds through when enough pressure is applied to them.
The combination of the mechanisms lets the nanoparticles load the capsules with a small amount of a medication and release it into the skin immediately on demand d
potentially offering an easy way to monitor the assembly of nanoparticles, or to study how mass is distributed within a cell.
New research by the Nanoparticles By design Unit at the Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University (OIST), in collaboration with the Materials Center Leoben Austria and the Austrian Centre for Electron microscopy and Nanoanalysis has developed an efficient
The researchers used a copper oxide nanowire decorated with palladium nanoparticles to detect carbon monoxide a common industrial pollutant.
They found that copper oxide nanowires decorated with palladium nanoparticles show a significantly greater increase in electrical resistance in the presence of carbon monoxide than the same type of nanowires without the nanoparticles.
The OIST Nanoparticles By design Unit used a sophisticated technique that allowed them to first sift nanoparticles according to size,
then deliver and deposit the palladium nanoparticles onto the surface of the nanowires in an evenly distributed manner.
This even dispersion of size selected nanoparticles and the resulting nanoparticles-nanowire interactions are crucial to get an enhanced electrical response.
The OIST nanoparticle deposition system can be tailored to deposit multiple types of nanoparticles at the same time, segregated on distinct areas of the wafer where the nanowire sits.
with each device utilizing a different type of nanoparticle. Compared to other options being explored in gas sensing
However, different nanowire-nanoparticle material configurations are currently being investigated in order to lower the operating temperature of this system."
"I think nanoparticle-decorated nanowires have a huge potential for practical applications as it is possible to incorporate this type of technology into industrial devices,
Mukhles Sowwan at the OIST Nanoparticles By design Unit. Image: Palladium nanoparticles were deposited on the entire wafer in an evenly distributed fashion,
as seen in the background. They also attached on the surface of the copper oxide wire in the same evenly distributed manner,
On the upper right is a top view of a single palladium nanoparticle photographed with a transmission electron microscope (TEM)
The nanoparticle is made up of columns consisting of palladium atoms stacked on top of each other. This image has been modified from the original to provide a better visualization.
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