#Facebook M Is trained and Monitored by Humans, Facebook Reveals Facebook has entered the virtual digital assistant space with a new service for its millions of Messenger users,
#Clumps of gold nanoparticles can evolve to carry out computing Move over, microchip. A random assembly of gold nanoparticles can perform calculations normally reserved for neatly arranged patterns of silicon.
Traditional computers rely on ordered circuits that follow preprogrammed rules, but this strategy limits how efficient they can be. he best microprocessors you can buy in a store now can do 1011 operations per second
either using more nanoparticles or more electrodes. he electrodes are probably more important, so that you can have more inputs and outputs. o
#Clump of gold nanoparticles can evolve to carry out computing MOVE OVER, microchip. A random assembly of gold nanoparticles can perform calculations normally reserved for neatly arranged patterns of silicon.
Traditional computers rely on ordered circuits that follow preprogrammed rules, but this limits their efficiency. he best microprocessors you can buy in a store now can do 1011 operations per second,
"and"nanoparticle"are probably not terms you find yourself using in day-to-day interactions, but for the Univ. of Cincinnati (UC)' s Yoonjee Park, assistant professor in the College of Engineering and Applied science biomedical engineering professor, these words are central to every conversation relating to her cutting edge research on drug delivery vehicles.
"Usually I use nanoparticles for drug delivery vehicles, and we can attach image and contrast agents to the nanoparticle to track the particle.
Or the nanoparticle itself is the image and contrast agent which makes a complex of the image and contrast agent with the drug itself."
"In the course of time Park began to focus her efforts on those parts of the body that posed a significant challenge
Her Phd at Purdue University and her research at Boston's Massachusetts institute of technology were dedicated both to studying particle stabilization to avoid clogging arteries with the nanoparticles and drug delivery vehicles;
the scientists had to add platinum nanoparticles and an electron donor to their powder polymer."
"The platinum nanoparticles work as microelectrodes on which the electrons are transferred from the COF to the protons to form hydrogen,
according to the researchers. hat unique about this paper is that we show not the use of metal particles, not the use of metal nanoparticles,
he said. here are so many atoms inside the nanoparticle that never do anything. But in our process the atoms driving catalysis have no metal atoms next to them.
They then filled this mould with a suspension containing aluminium oxide platelets and glass nanoparticles as mortar.
they use a flexible polymer substrate covered in gold nanoparticles to which the VOCS attach. By applying electrodes and a voltage to the resulting film,
#One dollar blood test using gold nanoparticles outperforms PSA screen for prostate cancer, study suggests The simple test developed by University of Central Florida scientist Qun"Treen"Huo holds the promise of earlier detection of one of the deadliest cancers among men.
Huo's test detects that immune response using gold nanoparticles about 10,000 times smaller than a freckle.
When a few drops of blood serum from a finger prick are mixed with the gold nanoparticles, certain cancer biomarkers cling to the surface of the tiny particles,
Among researchers, gold nanoparticles are known for their extraordinary efficiency at absorbing and scattering light. Huo and her team at UCF's Nanoscience Technology Center developed a technique known as nanoparticle-enabled dynamic light scattering assay (Nanodlsay) to measure the size of the particles by analyzing the light they throw off.
That size reveals whether a patient has prostate cancer and how advanced it may be. And although it uses gold,
A small bottle of nanoparticles suspended in water costs about $250, and contains enough for about 2, 500 tests."
#Researchers deliver large particles into cells at high speed The researchers created a highly efficient automated tool that delivers nanoparticles, enzymes, antibodies, bacteria and other"large-sized"cargo into mammalian cells at the rate
"The device uses gold nanoparticles (microscopic particles) and glowing quantum dots. The researchers developed a novel approach for rapid and sensitive detection of surface proteins of viruses from blood samples of turkeys.
#Efficient method of producing metallic nanoparticles VTT's aerosol technology reactor for nanoparticle production can generate a variety of pure metal particles, particles of various alloys and carbon-coated particles.
The reactor can efficiently produce hundreds of grammes or even kilogrammes of nanoparticles per day."
"Demand has outstripped supply in the nanoparticle markets. This has been an obstacle to the development of product applications;
In most cases, industrial production of metallic nanoparticles involves chemical reduction in liquid solutions which requires the design of product-specific solutions.
Nanoparticles have also been tested in the manufacture of magnetic inks and inks that conduct electricity in printed electronics.
The silicon nanoparticles it produces may even enable lithium battery capacity to be boosted by a factor of 10.
The laser's cavity is made up of an array of reflective gold nanoparticles, where the light is concentrated around each nanoparticle
and then amplified. In contrast to conventional laser cavities, no mirrors are required for the light to bounce back and forth.
the nanoparticle cavity stays fixed and does not change; only the liquid gain around the nanoparticles changes.
The main advantages of very small lasers are: Some technical backgroundplasmon lasers are promising nanoscale coherent sources of optical fields
Odom's research team has found a way to integrate liquid gain materials with gold nanoparticle arrays to achieve nanoscale plasmon lasing that can be tuned dynamical, reversibly and in real time.
Thus, the same fixed nanocavity structure (the same gold nanoparticle array) can exhibit lasing wavelengths that can be tuned over 50 nanometers, from 860 to 910 nanometers,
Four new atomic structures for gold nanoparticle clusters Led by University of Nebraska-Lincoln chemistry professor Xiao Cheng Zeng,
and former UNL visiting professor Yi Gao, new research has revealed four atomic arrangements of a gold nanoparticle cluster.
Knowing the nanoparticle's most stable configurations, Zeng said, could allow biomedical engineers to identify appropriate binding sites for drugs used to treat cancer and other diseases.
The findings could also optimize the use of gold nanoparticles in catalyzing the oxidation process that transforms dangerous carbon monoxide emissions into the less noxious carbon dioxide,
The group developed a sensitive biosensing platform that detects E coli by the aggregation of nanoparticles on cellulose Paper gold nanoparticles are covered with surface molecules that bind to E coli bacteria.
When the test fluid containing bacteria is mixed with the nanoparticles and transferred to the cellulose paper, the aggregation results in a blue spot.
creating an electrode made of nanoparticles with a solid shell, and a"yolk"inside that can change size again and again without affecting the shell.
The use of nanoparticles with an aluminum yolk and a titanium dioxide shell has proven to be"the high-rate champion among high-capacity anodes"
That's where the idea of using confined aluminum in the form of a yolk-shell nanoparticle came in.
what are called"core-shell"and"yolk-shell"nanoparticles. The former have a shell that is bonded directly to the core,
"If you put the photonic crystal-enhanced quantum dot into a device like a phone or computer,
Scientists unveil new technique for spotting quantum dots to make high performance nanophotonic devices A quantum dot should produce one and only one photon--the smallest constituent of light--each time it is energized,
which will enable control of the photons that the quantum dot generates. However finding the quantum dots--they're just about 10 nanometers across--is no small feat.
Array"This is a first step towards providing accurate location information for the manufacture of high performance quantum dot devices,
which they were able to collect 50 per cent of the quantum dot's emitted photons, the theoretical limit for this type of structure.
Such high purity is partly due to the fact that the location technique helps the researchers to quickly survey the wafer (10,000 square micrometers at a time) to find regions where the quantum dot density is especially low-only about one per 1
This makes it far more likely that each grating device contains one--and only one--quantum dot.
or photons, using an artificially constructed atom, known as a semiconductor quantum dot. Thanks to the enhanced optical properties of this system and the technique used to make the measurements,
In the Cambridge experiment, the researchers achieved this by shining a faint laser beam on to their artificial atom, the quantum dot.
This excited the quantum dot and led to the emission of a stream of individual photons.
By scattering faint laser light from the quantum dot the noise of part of the electromagnetic field was reduced to an extremely precise and low level, below the standard baseline of vacuum fluctuations.
#Ideal single-photon source developed With the help of a semiconductor quantum dot, physicists have developed a new type of light source that emits single photons.
A quantum dot is a collection of a few hundred thousand atoms that can form itself into a semiconductor under certain conditions.
Richard J. Warburton from the University of Basel have shown already in past publications that the indistinguishability of the photons is reduced by the fluctuating nuclear spin of the quantum dot atoms.
Wave-particle dualism with large molecules The virtual laboratories provide an insight into the fundamental understanding and into the applications of quantum mechanics with macromolecules and nanoparticles.
research shows Researchers at the University of Birmingham have shown how the development of coated silica nanoparticles could be used in restorative treatment of sensitive teeth
Previous attempts have used compounds of calcium fluoride, combinations of carbonate-hydroxypatite nanocrystals and bioactive glass, but all have seen limited success as they are liable to aggregate on delivery to the tubules.
and Zhitomirsky, a materials science and engineering professor, demonstrates an improved three-dimensional energy storage device constructed by trapping functional nanoparticles within the walls of a nanocellulose foam.
The type of nanocellulose used is called cellulose nanocrystals and looks like uncooked long-grain rice but with nanometer-dimensions.
semiconducting and insulating nanoparticles. Currently, printed conductive patterns use a combination of poorly conducting carbon with other materials, most commonly silver
shows considerable protection against malaria when displayed on Archaeal gas vesicle nanoparticles. A vaccine based on this motif could confer protection against all malaria parasites.
when displayed on novel nanoparticles. This approach has the potential to prevent the parasite from multiplying in the human host
Shiladitya Dassarma's laboratory at the University of Maryland School of medicine, Baltimore, USA, who has developed Archaeal gas vesicle nanoparticles (GVNPS.
The small unique segment of enolase was fused genetically to a nanoparticle protein and this conjugated system was used to vaccinate mice.
#Engineers design magnetic cell sensors MIT engineers have designed magnetic protein nanoparticles that can be used to track cells
"Ferritin, which is as close as biology has given us to a naturally magnetic protein nanoparticle,
"The new"hypermagnetic"protein nanoparticles can be produced within cells, allowing the cells to be imaged or sorted using magnetic techniques.
"Rather than actually making a nanoparticle in the lab and attaching it to cells or injecting it into cells,
Researchers have integrated silver nanoparticles into the thin plasma polymer coating, which is up to just 100 nanometers thick.
The silver nanoparticles dissolve over a period of several weeks, and during that time they continuously release small quantities of antimicrobial silver ions,
impregnated with silver nanoparticles. Following a postdoctoral stint at the University of Virginia (UVA), she was also able to dope the paper with relatively inexpensive copper nanoparticles. he paper is really thick and sturdy,
it has less than one weight percent of silver in it, explained Dankovich, speaking at the 250th ACS National Meeting & Exposition at Boston,
#Nanoparticles used to breach mucus barrier in lungs Proof-of-concept study conducted in mice a key step toward better treatments for lung diseases Nanotechnology could one day provide an inhaled vehicle to deliver targeted therapeutic genes
and Federal University of Rio de janeiro in Brazil have designed a DNA-loaded nanoparticle that can pass through the mucus barrier covering conducting airways of lung tissue proving the concept,
or replacement genes or drugs inside a man-made biodegradable nanoparticle rapperthat patients inhale could penetrate the mucus barrier
Suk says their work with nanoparticles grew out of failed efforts to deliver treatments to people with lung diseases.
but it also makes the airway mucus harder to overcome by inhaled therapeutic nanoparticles. Most of the existing drugs for CF help clear infections but do not solve the disease underlying problems.
or corrective genes via the mucus-penetrating DNA-loaded nanoparticles could mediate production of normal, unctionalproteins long term.
DNA-loaded nanoparticles possess positive charge that caused them to adhere to negatively charged biological environments, in this case the mucus covering the lung airways.
In other words, conventional nanoparticles are too sticky to avoid unwanted off-target interactions during their journey toward the target cells.
the team developed a simple method to densely coat the nanoparticles with a nonsticky polymer called PEG,
They showed that these nanoparticles retained their sizes at a physiological environment and are capable of rapidly penetrating human airway mucus freshly collected from patients visiting the Johns Hopkins Adult Cystic fibrosis Program directed by Michael Boyle,
They demonstrated that inhaled delivery of the genes via the mucus-penetrating nanoparticles resulted in widespread production of the protein to levels superior to gold-standard,
adding that the nanoparticles did not appear to show any adverse effects, such as increased lung inflammation.
Scientists curve nanoparticle sheets into complex forms Scientists have been making nanoparticles for more than two decades in two-dimensional sheets, three-dimensional crystals and random clusters.
But they have never been able to get a sheet of nanoparticles to curve or fold into a complex three-dimensional structure.
This highly magnified image of a folded gold nanoparticle scroll shows that even though researchers can fold the membrane,
the team got membranes of gold nanoparticles coated with organic molecules to curl into tubes when hit with an electron beam.
The scientists coat gold nanoparticles of a few thousand atoms each with an oil-like organic molecule that holds the gold particles together.
the staff scientist at the Center for Nanoscale Materials who led the project. ut it a very thin membrane made of a single layer of nanoparticles. rgonne researchers are able to fold gold nanoparticle membranes in a specific
so they end up distributing themselves in a nonuniform way across the top and bottom layers of the nanoparticle sheet.
to analyze the surface of the nanoparticles. They discovered that the amount of surface covered by the organic molecules
scientists could use this method to induce folding in any nanoparticle membrane that has an asymmetrical distribution of surface molecules.
SEM images (false colour) depicting the intricate gel fibre architecture They then discovered that intertwined amongst these microscopic fibres were a profusion of nanoparticles around 100 nanometres in size.
An X-ray diffraction technique confirmed that these were nanoparticles of KUST-1 a copper-based Metal-Organic Framework (MOF) notable for its very large surface area (exceeding 2000 square-metres in each gram.
his fascinating phenomenon is exceptionally rare for gel systems incorporating MOF nanoparticles; to the best of our knowledge this is the first example of its kind reported in the literature.
But it the promise of MOF nanoparticles suitable to make into thin films for sensors and microelectronics that is particularly alluring.
e discovered that copious amounts of high-quality HKUST-1 (MOF) nanoparticles can be harvested straightforwardly by breaking down the gel fibres using methanol. hese MOF nanoparticles can then be used as a recursor making it easy to fabricate multifunctional thin
Thin film sensors created using MOF nanoparticles harvested from hybrid gels The team worked with Isis Innovation to patent the technology and Samsung Electronics
or photons, using an artificially constructed atom, known as a semiconductor quantum dot. Thanks to the enhanced optical properties of this system and the technique used to make the measurements,
In the Cambridge experiment, the researchers achieved this by shining a faint laser beam on to their artificial atom, the quantum dot.
This excited the quantum dot and led to the emission of a stream of individual photons.
By scattering faint laser light from the quantum dot, the noise of part of the electromagnetic field was reduced to an extremely precise and low level
Synthetic Exosomes Could Avoid Need for Neural Progenitor Cells n combination with synthetic nanoparticles that my laboratory is developing,
and TRAIL in a nanogel delivery system without the platelet membrane. e like to do additional preclinical testing on this technique,
semiconducting and insulating nanoparticles. Currently, printed conductive patterns use a combination of poorly conducting carbon with other materials, most commonly silver,
and engineering, allowing researchers to open new windows into phenomena as vast as the universe and as small as nanoparticles.
#Nanotechnology could spur new heart treatment for arrthymia A new nanoparticle developed by University of Michigan researchers could be the key to a targeted therapy for cardiac arrhythmia,
The major challenge of adapting the therapy to heart cells was developing a nanoparticle small enough to penetrate the tiny pores inside heart capillaries,
we used nanoparticles that were about 120 nanometers in size, says Kopelman. o work inside the heart,
The team tested a treatment that delivers the photo sensitizing chemical (made from algae) to the targeted cells by injecting nanoparticles loaded with both the chemical
and an amino acid-based peptide that causes the nanoparticles to be taken up only by the targeted cells.
The low-level light destroys only the cells that have absorbed the nanoparticles leaving the other heart cells unharmed.
The team is also working to devise a method for producing larger quantities of the nanoparticles at pharmaceutical-grade standards.
Previously, nanoparticle walkers were only able to walk on precise and programmed one-and two-dimensional paths.
These microcapsules, in turn, are packed with nanoparticles that can be filled with drugs. The university said in a statement that the microcapsules stick halfway out of the film, on the side of the film that touches a patient skin.
The drugs release slowly from the nanoparticles and are stored in the microcapsules. When the elastic film is stretched
After being stretched, the microcapsule is refilled by the drugs that continue to leak out of the nanoparticles. his can be used to apply drugs directly to sites on the skin
#Optimal particle size for anticancer nanomedicines discovered Nanomedicines consisting of nanoparticles for targeted drug delivery to specific tissues
There has been a major push recently in the field to miniaturize nanoparticle size using novel chemistry
and retention the researchers developed a mathematical model of the spatiotemporal distribution of nanoparticles within a spherically symmetric tumor.
and Chinese researchers show how a unique nano-alloy composed of palladium nano-islands embedded in tungsten nanoparticles creates a new type of catalysts for highly efficient oxygen reduction the most important reaction in hydrogen fuel cells.
To stabilize the nanoparticles in practical applications they are anchored on ordered mesoporous carbon. The anchoring keep the nanoparticles stable over long time by hindering them from fusing together in the fuel cell tests.
The unique formation of the material is based on a synthesis method which can be performed in an ordinary kitchen microwave oven purchased at the local supermarket.
#Nanoparticles can act like liquid on the outside, crystal on the inside A surprising phenomenon has been found in metal nanoparticles:
They appear from the outside to be liquid droplets wobbling and readily changing shape while their interiors retain a perfectly stable crystal configuration.
or 1763 degrees Fahrenheit--so observation of any liquidlike behavior in its nanoparticles was unexpected quite Li says.
The use of nanoparticles in applications ranging from electronics to pharmaceuticals is a lively area of research;
while the exterior of the metal nanoparticles appears to move like a liquid only the outermost layers--one
If the nanoparticles are protected by even a vanishingly thin layer of oxide the liquidlike behavior is eliminated almost completely making stable circuits possible.
which revealed for the first time shape recovery of silver nanocrystals in the absence of dislocation...Li's interpretation of the experiments using atomistic modeling illustrates recent progress in comparing experiments
#DNA nanofoundries cast custom-shaped metal nanoparticles Researchers at the Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard university have unveiled a new method to form tiny 3d metal nanoparticles in prescribed shapes
The ability to mold inorganic nanoparticles out of materials such as gold and silver in precisely designed 3d shapes is a significant breakthrough that has the potential to advance laser technology microscopy solar cells electronics environmental testing disease
We built tiny foundries made of stiff DNA to fabricate metal nanoparticles in exact three-dimensional shapes that we digitally planned
The paper's findings describe a significant advance in DNA NANOTECHNOLOGY as well as in inorganic nanoparticle synthesis Yin said.
For the very first time a general strategy to manufacture inorganic nanoparticles with user-specified 3d shapes has been achieved to produce particles as small as 25 nanometers or less with remarkable precision (less than 5 nanometers.
The 3d inorganic nanoparticles are conceived first and meticulously planned using computer design software. Using the software the researchers design three-dimensional frameworks of the desired size
and expanded to fill all existing space within the DNA framework resulting in a cuboid nanoparticle with the same dimensions as its mold with the length width
Next researchers fabricated varied 3d polygonal shapes spheres and more ambitious structures such as a 3d Y-shaped nanoparticle and another structure comprising a cuboid shape sandwiched between two spheres proving that structurally-diverse
nanoparticles could be shaped using complex DNA mold designs. Given their unthinkably small size it may come as a surprise that stiff DNA molds are proportionally quite robust and strong able to withstand the pressures of expanding inorganic materials.
Although the team selected gold seedlings to cast their nanoparticles there is a wide range of inorganic nanoparticles that can be shaped forcibly through this process of DNA nanocasting.
A very useful property is that once cast these nanoparticles can retain the framework of the DNA mold as an outer coating enabling additional surface modification with impressive nanoscale precision.
#Plasmonic paper for detecting trace amounts of chemicals, pollutants and more Using a common laboratory filter paper decorated with gold nanoparticles,
Tian and Singamaneni created their plasmonic paper by immersing common cellulosic filter paper into a solution of gold nanoparticles.
To meet that need scientists at the U s. Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) have developed a method to fabricate nanocrystalline spinel that is 50%harder than the current spinel armor materials used in military vehicles.
With the highest reported hardness for spinel NRL's nanocrystalline spinel demonstrates that the hardness of transparent ceramics can be increased simply by reducing the grain size to 28 nanometers.
or consolidates commercial nanopowders into fully dense nanocrystalline materials. Sintering is a common method used to create large ceramic and metal components from powders.
and reposition nanoparticles very close to each other to help eliminate porosity in the sintered ceramic. NRL researchers then can exploit the increased surface potential of nanoparticles for surface energy-driven densification without coarsening.
Using this EHPS approach to create the nanocrystalline spinel the NRL research team did not observe any decline in density or fracture resistance due to residual porosity.
Other researchers have tried to make nanocrystalline spinel but they have had all problems with the final product such as a reduced density reduced fracture resistance or reduced transparency.
The reduced density in other researchers work is caused by voids that cannot be removed during processing
when you make a ceramic material nanocrystalline. However in their work the NRL researchers have shown that the fracture resistance does not change suggesting that nanocrystalline ceramics can have an equivalent toughness to microcrystalline ceramics
which is important for high window lifetimes. The Hall-Petch relationship has been used to describe the phenomenon where a material's strength
and possibly replace sapphire windows with windows made out of nanocrystalline spinel. Also harder nanocrystalline spinel windows can be made thinner and still meet the current military specifications.
This thinness translates to weight savings on the vehicle. So the NRL-developed nanocrystalline spinel brings improvements in hardness window thickness and weight and cost.
A final benefit is that the NRL-developed nanocrystalline spinel is highly transparent making it useful in UV visible and infrared optics.
The armor material used by the military needs to be transparent so that both equipment and personnel can see.
A single window that could be produced using the NRL-developed nanocrystalline spinel would be transparent across many technologically important wavelengths easing design
Then they carefully injected into the mix individual water droplets that had been infused with tiny magnetic nanoparticles.
#MIT Chemists Develop a Quantum dot Spectrometer Researchers from MIT have designed a quantum dot spectrometer that is small enough to function within a smartphone, enabling portable light analysis. Instruments that measure the properties of light,
using tiny semiconductor nanoparticles called quantum dots. Such devices could be used to diagnose diseases, especially skin conditions,
a former MIT postdoc and the lead author of a paper describing the quantum dot spectrometers in the July 2 issue of Nature.
Quantum dots, a type of nanocrystals discovered in the early 1980s, are made by combining metals such as lead
Broad spectrum The new quantum dot spectrometer deploys hundreds of quantum dot materials that each filter a specific set of wavelengths of light.
The quantum dot filters are printed into a thin film and placed on top of a photodetector such as the charge-coupled devices (CCDS) found in cellphone cameras.
The more quantum dot materials there are, the more wavelengths can be covered and the higher resolution can be obtained.
which vary greatly in their ability to damage skin. he central component of such spectrometers the quantum dot filter array is fabricated with solution-based processing and printing,
Jie Bao & Moungi G. Bawendi, colloidal quantum dot spectrometer, Nature 523,670 (02 july 2015; doi: 10.1038/nature1457 e
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