Professor Peter Waterhouse, a plant geneticist at QUT, discovered the gene in the ancient Australian native tobacco plant Nicotiana benthamiana, known as Pitjuri to indigenous Aboriginals tribes.
which for decades has been used by geneticists as a model plant upon which to test viruses and vaccines."
"By sequencing its genome and looking through historical records we have been able to determine that the original plant came from the Granites area near the Western australia and Northern territory border,
"What we found may have a big impact on future plant biotechnology research, "Dr Bally said."
"Professor Waterhouse, a molecular geneticist with QUT's Centre for Tropical Crops and Biocommodities, said scientists could use this discovery to investigate other niche
Professor Waterhouse said the team's findings also have implications for future genetic research back here On earth."
to study the genomes of seven family members. Dr Bally and Professor Waterhouse have lodged a patent on their study (Organisms with Modified Growth Characteristics and Methods of Making Them) and a research paper,
with those in materials science, to realise a biological outcome, Professor Wallace said. his paves the way for the use of more sophisticated printers to create structures with much finer resolution. 3d printing of layered brain-like structures using peptide modified gellan gum substrates
Brain-like structures were constructed using a bio-ink consisting of a novel peptide-modified biopolymer,
therefore adds further support to the concept that sleep subserves a distinct biological function of sleep
including Lohitash Karumbaiah of the University of Georgia Regenerative Bioscience Center, has developed a brain-friendly extracellular matrix environment of neuronal cells that contain very little foreign material.
and is chair of the Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical engineering at the Georgia Institute of technology and Emory University,
#How Chronic Inflammation Can Lead to Cancer Researchers discover how the immune system can create cancerous DNA mutations when fighting off infection.
the researchers unveil how one of a battery of chemical warfare agents used by the immune system to fight off infection can itself create DNA mutations that lead to cancer.
a research associate in the Department of Biological engineering at MIT, and the paper lead author.
and James Fox all professors of biological engineering at MIT had identified the presence of a lesion,
says John Essigmann, the William R. 1956) and Betsy P. Leitch Professor in Residence Professor of Chemistry, Toxicology and Biological engineering at MIT,
DNA sequencing of a developing gastrointestinal tumor revealed two types of mutation: cytosine (C) bases changing to thymine (T) bases,
the 5clc instead paired with an adenine base around 5 percent of the time a medically relevant mutation frequency, according to Essigmann.
the researchers replicated the genome containing the lesion with a variety of different types of polymerase,
and causes the same kind of mutations seen within cells, Fedeles says. hat gave us confidence that this phenomenon would in fact happen in human cells containing high levels of 5clc.
What more, the C-to-T mutation characteristic of 5clc is extremely common, and is present in more than 50 percent of mutagenic ignatures,
or patterns of DNA mutations, associated with cancerous tumors. e believe that in the context of inflammation-induced damage of DNA,
many of these C-to-T mutations may be caused by 5clc, possibly in correlation with other types of mutations as part of these mutational signatures,
says the paper provides a novel mechanistic link between chronic inflammation and cancer development. ith a combination of biochemical, genetic,
and structural biology approaches, the researchers have found that 5-chlorocytosine is intrinsically miscoding during DNA replication
and it could give rise to significant frequencies of C-to-T mutation, a type of mutation that is frequently observed in human cancers,
Wang says. Studies of tissue samples of patients suffering from inflammatory bowel disease have found significant levels of 5clc,
the researchers predict that accumulation of the lesions would increase the mutation rate of a cell up to 30-fold,
The study appears in the journal PLOS Biology. t an impressive demonstration of imaging our feelings,
explains the study lead author, William Eric Sponsel, MD, of the University of Texas at San antonio, Department of Biomedical engineering.
which have neurodegenerative biology similar to glaucoma, may also be mediated actively by the brain. ur work has illustrated that the brain will not let us lose control of the same function on both sides of the brain
The research will be published by the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, the world largest society of biomedical engineers. t will be difficult to get people with complete paralysis to walk completely independently,
and quality of life, said V. Reggie Edgerton, senior author of the research and a UCLA distinguished professor of integrative biology and physiology, neurobiology and neurosurgery.
The restoration of sensation with implanted neural arrays is one of several neurotechnology-based advances emerging from DARPA 18-month-old Biological Technologies Office,
researchers have recently been able to develop precise treatments for cancer by sequencing tumor genomes
The study, led by Muniswamy Madesh, Phd, Associate professor in the Department of Biochemistry, the Cardiovascular Research center,
which protects the body from harmful mutations and infections. However, scientists had understood not fully RIPK3 role in the immune system.
The study was published recently online ahead of print by the journal Biological Psychiatry. The molecule in question is known as a regulator of G protein signaling (RGS PROTEIN,
you could look specifically for RGS7 levels for any disabling mutation with a simple blood test,
said Gargus, director of the Center for Autism Research & Translation and professor of pediatrics and physiology & biophysics. qually exciting,
Genetic research has identified hundreds of genes that are involved, which impedes diagnosis and, ultimately, drug development. There simply may be too many targets, each with too small an effect.
and sophisticated EEG, sleep and biochemical studies are performed. This includes the sequencing of their entire genome.
Also, skin cell samples are cultured and made available to lab-based researchers for functional assays. In the area of drug discovery, scientists at the Center for Autism Research & Translation continue to probe the IP3R channel,
Floating on top of the film was made a membrane of molecules resembling those found in the membranes of biological cells.
First, it expands our knowledge of the biological role of Vitamin b12, which was understood already to help convert fat into energy,
says Catherine Drennan, a professor of chemistry and biology at MIT. The findings are detailed this week in the journal Nature.
of which exactly three are bound to the genetic material something Drennan says surprised her. hat the best part about science,
says Rowena Matthews, a professor emerita of biological chemistry at the University of Michigan, who has read the paper.
said senior author Michael Levin, Ph d.,the Vannevar bush Professor of Biology at Tufts and director of the Tufts Center for Regenerative and Developmental biology.
Like biological evolution evolutionary computation does not randomly or exhaustively test each possibility, but instead uses incremental improvement and selection to rapidly converge on a solution. he artificial intelligence system evolved a pathway that correctly explains all the existing and very puzzling data.
In addition to Levin and Lobikin, paper authors were Douglas J. Blackiston and Elizabeth Tkachenko of the Department of biology and Center for Regenerative and Developmental biology, Tufts University;
and Christopher J. Martyniuk of the Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology and Department of Physiological Sciences, UF Genetics Institute, University of Florida.
or replaced by modern techniques that give the physician an indication of the elasticity of a biological tissue.
The researchers are now attempting to block fibrinogen using biological and small-molecule approaches as potential new therapies to suppress autoimmunity directed against the brain,
Associate professor in the Department of Organismal biology and Anatomy at the University of Chicago and senior author of the study. ow we understand the nuts and bolts of stimulation,
#Gel scaffold paves way for 3d printing of biological organs To improve 3d printing, simply add gel.
if wee ever to print the biological structures that make up organs, blood vessels and other tissue.
or osteogenesis imperfecta, is caused by mutations in the gene for making collagen a tough, flexible material that strengthens bone.
It will then gradually expand its scope to include biology, physics and the remaining hard sciences, learning from how users interact with software as it goes. e have very specific goals along the way for semantic intensity how deep into a paper our system can get to see what it about,
#Octopus Genome Offers Insights Into One Of Ocean's Cleverest Oddballs Scientists have sequenced just the first genome of an octopus,
"The octopus has a very large genome. It's nearly the size of the human genome,
"says Carrie Albertin, a biologist at the University of Chicago. As technology to sequence DNA has gotten faster and cheaper,
scientists have unraveled the genes of all kinds of creatures. But until now, no one had done an octopus despite their obvious appeal as one of the weirdest animals On earth.
Wednesday, in the journal Nature, they report on the genetic code of Octopus bimaculoides aka the California two-spot octopus.
For example, scientists had thought the octopus genome got so big because at some point the whole genome just copied itself.
But no, says Albertin.""As we started to dig into the data, we were seeing more and more signs that there was no duplication."
"We were surprised really as we were poking through the octopus genome to see that there were just 150 or 160 of these genes,
because scientists are busy working on those genomes too g
#Genetically Modified Yeast Yields Narcotics, Raises Regulation Questions When bioengineer Christina Smolke started her own research lab,
she was only 29-years-old. But that didn't stop her from setting colossal goals.
what many considered to be a holy grail in bioengineering: yeast that can literally brew narcotic drugs.
When bioengineer Christina Smolke started her own research lab, she was only 29-years-old.
what many considered to be a holy grail in bioengineering: yeast that can literally brew narcotic drugs.
#Single molecule detector reveals biomolecule secrets Supersensitive detection systems are an important element of today's life sciences.
and determining the amount of biomolecules, in order to be able to diagnose diseases earlier, to find new active ingredients faster and more reliably,
but it can also generate a wide range of information about the type and behavior of the marked biomolecules.
#Color-Changing Substance Detects Biological, Mechanical Problems CAMBRIDGE, Mass. Sept. 9, 2015 Responsive to a range of stimuli, a color-changing metallic substance could help detect problems as varied as mechanical strain and pollution.
In this way the material could be used to detect chemical or biological compounds as well as mechanical and thermal conditions."
Researchers at the Salk Institute for Biological Studies used a fluorescent tag that could be added to multiple neurons
"said Samuel Pfaff, a professor in Salk's Gene expression Laboratory.""These are just raw signals you can see through the eyepiece of a microscope.
The adhesive was developed in the lab of Dr. Jeff Karp, a bioengineer at Brigham and Women's Hospital.
The british researchers will present their findings this week at an annual microbiology conference held in the United kingdom. Christina Lee,
and inserted particular mutations in the bacteria DNA to make the enzyme even more powerful. After cultivating the bacteria over five generations,
U s. Will not Fund Embryo Editing Thanks to new genetic engineering techniques, we can edit DNA with more precision than ever before.
In response, Francis Collins, the director of the National institutes of health (and leader of the U s. effort to sequence the human genome),
and a current lack of compelling medical applications justifying the use of/genetic engineering in embryos.""The NIH's stance is not particularly surprising,
and the editing process can cause damage to the entire genome. The NIH's stance means those safety problems won't be solved on the U s s dime
Published in Bioinspiration & Biomimetics, the study is an attempt to understand and then mimic how insects are able to fly safely.
which is titled"Self-Fueled Biomimetic Liquid Metal Mollusk, "including the insertion of the aluminum"fuel"(b)
the researchers uncovered the genetic code for the proteins that allow the teeth to heal themselves when broken.
the researchers uncovered the genetic code for the proteins that allow the teeth to heal themselves when broken.
The agency newest research department, the Biological Technologies Office, is trying to make them better,
the enzyme used in the CRISPR/Cas9 genome-editing technique, employed on a stand of DNA.
Some argue that editing the human genome could have unintended consequences that could be passed down to future generations,
a group of European researchers were able to store information in DNA, our genetic material. The promise of this discovery was huge.
or identifying the components of genetic material, is getting dramatically cheaper. For example, you can have the 3 billion bases in your own DNA sequenced for as little as $1000.
Because DNA is always present in a variety of biological environments the idea of a personal DNA hard drive within the body may also be possible.
This in itself is a perfect biological version of what we currently do today with computers.
or on them it seems there certainly would be room to put your social security number in the genome of some bacteria or virus. However,
There also another reason why this personalized biological hard drive may not be the best option. We do not yet have the technology to read it.
if you did manage to incorporate your personal information into the HPV genome (you couldn't add much-the genome is very small) remember using today technology the DNA has to be extracted,
Yet while the biological aspects may be suited perfectly for a variety of applications the economic and logistic hurdles suggest we should only focus on a few aspirations.
a biotechnologist who has helped developed stem cell-based treatments for ischemic diseases. The Hoope idea originated from a NASA camp where Damel team bested 80 other scientists in developing an impactful product.
but for the Univ. of Cincinnati (UC)' s Yoonjee Park, assistant professor in the College of Engineering and Applied science biomedical engineering professor, these words are central to every conversation relating to her cutting edge research on drug delivery vehicles.
#Gene on-off switch works like backpack strap A research team based in Houston Texas Medical center has found that the proteins that turn genes on by forming loops in human chromosomes work like the sliding plastic adjusters on a grade-schooler backpack.
and allow researchers to reprogram cells by directly modifying the loops in genomes. The study,
is by the same team that published the first high-resolution 3-D maps showing how the human genome folds inside the nucleus of a cell.
Every human cell contains a genome, a linear string of DNA. Sequences of DNA bases spell out genes,
and coming into contact during genome folding. Last year, the team showed that it was possible to map the positions of these loops,
and the researchers created the first atlas of loops in the human genome. But the group couldn explain how the loops were forming. or months
said senior author Erez Lieberman Aiden, a geneticist and computer scientist with joint appointments at Baylor and Rice. hen one day,
The human genome contains more than 20,000 genes. In any given cell, only a fraction of these are active,
Aiden, who is also a senior investigator at Rice Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, said the researchers found that a set of proteins acts like the plastic slider,
Aiden, assistant professor of genetics at Baylor and of computer science and computational and applied mathematics at Rice, said Sanborn
and high-performance computation to predict how a genome will fold. The team confirmed their predictions by making tiny modifications in a cell genome
and showing that the mutations changed the folding pattern exactly as expected. Rao likened the result to a new form of genome surgery:
a procedure that can modify how a genome is folded by design and with extraordinary precision. e found that changing even one letter in the genetic code was enough to modify the folding of millions of other letters,
said Rao, a graduate student in the Aiden lab and at Stanford university. hat was stunning was that once we understood how the loops were forming,
the results of these changes became extremely predictable. Sanborn said the discovery also explains a puzzling pattern that the team noticed
when it published its original atlas of loops. NA encodes information and you can think of each DNA base pair as a letter and of certain sequences of letters as words,
and the genome is flexible at that scale, said Sanborn. f I were a protein,
The basic idea is that the tri-glide protein complex lands on the genome and pulls the strand from each side so that a loop forms in the middle just like the loop someone might make
Aiden said that one of the most astonishing implications of the new model is that loops on different chromosomes tend not to become entangled. n the old model,
when two bits of the genome wiggled around and then met inside the cell nucleus, Aiden said. ut this process would lead to interweaving loops and highly entangled chromosomes.
This is a big problem if you need those chromosomes to separate again when the cell divides. he tri-glide takes care of that,
he said. ven in a big pile of backpacks, you can use your tri-glide to make a loop without any risk of entanglement. u
or sample preparation,"said Tomasz Tkaczyk, associate professor, Dept. of Bioengineering, Rice Univ.,Houston, Texas."Many systems which work for point-of-care applications have quite expensive cartridges.
"Tkaczyk's co-authors on this research included Rebecca Richards-Kortum, Fellow of The Optical Society and a professor in Rice's Department of Bioengineering.
Nanotechnology, Biology and Medicine. While current HIV treatments involve pills that are taken daily, the new regimens'long-lasting effects suggest that HIV treatment could be administered perhaps once or twice per year.
Rice chemist Jeffrey Hartgerink, lead author Vivek Kumar and their colleagues reported their discovery in ACS Biomaterials Science and Engineering.
#CRISPR brings precise control to gene expression Researchers have demonstrated the exceptional specificity of a new way to switch sequences of the human genome on
or off without editing the underlying genetic code. Originally discovered as an antiviral system in bacteria,
CRISPR/Cas9 is one of the hottest topics in genetic research today. By engineering a version of that system,
they inactivated the cutting function of Cas9 and attached proteins that control the packaging of the genome.
By unraveling or tightly bundling these regions of the genome, they could effectively turn them on and off.
associate professor of biomedical engineering at Duke Univ."Many labs across the world are using these tools on the assumption that they're getting specific effects,
These experiments show exceptional specificity, demonstrating that the technology is capable of targeting single sequences of the genome."
"The power to control the genome's switches would be especially important for studying and potentially treating human diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative conditions and diabetes,
which can be driven by mutations in control regions of the genome. The hope is that overriding one of these switches could uncover
This presents problems for gene therapy treatments and fundamental science projects where researchers want to alter the function of specific genes without causing unintended side effects.
if you're focusing on one concentrated area in the genome. But looking at how turning off one enhancer switch affects the activity
and structure of the whole genome requires more specialized techniques.""Gersbach turned to Reddy and colleague Gregory Crawford,
Reddy has focused his career on investigating how gene switches work across the human genome, how those switches differ between individuals and the implications of these insights for human traits and diseases.
Crawford, associate professor of pediatrics, has spent more than a decade developing techniques to identify control regions across the genome
change the activity of many switches across the genome simultaneously, creating thousands of off-target effects,
"By integrating genomics and genome engineering, we have developed a method to comprehensively interrogate how this genetic silencing system works
a team of bioengineers at Rice Univ. and surgeons at the Univ. of Pennsylvania have created an implant with an intricate network of blood vessels that points toward a future of growing replacement tissues and organs for transplantation.
The new study was performed by a research team led by Jordan Miller, assistant professor of bioengineering at Rice,
Bioengineering graduate student Samantha Paulsen and research technician Anderson Ta worked together to develop a proof-of-concept construct small silicone gel about the size of a small candy gummy bearsing 3
a program director in NSF Division of Environmental Biology, said, abitat fragmentation has large effects,
A conventional approach to diagnosing this cancer would be to look for genetic modification of the receptor
and found that the"Akt pathway"could be activated without genetic modifications. Two proteins; Plc? 1 (pronounced"plc-gamma-1")and Grb2 (pronounced"grab-2),
Lead author Professor John Ladbury, Dean of the University of Leeds'Faculty of Biological sciences and Professor of Mechanistic Biology, said,
"There has been huge investment in sequencing the human genome with the idea that if we get all the relevant genetic information we can predict
whether you have a predisposition to cancer and, ultimately, use a precision medicine-based approach to develop a therapeutic approach.
"Dr Zahra Timsah, University Academic Fellow at the University of Leeds'School of Molecular and Cellular biology, who was the lead researcher on the study,
Measuring the levels of the proteins in patient tissues followed by database analysis of clinical information from The Cancer Genome Atlas
The researchers found that a specific genetic mutation in the M1t1 strep clone controls the shift to this invasive form a property
said lead author Mark Walker, Ph d. a Professor of Biological sciences at the University of Wollongong. n the case of the invasive strep clone,
The same genetic mutation that allows the strep bacteria to acquire plasminogen and activate it throughout the body also increases production of the bacteriophage-encoded enzyme that blocks neutrophil killing.
they apply a natural selective pressure favoring the genetic mutation. he mutation allows the bacteria not only to survive neutrophil killing,
the M1t1 strep strain lost its ability to undergo the dangerous mutation and could no longer spread to produce severe infection.
also failed to undergo the mutation to produce serious disease. The collaborative study was initiated during Prof.
#Spontaneous Rare Mutations Cause Half Of Autism Researchers are saying a new analysis of data on the genetics of autism spectrum disorder disputes a commonly held belief that autism results from the chance combinations
of commonly occurring gene mutations, which are otherwise harmless. They find, instead, further evidence to suggest that devastating"ultra-rare"mutations of genes that they classify as"vulnerable"play a causal role in roughly half of all autism spectrum disorder cases.
The vulnerable genes to which they refer harbor what they call an LGD, or likely gene-disruption.
These LGD mutations can occur"spontaneously"between generations and when that happens they are found in the affected child
whose first author is the quantitative biologist Ivan Iossifov, a Cold Spring Harbotr Laboratory assistant professor and on faculty at the New york Genome Center, finds that"autism genes"-i e.,
, those that, when mutated, may contribute to an ASD diagnosis-tend to have fewer mutations than most genes in the human gene pool.
This seems paradoxical but only on the surface. Iossifov explains that genes with devastating de novo LGD mutations,
when they occur in a child and give rise to autism, usually don't remain in the gene pool for more than one generation before they are,
When parents carry potentially devastating LGD mutations, these are more frequently found in the ASD-affected children than in their unaffected children,
They predicted that unaffected mothers are"carriers"of devastating mutations that are transmitted preferentially to children affected with severe ASD.
Females have unexplained an as yet factor that protects them from mutations which, when they occur in males,
said the study's senior author, Matthew Bogyo, Phd, professor of pathology and of microbiology and immunology at Stanford university School of medicine.
and possibly many more, harbor C. difficile in their gut, said study co-author Justin Sonnenburg, Phd, professor of microbiology and immunology,
including a number of compounds with known biological activity. Bogyo and his associates focused on a compound called ebselen because,
However, the new production process for such complex biomimetic materials also has other potential applications.
#Rare Variant Discovered Through Deep Whole-genome Sequencing Of 1, 070 Japanese People A research group at Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization (Tommo) has constructed successfully a Japanese population reference panel (1kjpn), from the genome information of 1,
070 individuals who had participated in the cohort studies*1 of the Tohoku Medical Megabank Project.
The 1kjpn was effective for imputing genotypes of the Japanese population genome wide. The data demonstrates the value of high-coverage sequencing for constructing population-specific variant panels,
and Andre Berndt, a postdoctoral scholar in bioengineering, were the lead authors on the Science paper.
and the bottom layer acts as the circuit to transport electrical signals and translate them into biochemical stimuli compatible with nerve cells.
Finally the team had to prove that the electronic signal could be recognized by a biological neuron.
a fellow professor of bioengineering at Stanford who pioneered a field that combines genetics and optics, called optogenetics.
Researchers bioengineer cells to make them sensitive to specific frequencies of light, then use light pulses to switch cells,
Optogenetics was used only as an experimental proof of concept, Bao said, and other methods of stimulating nerves are likely to be used in real prosthetic devices.
There are six types of biological sensing mechanisms in the human hand and the experiment described in Science reports success in just one of them.
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