cellular, and developmental biology at CU-Boulder. Apoptosis is a natural process that kills billions of cells in a typical human body each day.
well-known genome and short life span of just a few days.""This makes drug screening much easier,
Jerry W. Shay, Ph d.,professor and vice chairman of cell biology at UT Southwestern, and colleague, Woodring E. Wright, M d.,Ph d.,professor of cell biology and internal medicine, found that 6-thio-2'-deoxyguanosine could stop the growth of cancer cells in culture and decrease the growth of tumors in mice.
Drs. Shay and Wright are co-senior authors of the study nduction of Telomere Dysfunction Mediated by the Telomerase Substrate Precursor 6-Thio-2deoxyguanosineappearing in Cancer Discovery. reatment with 6-thio
wrote the investigators. n A549 lung cancer cellased mouse xenograft studies, 6-thio-dg caused a decrease in the tumor growth rate superior to that observed with 6-thioguanine treatment.
because cells in any one tumor have chromosomes with different telomere lengths and any one cell's telomeres must be shortened critically to induce death. 6-thiodg is used preferentially as a substrate by telomerase
#Ultra-Fast Software Developed to Scan the Human genome Researchers at Nationwide Children's Hospital say they have developed an analysis pipeline that cuts the time it takes to search a person's genome for disease-causing variations from weeks to hours.
an ultra-fast, deterministic, highly scalable and balanced parallelization strategy for the discovery of human genetic variation in clinical and population-scale genomics appears in Genome Biology."
and $3 billion to sequence the first human genome,"notes Peter White, Ph d.,principal investigator and director of the biomedical genomics core at Nationwide Children's and the study's senior author."
After a genome is sequenced, scientists are left with billions of data points to analyze before any truly useful information can be gleaned for use in research and clinical settings."
Churchill allows efficient analysis of a whole genome sample in as little as 90 minutes, explains Dr. White."
Churchill allows computationally efficient analysis of a high-depth whole genome sample in less than two hours,
000 Genomes raw sequence dataset in a week using cloud resources
#Inflamed Brain Is depressed a Brain Researchers at the Centre for Addiction and Mental health (CAMH) in Toronto have found a possible link between inflammation in the brain and clinical depression.
Marc Lecuit, M d.,Ph d.,Head of the Biology of Infections Unit at the Pasteur institute and senior author on the study,
has revealed several genetic mutations that may trigger the development of testicular cancer, in addition to uncovering a gene that may aid tumors in promoting resistance to existing drug therapies.
They report previously unidentified chromosome duplications and confirmed data from earlier findings that associated these tumors with the KIT gene,
says Clare Turnbull, Ph d.,senior author and team leader in predisposition and translational genetics at ICR.
Their preliminary finding of a link between XRCC2 and platinum drug resistance was validated once they sequenced a sample from an additional platinum-resistant tumor. e have identified new potential driver mutations for this type of cancer
and provided new evidence of a link between mutations in the gene XRCC2 and platinum treatment-resistant tumours.
director of the center at Newcastle University. his novel approach would allow women who carry these mutations greater reproductive choice. e
and the Biotechnology industry Organization (BIO) ignaled support for sharing clinical trial data beyond recent industry norms,
"Dr. Toner and his colleagues anticipate that the Cluster-Chip will have an increasingly important role in stimulating new research on CTC cluster biology,
and to develop even better technologies to understand their biology in cancer metastasis. t
#Inexpensive Technique Developed to Manufacture Nanofibers Scientists at the University of Georgia say they have developed an inexpensive way to manufacture nanofibers,
published in Nature Genetics, could have implications for the development of new methods of pain relief.
Using detailed genome mapping two teams of researchers collaborated to analyze the genetic make-up of 11 families across Europe
Most often the majority of prostate cancer is thought of as an organ-confined disease with little genetic variation.
"The findings from this study were published recently in Nature Genetics through an article entitled patial genomic heterogeneity within localized, multifocal prostate cancer.
From this group, whole genome sequencing was performed on samples from five patients whose prostates were removed surgically.
"This discovery of a new prostate cancer-causing gene gives researchers a new avenue to explore the biology of the disease
"By showing that mutations in prostate cancer vary spatially in different regions of a tumor,
"Interestingly, the researchers determined that half of all prostate patients have either C-MYC or LMYC mutations,
the company immediately added Abbvie Viekira Pak to its National Preferred Formulary as the exclusive option for patients with genotype 1 hepatitis Cust three days after the FDA approved the drug.
Express Scriptsindependent Pharmacy & Therapeutics Committee concluded that Viekira Pak was at least clinically equivalent to two Gilead sciences drugs, Harvoni (ledipasvir and sofosbuvir) and Sovaldi (sofosbuvir.
and only covers Sovaldi for non-genotype 1 hepatitis C. ur clients will save more than $1 billion this year on hepatitis C medications,
Representatives of two other top-selling cancer drug developers, Celgene and Amgen, at deadline had responded not to GEN queries on indication pricing
If a mutation occurs in one of them, the person develops the disease. Scientists introduced a mutated human gene (TDP-43 or FUS) into C. elegans.
noted Veriepe. orms with an immune deficit resulting from the tir-1 gene's mutation were in better health
thus streamlining a challenging step in the biologics manufacturing process within a small operating footprint. The technology will complement Pall's STAXTM depth filtration products to enable continuous clarification of cell culture, enabling integration of the bioreactor with downstream processing
according to Michael Egholm, president of Pall Biopharmaceuticals. The AWS technology works by applying acoustic forces across a flow channel to generate a three-dimensional standing wave.
When a cell culture passes through the flow channel, the cells are trapped at the nodes of the acoustic waves
"This approach helps to bridge the critical gap between bioreactor and the downstream processing train,"points out Egholm."
and GMP scale to match pilot and production bioreactor volumes, with predictable and reproducible performance over a wide range of cell densities. e
"15-PDGH is a key enzyme responsible for the biological inactivation of a group of signaling molecules, called eicosanoids,
"explained co-author Dr. Joseph Ready, Ph d.,professor of biochemistry and member of the Simmons Cancer Center at UT Southwestern Medical center.
#Novel Epigenetic Technique Opens Door to Combatting Virulent Strains of Bacteria Researchers from the Icahn School of medicine at Mount sinai say they have developed a novel method to more precisely analyze bacterial populations
and reveal epigenetic mechanisms that can drive virulence. The new technique holds the promise of a potent new tool to offset the growing challenge of antibiotic resistance by bacterial pathogens, according to the team.
The study (ingle molecule-level detection and long read-based phasing of epigenetic variations in bacterial methylomes appears in Nature Communications,
Beyond their participation in host defense, increasing evidence suggests that these modifications also play important roles in the regulation of gene expression, virulence,
existing methods for studying bacterial methylomes rely on a population-level consensus that lack the single-cell resolution required to observe epigenetic heterogeneity. e created a technique for the detection
We found that a typical clonal bacterial population that would otherwise be considered homogeneous using conventional techniques has epigenetically distinct subpopulations with different gene expression patterns"said Gang Fang, Ph d,
. assistant professor of genetics and genomics at the Icahn School of medicine at Mount sinai and senior author of the study. iven that phenotypic heterogeneity within a bacterial population can increase its advantage of survival under stress conditions such as antibiotic treatment,
as it enables de novo detection and characterization of epigenetic heterogeneity in a bacterial population.
demonstrating the new technique reveals distinct types of epigenetic heterogeneity. For Helicobacter pylori, a pathogenic bacterium that colonizes over 40%of the world population
the team discovered that epigenetic heterogeneity can quickly emerge as a single cell divides, and different subpopulations with distinct methylation patterns have distinct gene expressions patterns.
This may have contributed to the increasing rate of antibiotic resistance of H. pylori. he application of this new technique will enable a more comprehensive characterization of the functions of DNA methylation and their impact on bacterial physiology.
both of which present significant epigenetic heterogeneity. c
#Novel Tissue Scaffold Technique Marks Milestone in Regenerative medicine Researchers say they have developed a new tissue scaffold technology that could one day enable the engineering of large organs.
and paint the cells without affecting their biological function, said Adam Perriman, Ph d.,from the University of Bristol school of cellular and molecular medicine."
but also for other tissue such as cardiac muscle or bone, according to the University of Liverpool Anthony Hollander, Ph d.,head of integrative biology."
and paint the cells without affecting their biological function, said Adam Perriman, Ph d.,from the University of Bristol school of cellular and molecular medicine."
but also for other tissue such as cardiac muscle or bone, according to the University of Liverpool Anthony Hollander, Ph d.,head of integrative biology."
and gene therapies to prevent drug relapses, "explains Dr. Dietz.""If we can control this pathway,
. Purdue's Walther Professor of Cancer Structural biology and professor of biological sciences and chemistry who leads the research team."
Implications for nsp5 regulation and the development of antivirals, June 8 in the Journal of Biological Chemistry.
"said Reuben Shaw, a senior author of the paper, professor in the Molecular and Cell biology Laboratory at the Salk Institute and a Howard hughes medical institute Early Career Scientist."
when we combined Reuben's deep understanding of the fundamental biology of autophagy with our chemical expertise,"says Cosford."
"Our study has great biological and medical significance, particularly in light of the huge disease burden of malaria,"explained senior author Manoj Duraisingh, Ph d.,professor of Immunology and Infectious diseases at the T. H. Chan School of Public health."
"In addition to a possible drug target, calcineurin underlies a very basic aspect of parasite biology. l
Unlike recent advances in personalized medicine that focus on specific genetic mutations associated with different types of cancer,
In a paper (ell-cell communication in yeast using auxin biosynthesis and auxin responsive CRISPR transcription factors published in the American Chemical Society's ACS Synthetic biology journal,
the researchers describe a novel cell-to-cell communication system that enables one yeast cell to regulate the expression of genes and influence the behavior of an entirely separate yeast cell.
"said senior author Eric Klavins, Ph d.,a UW associate professor of electrical engineering and of bioengineering. It might also enable engineered yeast to perform complicated behaviors that coordinated multicellular systems such as our immune system can accomplish,
though, the team spearheaded by lead authors Arjun Khakhar, a UW doctoral student in bioengineering, and Nicholas J. Bolten, a UW doctoral student in electrical engineering, simply wanted to see
'"Synthetic biologists, who assemble genetic parts in new ways with the goal of popping them into an organism to produce reliable behaviors,
With co-author and UW associate biology professor Jennifer Nemhauser, Ph d, . the UW team figured out how to make a sender yeast cell produce auxin,
making auxin a potentially useful tool in designing gene therapies or other applications without adverse reactions in humans.
#Epigenetics Opens Potential Pathway to Treating Glioblastoma Scientists at the University of California, San diego School of medicine and Moores Cancer Center led an international team that discovered that cancer stem cell properties are determined by epigenetic changes.
The study, which was carried out on human tumor samples and mouse models, is published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
This epigenetic activity helps explain how glioblastoma can resist treatment. In addition drugs that modify LSD1 levels could provide a new approach to treating glioblastoma, according to the researchers.
This observation suggested that epigenetics, rather than specific DNA sequences, determines tumorigenicity in glioblastoma cancer stem cells."
and non-tumorigenic states in glioblastoma that are determined by epigenetic regulation, "said senior author Clark Chen, M d.,Ph d,
Probing further, Dr. Chen's team discovered that the epigenetic factor determining whether or not glioblastoma cells can proliferate indefinitely as cancer stem cells is their relative abundance of LSD1,
"Dr. Chen and one of the study's first authors, Jie Li, Ph d.,note that the epigenetic changes driving glioblastoma are similar to those that take place during normal human development."
epigenetic changes help make a liver cell different from a brain cell, "said Dr. Li, an assistant project scientist in Chen's lab."Our results indicate that the same programming processes determine
#DNA"Spare tire"Gets Genome on Road to Repair Certain parts of the genome that are especially vulnerable to damage nonetheless contribute to a crucial,
How does the genome keep rolling along? It not calling AAA. According to scientists at the University of Utah and the University of Vermont, DNA contains an extra set of guanines,
In fact, this spare can help the genome steer clear of cancer. Various kinds of damage can happen to DNA,
One common way that our genetic material can be harmed is from a phenomenon called oxidative stress.
The Utah and Vermont researchers hypothesized that genome instability due to damaged G was counteracted somehow. They scanned the sequences of known human oncogenes associated with cancer,
and repair of oxidized bases in promoter regions may constitute an additional example of epigenetic modification, in this case of guanine bases,
to regulate gene expression in which the G4 sequences act as sensors of oxidative stress e
#New Cell Structure Finding Might Lead to Novel Cancer Therapies University of Warwick scientists in the U k. say they have discovered a cell structure
such as those of the breast and bladder, according to Stephen Royle, Ph d.,team leader and associate professor and senior Cancer Research UK Fellow at the division of biomedical cell biology at Warwick Medical school."
"As a cell biologist you dream of finding a new structure in cells but it's so unlikely.
A cell needs to share chromosomes accurately when it divides otherwise the two new cells can end up with the wrong number of chromosomes (aneuploidy)
which has been linked to a range of tumors in different body organs. The mitotic spindle is responsible for sharing the chromosomes
and the researchers at the university believe that the mesh is needed to give structural support.
and cells had trouble sharing chromosomes during division. According to Emma Smith, Ph d.,from Cancer Research UK, his early research provides the first glimpse of a structure that helps share out a cell's chromosomes correctly
when it divides, and it might be a crucial insight into why this process becomes faulty in cancer
which appears in Biomaterials, say their dissolvable patch could make vaccination easier, safer, and less painful.
Additionally, 14-3-3s demonstrated a suppressive effect on cancer glycolysis, mitochondrial biogenesis, as well as a range of other major metabolic processes of tumors."
and metabolic gene expression in breast cancer patients,"explained Dr. Lee.""These results highlight that 14-3-3s is an important regulator of tumor metabolism,
In plants as in animals and humans, intricate molecular networks regulate important biological functions, such as development and stress responses.
which is linked to several vital biological functions in humans. The team study (tructural basis for recognition of diverse transcriptional repressors by the TOPLESS family of corepressors appears in Science Advances."
both on its own and when linked with other molecules responsible for turning genes off, thereby regulating gene expression.
#Biopharma Demand Is Driving the Cell Culture Market The production of biologic therapies such as vaccines, blood factors,
but accelerating, a phenomenon that is reflected in the timing of biopharmaceutical product launches: Since the first biopharmaceutical drug Humulin was launched in 1982 to the beginning of this decade (between 1982 and 2009 27 year period),
there were 117 biopharmaceutical approvals. That an impressive number, but there have been 67 approvals between 2010 and 2014 four year period.
Roughly speaking, biopharmaceutical product launches increased from around 4 to nearly 17 approvals per year. Biopharmaceutical production is increasing not only through the introduction of novel therapeutics,
but also through the introduction of biosimilars or generic biopharmaceuticals, which can be manufactured by several companies.
The market for cell cultures is expected to grow rapidly alongside biopharmaceuticals and with significant evolution in culture technology.
Cell Line Trends Many biopharmaceuticals are produced by bacteria especially the species Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis. E coli has been studied in microbiology laboratories for many years
and was the first organism to have its entire genome mapped. It is inexpensive to cultivate,
it replicates quickly, and it serves as a good model organismhat is, it provides an example of how other similar life forms will behaveuch as how they grow
and reproduce, and what makes them deteriorate or die. Bacterial culture is the workhorse of the biotechnology industry.
Animal cells are much more fragile than yeast and bacterial cells. They are often much larger than microorganisms
and live in a collective as part of organs or tissues within complex anatomical systems. Animal cells are held together by a delicate membrane
The rising stakes and production levels of companies active in biopharmaceuticals have dictated improved reproducibility or consistency in product;
The biopharmaceutical industry shift away from animal-derived culture products is expected to continue, particularly given the ascension of mammalian cell lines in biopharmaceutical production.
Serum-free media is the more complex composition designed for universal use in culturing mammalian cell lines.
Working and Master Cell Banks Once a biopharmaceutical company obtains a beginning cell bank from a cell culture collection,
Genetic engineering may also be used to alter an animal cell line preferred growing conditions. For example, an animal cell line that naturally prefers to grow attached to a surface can be adapted to grow suspended in liquid,
The performance of a fermentor or bioreactor is governed by thermodynamics (such as the solubility of oxygen in the medium), microkinetics (such as cell growth and product formation),
in particular single-use disposable production systems, are dramatically lowering building costs of biomanufacturing plants. In the near term
In the longer term, biomanufacturing expansion will extend into South america, Eastern europe, and Africa. Market Drivers An important driver of the cell culture market is the production of seasonal influenza vaccines,
The engineered ribosome may enable the production of new drugs and next-generation biomaterials and lead to a better understanding of how ribosomes function, according to the researchers.
The artificial ribosome, called Ribo-T, was created in the laboratories of Alexander Mankin, Ph d.,director of the UIC College of Pharmacy's Center for Biomolecular Sciences
and Northwestern's Michael Jewett, Ph d.,assistant professor of chemical and biological engineering. The human-made ribosome may be able to be manipulated in the laboratory to do things natural ribosomes cannot do.
and perhaps one day even non-biological polymers, point out Dr. Mankin.""We felt like there was a very small chance Ribo-T could work,
"Our new protein-making factory holds promise to expand the genetic code in a unique and transformative way, providing exciting opportunities for synthetic biology and biomolecular engineering."
#Merck-Newlink Genetics Ebola Vaccine Shows 100%Efficacy in Phase III Trial Merck & co. and Newlink Genetics said today that a single dose of their Ebola vaccine candidate rvsv
and licensed to Newlink Genetics. To produce the vaccine, the vesicular stomatitis virus was weakened by removing a gene
during the West Africa outbreak of Ebola, Merck licensed exclusive rights to rvsv-ZEBOV from Newlink Genetics.
In February, Newlink Genetics said it received $20 million from Merck for achieving a key clinical development milestone.
Joining Merck, Newlink Genetics, and the Public health Agency of Canada in helping conduct the studies have been NIH and its National Institute of Allergy and Infectious diseases,
Newlink Genetics released interim results on rvsv-ZEBOV the same day it disclosed its latest quarterly results.
#PCR Makes the Jump to Light speed The amplification of minute amounts of genetic material is the cornerstone of every molecular biology laboratory
Now, bioengineers at the University of California, Berkeley have developed new technology they believe will dramatically increase heating and cooling speeds with the switch of a light."
senior author Luke Lee Ph d.,professor of bioengineering at UCLA, Berkeley.""It is done usually in a lab
#Breakthrough bionic leg prosthesis controlled by subconscious thoughts Biomedical engineering company Össur has announced the successful development of a thought controlled bionic prosthetic leg.
whose genetic errors give rise to weaker defences against infections. The result is engineered a genetically virus with the ability to grow in cancer cells and blow them up from the inside.
and has understood a well genome that maps well to ours. It's also very small at around 2. 5 mm in length
when my biology classmate inhaled a little too much ether while mouth-pipetting. Using a beam of IR light invisible to the fly,
Associate professor of biology Mark Schnitzer and his team were even able to perform behavioral studies with the robot,
In this way, the fluidic computer may find applications in such areas as biology, chemistry, and other physical sciences and technology that use processes more akin to the properties of organization found in nature."
its design took out second place at the Venturewell BMEIDEA national design contest earlier this month as well as first place in the People's Choice Award at Johns Hopkins'Biomedical engineering Design Day 2015.
Bioengineers at Brigham and Women's Hospital (BHW) in Boston say they have overcome this problem by creating a hydrogel that becomes stronger only once it is exposed to light.
"says Nasim Annabi, PHD at BHW's Biomedical engineering Division.""In addition, the material can be used as a sealant,
a tool that could be used for biomolecular tests such as pregnancy or diabetes monitoring. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) is a process where a stream of light is directed onto a metallic film, with most,
along with the presence of certain trace gases and biomolecules. This has seen SPR commonly used in biosensing,
The findings were published in the journal Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) Transactions on Biomedical engineering.
and drugs when triggered remotely The field of optogenetics where individual brains cells are made to behave differently
and demonstrated an implantable, cellular-scale microfluidic and micro-optical interface to biology, with application opportunities not only in the brain but in other parts of the nervous system and other organs as well,"says the study co-author John Rogers,
there is much variation in the cells with some presenting mutations and others appearing normal and healthy.
The team's latest research into Barrett's oesophagus and oesophageal cancer was published in the journal Nature Genetics.
said study author Dr Xianbiao Wang. e hope our work provides inspiration for more research into the development of materials that mimic biological organisms. r
opening the door much wider for printing biomolecules. The breakthrough comes courtesy of a purified silk protein called fibroin
to test the ability of the ink to carry small functional biomolecules. In addition to bio-sensing gloves that could react selectively to different pathological agents,
and a Biotechnology and Biological sciences Research Council award, was published in the Science Translational Medicine journal in April.
This performance gap between software and wetware persists despite some correspondence between the architecture of the leading machine learning algorithms and their biological counterparts in the brain,
according to the request, such that dedicated exascale funding at the four DOE crosscuts Advanced Scientific Computing Research (ASCR), Basic energy Sciences (BES), Biological and Environmental Research (BER),
A few years back while working as a postdoc in Vienna at the Institute of Molecular Biotechnology (IMBA
The scientists were trying to take the long-winding road from genetics to biology, which proved to be tedious and difficult.
Scientists can now directly study the biology of complex neurological disorders and from there nail down the responsible genes.
#New gene therapy could rewire the eye to help blind people see Scientists might be able to change the cells in blind people eyes,
Now, scientists hope that they can use gene therapy to transform nerves in the eye to replace those lost photoreceptors.
It is part of a new field called optogenetics which uses molecules from algae or other microorganisms that respond to light,
Optogenetics is a form of gene therapy and works by changing the makeup of the damaged cells.
it is not likely to cause the same kind of ethical and practical problems that blight work on other forms of gene therapy.
and this has got applications in chemistry, engineering, biology, medicine, so there's a lot of potential there and that's just for research purposes,
be loaded with biomolecules such as therapeutic drugs. They expect that this platform of 3d printed programmable release capsules will be useful in applications such as dynamic tissue engineering, 3d printed drug delivery systems, synthetic/artificial tissues, programmable matter,
Another important application area could be combinatorial screening of biomolecular gradients drugs, toxins, pollutants, etc. against cell types. ur method provides us with robust control over particle properties,
and triggered temporal release of the biomolecular payload. a
#Micron3dp Announces Breakthrough in 3d printing of Liquid, Hot Glass Israel Micron3dp has announced a breakthrough in glass 3d printing.
The first project to utilise Optalysys technology starts next month in collaboration with The Genome Analysis Centre (TGAC) to build a genetic search system called GENESYS that will perform large-scale DNA sequence searches.
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