#Droplets levitate on a cushion of blue light Arraythe floating effect is similar to Leidenfrost levitation--in
the researchers found they could ionize the gas into a plasma that glowed a soft blue light."
The blue light emission was unexpected and probably the most exciting feature of the experiment, the team said.
Scientists unveil new technique for spotting quantum dots to make high performance nanophotonic devices A quantum dot should produce one and only one photon--the smallest constituent of light--each time it is energized,
and then uses that knowledge to build optimized light-control devices in the right place."
"Dr Luca Sapienza, from the University's Quantum Light and Matter group, says:""This new technique is sort of a twist on a red-eye reducing camera flash,
Their coordinates in hand, scientists can then tell the computer-controlled electron beam lithography tool to place any structure the application calls for in its proper relation to the quantum dots,
They also demonstrated that more than 99 per cent of the light produced from their source came out as single photons.
Nevertheless, the end of carbide lamps era came with the advent of safer electric light sources.
#New optical chip lights up the race for quantum computer The microprocessor inside a computer is a single multipurpose chip that has revolutionized people's life,
Now, researchers from the University of Bristol in the UK and Nippon Telegraph and Telephone (NTT) in Japan, have pulled off the same feat for light in the quantum world by developing an optical chip that can process photons in an infinite number
and control quantum states of light and matter. A major barrier in testing new theories for quantum science and quantum computing is the time
because the world's leading quantum photonics group teamed up with Nippon Telegraph and Telephone (NTT), the world's leading telecommunications company.
Professor Jeremy O'brien, Director of the Centre for Quantum Photonics at Bristol University, explained:""Over the last decade, we have established an ecosystem for photonic quantum technologies,
and their design was done traditionally by manufacturing but now, with 3d printing, computer manufacturing and more laser technology,
"Next they dyed the sample with 14 different dyes in a narrow emission window and excited and photoswitched the molecules with one laser.
They used a robotic system developed at SSRL to study the crystals at SLAC's LCLS, an X-ray laser that is one of the brightest sources of X-rays on the planet.
55 patients with atypical moles agreed to have monitored their skin by researchers at Pisa University Hospital using a laser Doppler system.
The laser Doppler was used to record the complex interactions taking place in the minute blood vessels beneath their suspicious mole for around 30 minutes.
and the results were compared with the information obtained--noninvasively--using the laser Doppler scan. The laser Doppler signal correctly identified 100%of the patients with malignant skin.
Professor Aneta Stefanovska of Lancaster University said:""We used our knowledge of blood flow dynamics to pick up on markers
The researchers then applied cutting-edge laser techniques to the mammalian embryo (previously used in fly
By altering the tension of the cells using lasers or genetic manipulations, researchers could change which cells move inside the embryo.
and observed the generated light using an inverted microscope (see image).""The STM tip acts as a point source of surface plasmons,"Yang explains."
while still allowing light and electrons to pass through. The new complete solar fuel generation system developed by Lewis
the researchers etched micrometer scale pillars into a silicon surface using photolithography and deep reactive-ion etching,
Analyzing metabolites in a single cell Based on interactions between silicon nanopost arrays (NAPA) and laser light,
however, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry techniques suffer from matrix-associated background problems that prevent the detection of small molecules at individual cell levels.
The NAPA platform consists of an array of silicon nanoposts that exhibit enhanced electromagnetic fields upon interaction with pulses of laser radiation.
and xenobiotics in a broad class of samples, making it the foundation for matrix-free laser desorption ionization.
#Scientists'squeeze'light one particle at a time A team of scientists has measured successfully particles of light being squeezed,
It creates a very specific form of light which is"low-noise "and is potentially useful in technology designed to pick up faint signals,
The standard approach to squeezing light involves firing an intense laser beam at a material, usually a nonlinear crystal,
The theory states that the light scattered by this atom should, similarly, be squeezed. Unfortunately, although the mathematical basis for this method--known as squeezing of resonance fluorescence--was drawn up in 1981,
they were able to observe the light as it was scattered, and proved that it had indeed been squeezed.
"Typically, the more intense light gets, the higher the noise. Dim the light, and the noise goes down.
But strangely, at a very fine quantum level, the picture changes. Even in a situation where there is no light,
electromagnetic noise still exists. These are called vacuum fluctuations. While classical physics tells us that in the absence of a light source we will be in perfect darkness,
quantum mechanics tells us that there is always some of this ambient fluctuation.""If you look at a flat surface,
Even lasers, the most perfect light source known, carry this level of fluctuating noise. This is when things get stranger still,
In the Cambridge experiment, the researchers achieved this by shining a faint laser beam on to their artificial atom, the quantum dot.
By scattering faint laser light from the quantum dot the noise of part of the electromagnetic field was reduced to an extremely precise and low level, below the standard baseline of vacuum fluctuations.
Bluetooth technology uses electromagnetic radiation to transmit data, however these radio signals do not easily pass through the human body
shift work, jet lag and even the blue-tinged light emitted by cell phones and tablets. Typically, sleep researchers have a hard time studying sleep deprivation and the circadian cycle separately,
This forced their biological clocks out of sync with the light-dark cycle. After four weeks
portable device that we believe is more sensitive than the standard microscope that uses white light
physicists have developed a new type of light source that emits single photons. For the first time, the researchers have managed to create a stream of identical photons.
Alongside the brightness and robustness of the light source the indistinguishability of the photons is especially crucial.
using a carbon-dioxide laser. Although the team tried more complex designs the simplest pattern worked best.
Lamoureux patterned the Kapton with the laser cutter. The design with the very best solar-tracking promise was impossible to make at U-M
"We're good at generating electrons from light efficiently, but chemical synthesis always limited our systems in the past.
"We're good at generating electrons from light efficiently, but chemical synthesis always limited our systems in the past.
"The research was published September 14 in Nature Photonics. Today's cellular and Wi-fi networks rely on microwaves to carry voice conversations and data.
and convert the light into electric current using excited states in the material called"excitons.""Roughly speaking, an exciton is displaced a electron bound together with the hole it left behind.
the UVM team--with support from the National Science Foundation--built a scanning laser microscope,
The instrument combines a specialized form of linearly polarized light and photoluminescence to optically probe the molecular structure of the phthalocyanine crystals."
#New light shed on infertility puzzle, could improve in vitro fertilization We don't know if a sperm actually experiences joy
and Sumo2 in stem cell proviral silencing can shed new light on stem cells and virus biology that could translate into valuable therapeutic and diagnostic applications Dr Jonathan Loh,
an element used in incandescent light bulbs. As the sample was tilted 62 times, the researchers were able to slowly assemble a 3-D model of 3,
#Laser pulses for ultrahigh molecular sensitivity Researchers from the Attoscience and Ultrafast Optics Group led by ICREA Prof. at ICFO Jens Biegert,
in collaboration with the Laboratory for Attosecond Physics at the Max Planck Institute for Quantum Optics (MPQ) and the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) in Munich, have developed a worldwide unique broadband and coherent infrared light source.
The record peak brilliance of the light source makes it an ultrasensitive detector for the infrared molecular finger print region,
since the wavelength of the light can resonantly excite molecular vibrations. Consequently, shining light through a sample leaves the resonant fingerprints in the spectrum allowing identification.
The absence of light sources that cover enough of the infrared spectrum with sufficient brilliance to detect minute concentrations originating from onco-metaboloids has been the main challenge in cancer detection.
Now, ICFO researchers have collaborated with colleagues from MPQ/LMU to develop a light source which addresses this need.
Their light source exerts extreme control over mid-wave infrared laser light with unrivalled peak brilliance and single-shot spectral coverage between 6. 8 and 16.4 micron wavelength.
The emitted radiation is fully coherent and emitted 100 million times per second. Each laser pulse has a duration of 66 fs
which is so short that the electric field oscillates only twice. These characteristics, in combination with its coherence, make the light source a compact and ultrasensitive molecular detector.
Prof. Jens Biegert and his colleagues at ICFO are currently investigating molecular sensitivity for the identification of cancer biomarkers on the single cell level using all optical techniques in the mid-wave infrared wavelength range g
#Fatigue-free, stretchable conductor created Researchers have discovered a new stretchable, transparent conductor that can be folded
The new material, produced by grain boundary lithography solves that problem, he said. In addition to Ren, other researchers on the project included Chuan Fei Guo and Ching-Wu"Paul"Chu, both from UH;
The grain boundary lithography involved a bilayer lift off metallization process, which included an indium oxide mask layer and a silicon oxide sacrificial layer and offers good control over the dimensions of the mesh structure.
Heat from the top of your head radiates into space as infrared light. Now three Stanford engineers have developed a technology that improves on solar panel performance by exploiting this basic phenomenon.
the less efficient they become at converting the photons in light into useful electricity. The Stanford solution is based on a thin,
in the form of infrared light, into space. Their experiments showed that the overlay allowed visible light to pass through to the solar cells,
but that it also cooled the underlying absorber by as much as 55 degrees Fahrenheit. For a typical crystalline silicon solar cell with an efficiency of 20 percent, 55 F of cooling would improve absolute cell efficiency by over 1 percent,
perhaps using nanoprint lithography, which is a common technique for producing nanometer scale patterns.""That's not necessarily the only way,"said Raman, a co-first-author of the paper."
"That's because the perception of color requires objects to reflect visible light, so any overlay would need to be tuned transparent,
"Our photonic crystal thermal overlay optimizes use of the thermal portions of the electromagnetic spectrum without affecting visible light,
The researchers present their development in the journal Nature Photonics (10.1038/nphoton. 2015.182. Light determines the future of information and communication technology:
The change from crystalline to amorphous (storing data) and from amorphous to crystalline (erasing data) is initiated by ultrashort light pulses.
For reading out the data, weak light pulses are used. Permanent all-optical on-chip memories might considerably increase future performance of computers
or remote reconstruction, of information encoded in quantum states of matter or light. Teleportation is useful in both quantum communications and quantum computing,
"Previously, researchers thought quantum repeaters might need to rely on atoms or other matter, instead of light,
The experiments were performed at wavelengths commonly used in telecommunications. Because the experiment filtered out and focused on a limited combination of quantum states
and cause the inquirer to see a flash of light known as a"phosphene.""The phosphene--which might look like a blob,
"While the flashing lights are signals that we're putting into the brain, those parts of the brain are doing a million other things at any given time too,
and characterization of atomically thin 2d hybrid perovskites and introduces a new family of 2d solution-processed semiconductors for nanoscale optoelectronic devices, such as field effect transistors and photodetectors."
"The findings are particularly significant in the light of improving life expectancies and the associated increase in cases of ARMD.
as the scientists surrounding DESY's Franz Kärtner from the Center For free-Electron Laser Science (CFEL) point out.
as well as in building X-ray lasers. CFEL is a cooperation between DESY, the University of Hamburg and the Max Planck Society.
Particle accelerators usually rely on electromagnetic radiation from the radio frequency range; DESY's particle accelerator PETRA III, for example, uses a frequency of around 500 megahertz.
The wavelength of the terahertz radiation used in this experiment is around one thousand times shorter.""The advantage is that everything else can be a thousand times smaller too,
however it also requires significantly more powerful lasers than those needed for terahertz accelerators. The physicists underline that terahertz technology is of great interest both with regard to future linear accelerators for use in particle physics,
and as a means of building compact X-ray lasers and electron sources for use in materials research,
experimental free-electron X-ray laser (XFEL) on a laboratory scale using terahertz technology. This project is supported by a Synergy Grant of the European Research Council.
So-called free-electron lasers (FELS) generate flashes of laser light by sending high-speed electrons from a particle accelerator down an undulating path,
This is the same principle that will be used by the X-ray laser European XFEL which is currently being built by an international consortium,
even if there is significant less light in each pulse.""With these very short pulses we are hoping to gain new insights into extremely rapid chemical processes,
researchers need to make it easier to manipulate light at the nanoscale. Researchers at the Harvard John A. Paulson School of engineering and Applied sciences (SEAS) have done just that,
meaning that the phase of light can travel infinitely fast. This new metamaterial was developed in the lab of Eric Mazur, the Balkanski Professor of Physics and Applied Physics and Area Dean for Applied Physics AT SEAS,
and is described in the journal Nature Photonics.""Light doesn't typically like to be squeezed or manipulated but this metamaterial permits you to manipulate light from one chip to another, to squeeze,
bend, twist and reduce diameter of a beam from the macroscale to the nanoscale, "said Mazur."
But light has speed another, measured by how fast the crests of a wavelength move, known as phase velocity.
This speed of light increases or decreases depending on the material it's moving through. When light passes through water, for example, its phase velocity is reduced as its wavelengths get squished together.
Once it exits the water, its phase velocity increases again as its wavelength elongates. How much the crests of a light wave slow down in a material is expressed as a ratio called the refraction index--the higher the index,
the more the material interferes with the propagation of the wave crests of light. Water, for example, has a refraction index of about 1. 3
or all troughs--stretching out in infinitely long wavelengths. The crests and troughs oscillate only as a variable of time
This uniform phase allows the light to be stretched or squished, twisted or turned, without losing energy.
as incoming waves of light are effectively spread out and infinitely long, enabling even distant particles to be entangled.""
#Researchers learn how to steer the heart with light We depend on electrical waves to regulate the rhythm of our heartbeat.
Their results are published in the journal Nature Photonics on 19 october. Both cardiac cells in the heart and neurons in the brain communicate by electrical signals,
and being able to get the light to desired locations. However, as gene therapy moves into the clinic
holes or grooves--changes the way that electromagnetic radiation interacts with the surface. In some instances the geometry supports the formation of a wave of rippling electronic charges,
which also includes an LED light source, power supply, control unit, optical system, and image sensor, cost less than $3, 000 to construct.
Most optical fingerprint sensors today produce images by reflecting light from areas where the skin does not come in contact with a glass plate, a technique that captures details from only the very top layer of skin.
and works by analyzing an interference pattern created when a beam of light that travels through a biological sample,
like a finger, is recombined with a reference beam of light. Standard OCT systems gather 3d data and often require sophisticated lasers systems and light detectors,
which can get expensive. Auksorius and Boccara simplified their system by using a modified version of OCT called full-field OCT
then convert that light into an electrical charge proportional to its intensity and wavelength. In the case of our eyes, the electrical impulses transmit the image to the brain.
"In this structure--unlike other photodetectors--light absorption in an ultrathin silicon layer can be much more efficient
and improve light absorption without the need for an external amplifier.""There's a built-in capability to sense weak light,
"Ma says. Ultimately, the new phototransistors open the door of possibility, he says.""This demonstration shows great potential in high-performance and flexible photodetection systems,"says Ma,
and it had to emit fluorescent light so a cell phone camera could records it, "explains Rite Palomares.
#Tissue cartography Today's state-of-the-art optical microscopes produce voluminous three-dimensional data sets that are difficult to analyze.
layer by layer, using a computer-controlled laser beam that hardens the plastic. Each six-by-six inch layer takes a mere minute to complete."
The nerve cells in these samples were decorated with engineered channelrhodopsins that open in response to light,
-and ground-based telescopes as we could get our hands on to measure the energy output of over 200,000 galaxies across as broad a wavelength range as possible,"Galaxy And Mass Assembly (GAMA) team leader Simon Driver,
the team found that the energy output is dropping over 21 different wavelengths, making their results the most comprehensive assessment to date of the energy output of the nearby universe."
#Saltwater lamp could replace dangerous kerosene lights The majority of inhabitants on the Philippines7000 islands do not have access to electricity.
Instead, they rely primarily on kerosene powered lamps to provide light sources at night, which are not only hazards and pollutants,
safe light source powered by salt and water, which can last for up to six months when used for eight hours a day.
but these and other nonmetallic waveguides are constrained by pesky physical laws that require critical dimensions to be at least half the wavelength of the light in size;
strong fields with dimensions far smaller than the wavelength of the original light can be createdlasmons.
Unlike light, these plasmons are free to travel down nanoscale wires or gaps in metals.
Their findings were published in Nature Photonics.**The plasmonic phase modulator is inverted effectively an, nanoscale speed bump.
Incoming plasmons, created by laser light at one end of the array, travel though this air gap between the bridges and the bottom gold layer.
their wavelength becomes shorter, allowing more than an extra half of a plasmonic wave to fit under the bridge.
Because it exactly out of phase with the original wave, this additional half wavelength can be used to selectively cancel the wave,
The Mito Test uses near infrared spectroscopy, a special type of light beamed through the skin to measure the oxygen levels in muscle mitochondria.
#Star Pair#s Dusty Disk Shines Light on Planet formation Astronomers using the Gemini South telescope in Chile have discovered striking new evidence for planet formation in a dusty disk surrounding
The team took advantage of an offering for Early Science using the Gemini Planet Imager to study infrared light scattered off dust grains in the disk around the binary system V4046 Sgr.
which light reflected off of virtual objects. This is, essentially how Pixar makes movies. Some researchers,
in principle, be produced by light of any color, coming from any direction, reflecting off of a surface of the right color with the right orientation.
and Japan exposed living fruit flies the commonly studied Drosophila to different light regimes and then compared the active zones in the photoreceptors.
such as surface markers or proteins, with flourescent probes attached to antibodies and pass those cells through lasers.
When the lasers hit them, the fluorescent probes emit different wavelengths of light, which are detected by the cytometer
and converted into readable data. Flow cytometry allows researchers to use 8 to 10 fluorescently labeled markers typically antibodies to capture data about key cell features.
The discovery has been published in the renown scientific journal Nature Materials with the title nhancement of the chemical stability in confined d-Bi2o3 wherein the DTU-researchers describe in detail how they used advanced Pulse Laser Deposition (PLD
such as photolithography and electron-beam lithography. By comparison, the smallest nanogaps that can be generated using the standard methods are 100 nm wide. aking a nanogap is interesting from a philosophical standpoint,
When light is shined upon structures with extremely small gaps, the electromagnetic field that is confined within the gap becomes enormously enhanced.
you would observe a change in the light scattering from the nanogap that would correspond to
but it allows infrared light to go through it. That means the military, for imaging systems, an use spinel as the window because it allows the infrared light to come through.
NRL is also looking at spinel for the windows on lasers operating in maritime and other hostile environments. e got to worry about wave slap and saltwater and things like that,
and gun blasts going offt got to be resistant to all that. And so that where spinel comes into its own,
(and other materials) for next generation (NEXTGEN) lasers. asers can be thought of as a box comprised of optics,
For passive laser applications, like exit apertures (windows), the key is high quality. hat window, if it got any impurities or junk,
it can absorb that laser light, says Sanghera. hen it absorbs, things heat up, which can cause the window to break.
For active laser applications, theye demonstrated how sintering can be used with materials other than spinel to make a laser that xcellent optical quality.
NRL has transitioned both types of laser materials and applications to industry. What makes NRL tick is solving problems Sanghera came to NRL in 1988,
because if there any junk in there, the light will either be absorbed or it can be scattered.
his fiber can remote the energy from the laser, which is inside the platform, to a device on the outside,
and then shoot the laser beam out, confuse the missile. He acknowledges, n Dod, we are the premier place for development of fiber lasers.
It something we are heavily involved with all the different types of fibers and configurations and materials required to enable these eye-safer and NEXTGEN lasers.
Sanghera says that there evolution, like enhancing an existing capability by improving size, weight, and performance/power (SWAP);
#Perseverance paves way for wind laser Developing new satellite instruments is always challenging, but at times more head-scratching is needed to create something truly cutting-edge.
but its wind lasers are now ready and the task of putting the rest of the instrument together can begin
a novel wind lidar called Aladin incorporating two powerful lasers, a large telescope and very sensitive receivers.
The laser generates UV LIGHT which is beamed towards Earth. This light bounces off air molecules and small particles such as dust, ice and droplets of water in the atmosphere.
The fraction of light that is scattered back towards the satellite is collected by Aladin telescope and measured.
The movement of the air molecules, particles or droplets cause this backscattered light to change frequencies slightly.
By comparing these frequencies with the original laser, the winds below the satellite can be determined.
and testing both lasers. Despite numerous setbacks in particular issues associated with them working properly in a vacuum,
Both lasers have now been delivered to Airbus Defence and Space in Toulouse, France, ready to be integrated into the rest of Aladin.
Alessandro Dttavi, the Aladin System Engineering Manager at Selex-ES Pomezia, near Rome, has worked on the laser
the team spirit and motivation has remained always high. ow that the lasers are both safely in the hands of Airbus in France we wish them well with integrating them into the Aladin instrument
Giuseppe Pulella, Programme Manager for the laser transmitter at the Selex-ES factory near Florence, added, e have been working at the forefront of optics
and laser technology for some time and encountered some pitfalls along the way. evertheless, we have overcome these with a mixture of technical solutions.
including testing the life of the spare laser, but we now feel that we have mastered the main challenges that earlier stalled its development.
The Aladin team at Airbus have had the first laser since last year and have carried already out some important tests on its optics.
However, the arrival of the second laser allows the team to move on and assemble and test the full instrument
he delivery of the second flight laser is a major achievement by Selex-ES, who have overcome major technology issues along the way. he contributions of Airbus Defence and Space,
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