Each magnet within the new metamaterial is shaped like a grain of rice and roughly 63 nanometers in length.
tailored phase transitions could enable metamaterials to be adapted specifically for different needs in future, "explains Heyderman.
but with its adaptability, this new metamaterial could be the wave of the future. Apart from facilitating information transfer,
Daikin action is aimed at encouraging manufacturers worldwide to adopt sustainable comfort cooling and heating technologies that use HFC-32, a refrigerant with a lower global warming impact than commonly used refrigerants.
since 2011 to accelerate the phase out of ozone-depleting refrigerants, such as HCFC-22, said Shinya Okada, Daikin senior executive officer. iven the urgent need to address climate change,
Conversion from high-GWP refrigerants is already underway. Last year, the European union enacted the revised F-gas regulation*to reduce the global warming impact of refrigerants.
In the United states, the Environmental protection agency (EPA) is in the process of revising its regulations that establish acceptable alternatives for ozone depleting and high-GWP refrigerants.
In addition, Japan Act on Rational Use and Proper Management of Fluorocarbons, which came into force in April 2015,
encourages conversion from high-GWP refrigerants e
#Technology U s. scientists make tiny invisibility cloak A tiny invisibility cloak has been invented by U s. scientists who are edging ever-closer to a real version of
he says. aving a boiler that can respond to quick changescould provide extra flexibility to the electric grid,
in plasma isolated from blood. By measuring the level of genetic mutations in the ctdna, the test can predict the nature of metastatic disease
Plasmon energy expansion thermometry, inset, uses a beam of electrons to track where heat is produced
Electrons passing through a sample excite collective charge oscillations called plasmons. Monitoring the energy required to excite the plasmons enables measuring local variations in a sample density,
which are directly related to the local temperature within an integrated circuit or transistor. Based on these principles
the researchers developed a new technique called plasmon energy expansion thermometry, or PEET. It enables measuring local temperature with 3-5 K precision and 5 nm spatial resolution.
director of Berkeley Lab Materials sciences Division and a world authority on metamaterials artificial nanostructures engineered with electromagnetic properties not found in nature. ur ultra-thin cloak now looks like a coat.
The rules that govern these interactions in natural materials can be circumvented in metamaterials whose optical properties arise from their physical structure rather than their chemical composition.
For the past ten years, Zhang and his research group have been pushing the boundaries of how light interacts with metamaterials,
In the past, their metamaterial-based optical carpet cloaks were bulky and hard to scale up and entailed a phase difference between the cloaked region
and metamaterials offers tantalizing future prospects for technologies such as high resolution optical microscopes and superfast optical computers.
Surface plasmons are electromagnetic waves propagating along a metal-dielectric interface (e g.,, gold/air) and having the amplitudes exponentially decaying in the neighbor media.
where single atoms connect to each other in a diamond-like grid structure, each face of a crystal (1, 1,
) Plasmonic devices harness clouds of electrons called surface plasmons to manipulate and control light. Potential applications for the nanotweezer include improved-sensitivity nanoscale sensors
and memory storage devices users will continue to seek long after the proliferation of digital transistors predicted by Moore's Law becomes too unwieldy for conventional electronics."
but also in transportation industry power backup, micro grid storage, and for the wider use of renewable energy. OSU officials say they are seeking support for further research
#Researchers from Kiel and Bochum develop new information storage device Scientists from Kiel University and the Ruhr Universität Bochum (RUB) have developed a new way to store information that uses ions to save data
The development of ever smaller and more energy-efficient storage devices according to this principle, however, is increasingly approaching its limits:
because there is not just one storage device in our computers, but several optimised ones, depending on the task."
"Moving data between individual storage devices has begun now to take a not inconsiderable amount of time. Put simply:
That is why industrial companies and research institutes around the world are working on a more efficient, universal storage device that combines the advantages of all storage devices and moves as little data as possible back and forth.
The new resistance-based storage devices could even simulate brain structures. Rapid pattern recognition and a low energy consumption in connection with enormous parallel data processing would enable revolutionary computer architectures."
and packing strategies should also allow further reductions to external thermal-management requirements and optimization of the overall natural gas storage system performance. c
Nanoparticles were fabricated in the Australian National University by e-beam lithography followed by plasma-phase etching.
and all the experimental work was carried out at the Faculty of physics of Lomonosov Moscow State university, in the Laboratory of Nanophotonics and Metamaterials."
which each have a porous substrate with about 500 pointed tips and, above that, an extractor grid with small holes.
When a high voltage is applied between the tips and grid, charged ions burst through the holes. hen you extract
plasma-based ion engines meaning it packs a Punch in January, Accion tested a miniature version of MAX-1,
Emerging"elastocaloric"refrigeration is potentially much more efficient and, unlike vapor compression, relies on environmentally-friendly refrigerants.
In elastocaloric materials a change in mechanical stress can create a change in temperature. In the Journal of Applied Physics("Elastocaloric effect of Ni-Ti wire for application in a cooling device"),a team of researchers from Technical University of Denmark report that the elastocaloric effect opens the door to alternative forms
of solid-state refrigeration that are direct replacements for vapor compression technology. The elastocaloric effect is one of many flavors of"caloric effects"
Then the team exposed the graphene to an oxygen plasma that knocked carbon atoms out of the graphene's nanoscale chicken wire lattice to create pores.
The longer the graphene membrane was exposed to the plasma, the bigger the pores that formed,
So far, the oxygen plasma approach worked the best, "he added. He worries more about gremlins that plague today's reverse osmosis membranes--growths on membrane surfaces that clog them (called"biofouling)
This week in the journal Applied Physics Letters("Metamaterial electromagnetic energy harvester with near unity efficiency"),researchers from the University of Waterloo in Canada report a novel design for electromagnetic energy harvesting based on
"This involves the use of metamaterials that can be tailored to produce media that neither reflects nor transmits any power--enabling full absorption of incident waves at a specific range of frequencies and polarizations."
and memory storage devices users will continue to seek long after the proliferation of digital transistors predicted by Moore Law becomes too unwieldy for conventional electronics. he exciting thing is that,
the light beams of the waveguides initiate electromagnetic surface waves, the so-called surface plasmons. The voltage applied to the polymer modulates the surface waves.
and hence they could potentially revolutionize electric motors, generators and utility grids. However, scientists have yet to discover a material that becomes superconducting at ambient temperature-all known superconductors operate only at cryogenic temperatures,
director of Berkeley Lab's Materials sciences Division and a world authority on metamaterials-artificial nanostructures engineered with electromagnetic properties not found in nature."
The rules that govern these interactions in natural materials can be circumvented in metamaterials whose optical properties arise from their physical structure rather than their chemical composition.
For the past ten years, Zhang and his research group have been pushing the boundaries of how light interacts with metamaterials,
In the past, their metamaterial-based optical carpet cloaks were bulky and hard to scale up and entailed a phase difference between the cloaked region
and metamaterials offers tantalizing future prospects for technologies such as high resolution optical microscopes and superfast optical computers.
and specially fabricated acoustic metamaterials can hide an object from sound waves, a recently developed thermal cloak can render an object thermally invisible by actively redirecting incident heat.
Zhang and colleagues had been experimenting with metamaterials, artificial composites that exhibit properties not found in naturally occurring substances.
They had designed previously a metamaterial thermal cloak that passively guided conductive heat around a hidden object.
whether we can control thermal cloaking electrically, not by guiding heat around the hidden object passively with traditional metamaterials,
Victor Anaskin) Surface plasmons are electromagnetic waves propagating along a metal-dielectric interface (e g.,, gold/air) and having the amplitudes exponentially decaying in the neighbor media.
The scientists developed a nanoscale photodetector that uses the common material molybdenum disulfide to detect optical plasmons--travelling oscillations of electrons below the diffraction limit
The device expands on previous work demonstrating that light could be transmitted along a silver nanowire as a plasmon
rather than solely to the laser's wavelength, demonstrating that the plasmons effectively nudged the electrons in Mos2 into a different energy state."
the energy was converted into plasmons, a form of electromagnetic wave that travels through oscillations in electron density.
and performance was limited at shorter wavelengths due to ineffective plasmon propagation and at longer wavelengths due to the band gap of molybdenum disulfide."
About the Presentation The presentation,"Detection of Optical Plasmons Using an Atomically-Thin Semiconductor, "by Kenneth Goodfellow, will take place from 15:30-17:00, Thursday, 22 october 2015,
The possibility to use arbitrary metallic electrodes significantly simplifies the fabrication and operation of such novel storage devices
but also in transportation industry power backup, micro grid storage, and for the wider use of renewable energy y
The human navigation function is operated by two types of brain cells-place cells and grid cells.
while grid cells provide us with an absolute reference system, so we can determine exactly where we are on a map.
The human brain uses grid cells, which provide a virtual reference frame for spatial awareness to handle this type of relative navigation.
and pass one of the virtual grid points that the brain has set up, the respective grid cell becomes active,
and we know our relative movement in relation to those coordinates. By using both place and grid cells for navigation,
humans and animals are able to accurately move through the environment. Yuan and the team have implemented the same neural scheme for robots,
using computer programs that simulate the activity of place and grid cells in the brain. Crucial to the computational algorithm is the strength of the feedback mechanism between the grid cells and place cells,
and the calibration of the visual signals is integral to the map building process of the computer algorithm.
a high-frequency microwave oscillator developed in collaboration with Richard Temkin of MIT Department of physics and Plasma Science and Fusion Center.
The development of ever smaller and more energy-efficient storage devices according to this principle, however, is increasingly approaching its limits:
because there is not just one storage device in our computers, but several optimised ones, depending on the task."
"Moving data between individual storage devices has begun now to take a not inconsiderable amount of time. Put simply:
That is why industrial companies and research institutes around the world are working on a more efficient, universal storage device that combines the advantages of all storage devices and moves as little data as possible back and forth.
The new resistance-based storage devices could even simulate brain structures. Rapid pattern recognition and a low energy consumption in connection with enormous parallel data processing would enable revolutionary computer architectures."
where single atoms connect to each other in a diamond-like grid structure, each face of a crystal (1, 1,
This qubit layer is sandwiched"in a three-dimensional architecture, between two layers of wires arranged in a grid.
They have modelled also the required voltages applied to the grid wires, needed to address individual qubits,
ACS) Today, lithium-ion batteries are the storage technology of choice for many applications, from electric cars to smartphones.
it could one day help support grid-scale energy storage, the researchers say a
#Novel'crumpling'of hybrid nanostructures increases SERS sensitivity By"crumpling"to increase the surface area of graphene-gold nanostructures,
which allows plasma components including brain-reactive autoantibodies into the brain. There, the autoantibodies can bind to neurons
which harness the unusual properties of light-bending metamaterials, have shown theoretical promise for years. But outside of dramatic illusions made with lenses,
it is safer and simpler to take it into space than a plasma or gas.
A laser-driven plasma wave accelerates and wiggles electrons, giving rise to a brilliant kev X-ray emission. his so-called betatron radiation is emitted in a collimated beam with excellent spatial coherence and remarkable spectral stability.
First, the laser pulse ploughs through a plasma consisting of positively charged atomic cores and their electrons like a ship through water, producing a wake of oscillating electrons.
#New metamaterial enables refractive index of zero Researchers at the Harvard John A. Paulson School of engineering and Applied sciences (SEAS) say they have made it easier to manipulate light at the nanoscale.
They have developed the first on-chip metamaterial with a refractive index of zero, meaning that the phase of light can travel infinitely fast.
The new metamaterial was developed in the lab of Eric Mazur, the Balkanski Professor of Physics and Applied Physics and Area Dean for Applied Physics AT SEAS,
The metamaterial consists of low-aspect-ratio silicon pillar arrays embedded in a polymer matrix and clad by gold films.
or manipulated but this metamaterial permits us to manipulate light from one chip to another, to squeeze,
said Mazur. his on-chip metamaterial opens the door to exploring the physics of zero index and its applications in integrated optics.
This zero-index metamaterial offers a solution for the confinement of electromagnetic energy in different waveguide configurations
protecting the components inside a directed energy weapon from the ravages of sea or sand while still letting the laser shine through.
creating a plasma shield in between the explosion and the vehicle. The plasma's temperature and density help deflect
and absorb the shockwaves from the explosion. In the patent illustration, the force field protects a military HMMWV,
while heavier-armored tanks and MRAPS could save their plasma blasts for only larger threats.
it a further blow to the state to find its primary natural water storage system in critical condition.
it certifies that you have asked the energy grid to power your device with solar power. You see,
the energy grid consists of electricity from every available source: coal, hydro, nuclear, wind, what have you.
and smart grid, says CEO Rao Mulpuri. Window building is populated a relatively industry as anyone strolling through New york city can imagine. ee raising capital
There, it is mixed with water to create steam that turns energy-generating turbines. The HTF is made up of a synthetic thermal oil solution that is pumped towards a heat tank containing molten sands that can store heat energy for three hours
where single atoms connect to each other in a diamond-like grid structure, each face of a crystal (1, 1,
electric cars and grid-scale storage for solar power.""In their simplest form, batteries are made of three components:
use it to drive turbines and then be reheated to continue the cycle. Most commonly this might be done over a 24-hr period, with variable levels of solar-powered electricity available at any time of day
That energy has been used to heat a fluid that in turn drives a turbine to produce electricity.
which would drive a turbine to produce electricity, and then residual heat could be used to make steam to drive yet another turbine.
In laboratory tests, one concern arose when the energy storage capacity of the process declined after 45 heating and cooling cycles, due to some changes in the underlying materials.
in conjunction with Oxford university researchers, believes it has devised a way to overcome this obstacle by creating a new type of horizontal axis turbine that can be used underwater at depths of up to 30 meters, at an economical cost.
Conventional propeller-type turbines are like underwater wind turbines and the number of suitable sites for them are reduced vastly by the size of their large blades,
as the water flows past the fence a head of water is produced that increases the turbine's efficiency.
The phenomenon is called a'blockage'of the turbines and gets larger in proportion to the length of the fence.
Guy Houlsby, professor of civil engineering at Oxford university, says their design is an improvement on the vertical Darrieus wind turbine used in some turbine systems."
"The original Darrieus turbine has blades that are parallel to the axis of rotation, and that means that the loads in the blades are carried entirely by bending of the blades.
"The water flows at right angles to the axis of the turbine so, as the turbine turns, lift is generated by these blades,
"explained Houlsby. Peter Dixon, chairman of Kepler Energy, says the patented turbine is the most efficient yet designed.
According to Dixon,"the rotor is suited to lower velocity, shallower waters, which are areas where you can't put conventional axial flow turbines,
because to make them powerful enough you need to make them very big in diameter
So this turbine goes places other turbines cannot and generates electricity at an economical cost."
which is a chain of these turbines in the Bristol Channel, and if we can build up to say ten kilometers worth,
tidal lagoon system, consisting of circular retaining walls embedded with turbines which capture the tide's energy."
when a tidal turbine like ours is actually static, not turning, so together they constructively interfere,
"This solar flow battery design can potentially be applied for grid-scale solar energy conversion and storage, as well as producing'electrolyte fuels'that might be used to power future electric vehicles,"one of the team,
#Whoa, researchers have levitated liquid droplets on glowing plasma French researchers have found a new way to levitate liquid droplets by using a stream of electricity to create a tiny cushion of plasma.
managing to float liquid droplets using plasma. More than just a cool party trick, the new technique provides some important insight into the production of plasma.
It works in a very similar way to something called the Leidenfrost effect, where liquid droplets sitting on an incredibly hot surface begin to levitate on a hot cushion of vapour.
they'd actually managed to ionise the gas into plasma.""This method is probably an easy and original way to make a plasma,
"lead researcher and physicist Cedric Poulain said in a press release. But he admits that this was far from the original reason for the experiment,
"Although they weren't expecting to generate plasma at all, what surprised the team most of all was the blue light emission,
which gave rise to the very high electric field necessary to generate a long-term and dense plasma with little energy.
The next step is for the team to analyse the composition of the plasma cushion, which appears to be a superposition of two types of plasma-something that scientists known very little about."
"It's very exciting, "said Poulain of the research's unexpected turn. Even though it wasn't
their results could could provide some fascinating insight into the physics of plasma and potentially lead to new,
by using metamaterial and metasurfaces to build their tunnel. That meant that they could make the magnetic field from a source,
The cloak works by employing specially devised metamaterials, which unlike natural materials can bend or curve the reflection of light via their physical structure rather than their chemical composition,
advancements in metamaterial layers have resulted now in the first real invisibility cloak technology that could be scaled up to hide actual people (as long as everybody stands perfectly still, that is.
"Classified as a metamaterial because it displays properties that have yet to be found in nature,
tailored phase transitions could enable metamaterials to be adapted specifically for different needs in future, "says Heyderman.
expensive, require unbroken refrigeration from manufacture to use and up to 12 hours from testing to confirmed diagnosis The test provides rapid, inexpensive, accurate detection of Ebola viral antigens based on colour change within 30 minutes in individuals
No refrigeration required. She then used these silk-stabilised chemicals to design a paper-based test that requires only a serum sample (the clear part of the blood after the red blood cells have been removed) and water to run.
the study is the first time low temperature plasmas (LTPS) have been applied on cells grown directly from patient tissue samples.
It is the result of a unique collaboration between the York Plasma Institute in the Department of physics and the Cancer Research Unit (CRU) in York Department of biology.
Low temperature plasmas are formed by applying a high electric field across a gas using an electrode, which breaks down the gas to form plasma.
This creates a complex, unique reactive environment containing high concentrations of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS).
when transferred through plasma to a target source, is a key mediator of oxidative damage and cell death in biological systems.
a Phd student at the York Plasma Institute who has been working with Dr Fiona Frame on the project,
monitoring the precision of plasma application. If all subsequent trials are successful, LTP could be used to treat cancer patients within 10-15 years 1
Initially working with Lew Meixler on a federal Cooperative Research and development Agreement in the Plasma Surface Laboratory, she solved the problem by treating the metal (steel or titanium) with a plasma.
#Scientists create invisible objects in the microwave range without metamaterial cloaking Physicists from ITMO University,
Contrary to the now prevailing notion of invisibility that relies on metamaterial coatings, the scientists achieved the result using a homogenous object without any additional coating layers.
or can be developed at will,"said Mikhail Rybin, first author of the paper and senior researcher at the Metamaterials Laboratory in ITMO University.
The subject of invisibility came into prominence with the development of metamaterials--artificially designed structures with optical properties that are encountered not elsewhere in nature.
Metamaterials are capable of changing the direction of light in exotic ways, including making light curve around the cloaked object.
Nevertheless, coating layers based on metamaterials are extremely hard to fabricate and are not compatible with many other invisibility ideas.
"Our findings indicate that a subset of genes involved with elevated plasma lipid levels and inflammation may also increase the risk for developing AD.
Elevated levels of plasma lipids and inflammation can be modified with treatment, which means it could be possible to identify
Plasma synthesis, which consumes large amounts of energy and involves significant material wastage, is used another generally method.
we could advance large-scale renewable energy storage technologies for electric cars and microgrids, "he says. Jin also believes that the novel X-ray imaging technique will facilitate the studies of other technologically important solid-state transformations
#Metamaterials shine bright as new terahertz source Metamaterials allow design and use of light-matter interactions at a fundamental level.
An efficient terahertz emission from two-dimensional arrays of gold split-ring resonator metamaterials was discovered as a result of excitation by a near-infrared pulsed laser.
This discovery opens new ways to use metamaterials for these important applications. Broadband terahertz sources offer exciting possibilities to study fundamental physics principles
To solve these challenges consider metamaterials; materials that allow control of the properties of light-matter interactions at the fundamental level.
The building blocks of metamaterials, known as split-ring resonators, can be designed to exhibit strong electric and magnetic response to electromagnetic fields over a wide frequency range, from terahertz to infrared.
when a two-dimensional array of nanometer-sized gold metamaterial resonators is illuminated by a tunable near-infrared femtosecond laser,
with wavelengths matching the magnetic resonance of the metamaterial, a strong broadband of terahertz electromagnetic waves is emitted.
Further, these new metamaterials could allow integration of terahertz optoelectronics with high-speed telecommunications. DOE Office of Science, Basic energy Sciences (experiments.
They have exploited the underlying physics to reduce the necessary laser power for plasma generation. Researchers at the University of Rochester's Institute of Optics have shown that a laser-generated microplasma in air can be used as a source of broadband terahertz radiation.
Ph d. student and lead author Buccheri explains that they exploited the underlying physics to reduce the necessary laser power for plasma generation.
For this, a plasma is needed. Buccheri explains that spectroscopy works by looking at which frequencies are absorbed by certain materials.
"Until now, approaches to use a plasma as a broadband source of terahertz have used commonly an elongated plasma generated by combining together two laser beams of different frequencies, i e.,
The"one-color"approach uses single laser frequency to generate the plasma. Pioneered by Harald Hamster and colleagues in 1993,
if by creating a plasma with a laser in one of these"weirder"polarization states
The trick was to replace elongated plasmas, with lengths ranging from few millimeters to several centimeters, with a microplasma, about the width of a human hair.
Although plasmon lasers have been demonstrated at different spectral ranges, from the ultraviolet to near-infrared, a systematic approach to manipulate the lasing emission wavelength in real time has not been possible.
The main limitation is that only solid gain materials have been used in previous work on plasmon nanolasers;
Odom's research team has found a way to integrate liquid gain materials with gold nanoparticle arrays to achieve nanoscale plasmon lasing that can be tuned dynamical, reversibly and in real time.
#Electrical power converter allows grid to easily accept power from renewable energy Doctoral student Joseph Carr developed the system with his adviser, Juan Balda, University Professor and head of the department of electrical engineering.
Innovations in this field are critical as the United states moves toward integration of renewable energy sources to the national power grid.
and their associated harvesting systems increase the need for new power converters that can efficiently convert diverse energy sources to work across modern electrical grid systems.
it produces stable electricity ready to be supplied to the electrical grid system. Carr received his doctorate from the university in 2011.
Balda is at the center of a critical corps of U of A researchers investigating solid-state solutions for the nation's electric power grid d
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