#Carbon nanotube sensor detects spoiled meat MIT chemists have devised an inexpensive, portable sensor that can detect gases emitted by rotting meat,
who is the senior author of a paper describing the new sensor this week in the journal Angewandte Chemie("Single-Walled carbon nanotube/Metalloporphyrin Composites for the Chemiresistive Detection of Amines and Meat Spoilage").
The sensor is similar to other carbon nanotube devices that Swager's lab has developed in recent years,
it increases the electrical resistance of the carbon nanotube, which can be measured easily.""We use these porphyrins to fabricate a very simple device where we apply a potential across the device
and could be incorporated into a wireless platform Swager's lab recently developed that allows a regular smartphone to read output from carbon nanotube sensors such as this one.
Thomas Just Sørensen is Associate professor at the Department of chemistry, Nanoscience Centre, University of Copenhagen. Together with his English team and his Copenhagen partner, Tom Vosch, he has published the articles:"
#Nanoparticles could make big impact for patients in need of cornea transplant There are about 48,000 corneal transplants done each year in the U s,
Johns Hopkins Medicine researchers may have discovered a way to prevent rejection by using biodegradable nanoparticles that release needed medication into the eye after surgery.
In an animal study being published in the March 10 issue of the Journal of Controlled Release("Corticosteroid-loaded biodegradable nanoparticles for prevention of corneal allograft rejection in rats),
biodegradable nanoparticle loaded with corticosteroids for timed release of medicine. The other three groups received weekly injections of saline, placebo nanoparticles and free dexamethasone sodium phosphate aqueous solution after surgery, respectively.
Treatments were given until the graft was deemed clinically as failed or until the nine-week test period concluded.
For rats that received the nanoparticle loaded with corticosteroids, 65 percent of the treatment remained in the eye
Two weeks after surgery, rats that received the placebo nanoparticle and saline injections had severe swelling, opaque corneas and unwanted growth of new blood vessels, all indicating graft failure.
The only group that showed successful corneal transplant was the group of rats that received the corticosteroid-loaded nanoparticle injections.
a research associate at the Center for Nanomedicine at the Wilmer Eye Institute at Johns Hopkins Medicine.
The steroid-loaded nanoparticle treatment group showed no signs of corneal transplant rejection. Thats 100 percent efficacy, a very promising finding, says Justin Hanes, Ph d.,director of the Center for Nanomedicine.
This type of treatment may also help prevent corneal transplant rejection in humans while making medicine adherence much easier on patients and their families The nanoparticle loaded with medication could eliminate the need for a patient to remember to take their medicine often multiple doses per hour after a surgery,
alleviating compliance risk. These types of drug delivery systems could be paired with other drugs and used in other conditions, such as glaucoma, macular degeneration and corneal ulcers, among others.
and Technology (NIST) has developed a technique for creating nanoscale whispering galleries for electrons in graphene. The development opens the way to building devices that focus
"An international research group led by scientists at NIST has developed a technique for creating nanoscale whispering galleries for electrons in graphene.
The researchers used the voltage from a scanning tunneling microscope (right) to push graphene electrons out of a nanoscale area to create the whispering gallery (represented by the protuberances on the left),
The cool thing is made that we a nanometer scale electronic analogue of a classical wave effect
the research team used the voltage from a scanning tunneling microscope (STM) to push some of them out of a nanoscale-sized area.
creating a nanoscale electronic whispering gallery mode. The team can control the size and strength, i e.,
Fabrication and measurement of the device was performed at NISTS Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology (CNST), a national user facility available to researchers from industry, academia and government t
Scientists curve nanoparticle sheets into complex forms (Nanowerk News) Scientists have been making nanoparticles for more than two decades in two-dimensional sheets, three-dimensional crystals and random clusters.
But they have never been able to get a sheet of nanoparticles to curve or fold into a complex three-dimensional structure.
This highly magnified image of a folded gold nanoparticle scroll shows that even though researchers can fold the membrane,
Working at the Center for Nanoscale Materials (CNM) and the Advanced Photon Source (APS), two DOE Office of Science User Facilities located at Argonne,
the team got membranes of gold nanoparticles coated with organic molecules to curl into tubes when hit with an electron beam.
The scientists coat gold nanoparticles of a few thousand atoms each with an oil-like organic molecule that holds the gold particles together.
the staff scientist at the Center for Nanoscale Materials who led the project. But its a very thin membrane made of a single layer of nanoparticles.
To their surprise, when the scientists put the membrane into the beam of a scanning electron microscope,
so they end up distributing themselves in a nonuniform way across the top and bottom layers of the nanoparticle sheet.
Argonne researchers are able to fold gold nanoparticle membranes in a specific direction using an electron beam
to analyze the surface of the nanoparticles. They discovered that the amount of surface covered by the organic molecules
They advance significantly our ability to make new nanostructures with controlled shapes. In principle, scientists could use this method to induce folding in any nanoparticle membrane that has an asymmetrical distribution of surface molecules.
Said Lin, You use one type of molecule that hates water and rely on the water surfaces to drive the molecules to distribute non-uniformly,
#Combining graphene and nanotubes to make digital switches Graphene has been called a wonder material, capable of performing great and unusual material acrobatics.
Boron nitride nanotubes are no slackers in the materials realm either, and can be engineered for physical and biological applications.
or stopping themhile boron nitride nanotubes are so insulating that electrons are rebuffed like an overeager dog hitting the patio door.
Yoke Khin Yap, a professor of physics at Michigan Technological University, has worked with a research team that created these digital switches by combining graphene and boron nitride nanotubes.
The journal Scientific Reports recently published their work("Switching Behaviors of Graphene-Boron nitride nanotube Heterojunctions"."he question is:
Nanoscale Tweaks Graphene is a molecule-thick sheet of carbon atoms; the nanotubes are made like straws of boron and nitrogen.
Yap and his team exfoliate graphene and modify the material surface with tiny pinholes. Then they can grow the nanotubes up and through the pinholes.
Meshed together like this, the material looks like a flake of bark sprouting erratic, thin hairs. hen we put these two aliens together,
and the atomic structure in the nanotubes halts electric currents. This disparity creates a barrier, caused by the difference in electron movement as currents move next to and past the hairlike boron nitride nanotubes.
These points of contact between the materialsalled heterojunctionsre what make the digital on/off switch possible. magine the electrons are like cars driving across a smooth track,
the use of graphene and nanotubes bypasses those problems. In addition, the graphene and boron nitride nanotubes have the same atomic arrangement pattern,
or lattice matching. With their aligned atoms, the graphene-nanotube digital switches could avoid the issues of electron scattering. ou want to control the direction of the electrons,
Yap explains, comparing the challenge to a pinball machine that traps, slows down and redirects electrons. his is difficult in high speed environments,
Each modulator is made up of a metal-insulator-metal waveguide with a gap approximately 80 nanometers wide
In the experiment, the MZM works reliably over the entire spectral range of the broadband optical fiber networks of 1500 1600 nanometers at an electric bandwidth of 70 gigahertz with data flows of up to 108 gigabit per second.
The team managed to synthesize a thin film made of densely packed aluminum oxide nanorods blended with molecules of a thrombolytic enzyme (urokinase-type plasminogen activator).
#Nanotechnology developed to help treat heart attack and stroke Australian researchers funded by the National Heart Foundation are a step closer to a safer
and more effective way to treat heart attack and stroke via nanotechnology. The research jointly lead by Professor Christoph Hagemeyer, Head of the Vascular Biotechnology Laboratory at Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute and Professor Frank Caruso,
This life saving treatment could be administered by paramedics in emergency situations without the need for specialised equipment as is currently the case. ee created a nanocapsule that contains a clot-busting drug.
The drug-loaded nanocapsule is coated with an antibody that specifically targets activated platelets, the cells that form blood clots,
thrombin (a molecule at the centre of the clotting process) breaks open the outer layer of the nanocapsule,
The results were published online in Nature Communications on August 4, 2015("A paclitaxel-loaded recombinant polypeptide nanoparticle outperforms Abraxane in multiple murine cancer models".
forming a water-soluble nanoparticle with the drug hidden in its core. These nanoparticles are highly soluble in blood
and are the perfect size to penetrate and accumulate in tumors where they take advantage of a tumor's acidic environment."
#Atomic view of microtubules Microtubules, hollow fibers of tubulin protein only a few nanometers in diameter, form the cytoskeletons of living cells
Last year a multi-discipline research team led by South korea Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics at Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU) director Young Hee
#Using lasers to tailor the properties of graphene Carbon nanomaterials display extraordinary physical properties, outstanding among any other substance available,
producing nanodevices with minimal footprint and maximum efficiency. As recently published in AIP Applied Physics Letters("Patterned graphene ablation and two-photon functionalization by picosecond laser pulses in ambient conditions),
an ECE graduate student and the lead author of the research reported this week in Applied Physics Letters("Polarized quantum dot emission in electrohydrodynamic jet printed photonic crystals),
See explained. f you put the photonic crystal-enhanced quantum dot into a device like a phone or computer,
each measuring about six nanometers. e made a tiny device, but the process can easily be scaled up to large flexible plastic sheets,
And while the scientists needed only nanograms of the material for this study, that number would have to be multiplied dramatically for industrial purposes.
"For this research, the team used the Center for Nanoscale Materials as well as beamline 12-ID-C of the Advanced Photon Source, both DOE Office of Science User Facilities.
Curtiss said the Advanced Photon Source allowed the scientists to observe ultralow loadings of their small clusters, down to a few nanograms,
#Silicon nanodevice solves overheating problem in lab analysis technique Scientists from the London Centre for Nanotechnology (LCN),
Imperial College London and the University of Buenos aires have published the results of a study testing a silicon nanodevice in the journal Nature Communications("Non-plasmonic nanoantennas for surface enhanced spectroscopies with ultra-low
"This silicon nanodevice can funnel laser light to a tightly focused spot and probe biological molecules to explore their potential use as new drugs.
The device has the potential to replace gold nanodevices used in current analytical techniques, where the metal elements can become heated to temperatures of 120 degrees celsius.
Applying voltage to a 250-nanometer-thick sandwich of graphene, tantalum, nanoporous tantalum oxide and platinum creates addressable bits where the layers meet.
Third, the flow of current draws oxygen ions from the tantalum oxide nanopores and stabilizes them.
and a way to control the size of the nanopores s
#Bioengineers identify the key genes and functions for sustaining microbial life (Nanowerk News) A new study led by bioengineers at the University of California,
These microcapsules, in turn, are packed with nanoparticles that can be filled with drugs. Heres how it works:
The drugs leak slowly out of the nanoparticles and are stored in the microcapsules. When the elastic film is stretched,
the microcapsule is recharged by the drugs that continue to leak out of the nanoparticles. This can be used to apply drugs directly to sites on the skin,
who now heads the NUS Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Institute (NUSNNI). The manganite is an antiferromagnet
and nanotechnology to move into an uncharted territory, "Anasori said. Mastering Materials Combining two-dimensional sheets of elements in an organized way to produce new materials has been the goal of Drexel nanomaterials researchers for more than a decade.
Imposing this sort of organization at the atomic level is no easy task.""Due to their structure and electric charge, certain elements just don t'like'to be combined,
That order was imposed by Michel W. Barsoum, Phd and Yury Gogotsi, Phd, Distinguished University and Trustee Chair professor in the College of Engineering and head of the Drexel Nanomaterials Group
That's really small--less than one millionth of a meter--but these nanoscopic valleys have macroscopic impact.
and demonstrate the nanoscale mechanics behind the phenomenon of staying dry underwater. In their experiments, the researchers used a variety of materials with
Samples with the nanoscale roughness remained dry for up to four months the duration of the experiment.
The researchers focused on the nanoscopic structure of surfaces, which, at the nanoscale, are somewhat akin to the texture of a carpet,
with tiny spike-like elevations separated by valley-shaped pores in between. When submerged, water tends to cling to the top of the spikes,
colloidal nanoparticles may play a role in digital technologies of the future. Nanoparticles can be displaced rapidly,
require little energy and their small footprint offers large storage capacity all these attributes make them well suited to new data storage applications or high-resolution displays.
A nanorod is switched between two states bright (high signal) and dark (low signal) by an external electrical pulse (red trace).
At a diameter in the range of ten to one hundred nanometres, a single such particle is invisible to the naked eye.
These nanoparticles are constantly in motion due to the principle of Brownian motion. Since the particles are charged electrically,
Professor of Physical chemistry at the University of Zurich, succeeded in the controlled spatial manipulation of matter on the nanometer scale.
In a new study, she and her colleagues have demonstrated now that it is not only possible to spatially confine nanoparticles,
Manipulation using electrical and optical signals The UZH researchers have developed a method that makes it possible to create nanostructures
"Nanoparticles possess properties that are very useful for digital technologies, and each individual particle can now be used to store
The targeted manipulation of individual nanoparticles opens up new options for their application, including in future data storage media
The applications for this discovery include nanotechnology-where DNA is used to make tiny machines, and in DNA-based computing-where computers are built from DNA rather than silicon.
"This research expands how DNA could be used as a switching mechanism for a logic gate in DNA-based computing or in nano-technology
but rather of silicon nanopillars that are arranged precisely into a honeycomb pattern to create a"metasurface"that can control the paths and properties of passing light waves.
These metasurface devices, described in a paper published online on August 31, 2015, in the journal Nature Nanotechnology("Dielectric metasurfaces for complete control of phase and polarization with subwavelength spatial resolution and high transmission"
Scanning electron microscope of a metasurface showing silicon nanopillars on a glass substrate. Tilted view is shown on the right and top view on the left.
#Quantum dot solar cell exhibits 30-fold concentration We've achieved a luminescent concentration ratio greater than 30 with an optical efficiency of 82-percent for blue photons,
who is also the Samsung Distinguished Professor of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology at the University of California Berkeley,
and director of the Kavli Energy Nanoscience Institute (ENSI), was the co-leader of this research.
Alivisatos and Ralph Nuzzo of the University of Illinois are the corresponding authors of a paper in ACS Photonics describing this research entitled Quantum dot Luminescent Concentrator Cavity Exhibiting 30-fold Concentration.
We replaced the molecular dyes in previous LSC systems with core/shell nanoparticles composed of cadmium selenide (Cdse) cores
The Cdse/Cds nanoparticles enabled us to decouple absorption from emission energy and volume, which in turn allowed us to balance absorption
and scattering to obtain the optimum nanoparticle, he says. Our use of photonic mirrors that are matched carefully to the narrow bandwidth of our quantum dot lumophores allowed us to achieve waveguide efficiency exceeding the limit imposed by total internal reflection.
In their ACS Photonics paper, the collaborators express confidence that future LSC devices will achieve even higher concentration ratios through improvements to the luminescence quantum yield, waveguide geometry,
The success of this Cdse/Cds nanoparticle-based LSC system led to a partnership between Berkeley Lab, the University of Illinois, Caltech and the National Renewable energy Lab (NREL) on a new solar
acids, solid metal nanoparticles, and large protein molecules or enzymes in human bodies. Ninety percent of industrially important chemicals are made using catalysts.
#Pillared graphene gains strength Rice university researchers discovered that putting nanotube pillars between sheets of graphene could create hybrid structures with a unique balance of strength, toughness and ductility throughout all three dimensions.
Carbon nanomaterials are common now as flat sheets, nanotubes and spheres, and theye being eyed for use as building blocks in hybrid structures with unique properties for electronics,
Their results appear this week in the journal Carbon("Junction configuration-induced mechanisms govern elastic and inelastic deformations in hybrid carbon nanomaterials".
the way the atoms are arranged can influence all those properties. ome labs are actively trying to make these materials or measure properties like the strength of single nanotubes and graphene sheets,
and quantitatively predict the properties of hybrid versions of graphene and nanotubes. These hybrid structures impart new properties
and functionality that are absent in their parent structures graphene and nanotubes. To that end the lab assembled three-dimensional computer models of illared graphene nanostructures, akin to the boron nitride structures modeled in a previous study to analyze heat transfer between layers. his time we were interested in a comprehensive understanding of the elastic and inelastic properties
of 3-D carbon materials to test their mechanical strength and deformation mechanisms, Shahsavari said. e compared our 3-D hybrid structures with the properties of 2-D stacked graphene sheets and 1-D carbon nanotubes.
Turning the nanotubes in a way that forced wrinkles in the graphene sheets added further flexibility and shear compliance,
That leads to the notion the hybrids can be tuned to fail under particular circumstances. his is the first time anyone has created such a comprehensive atomistic ensto look at the junction-mediated properties of 3-D carbon nanomaterials
#Nanocapsule able to protect nutrients in beverages and food supplements Researchers at the National University of Mexico (UNAM) developed a nanostructured system capable of protecting the active compounds of juices and nutritional supplements from high temperatures during the pasteurization process,
Maria de la Luz Zambrano Zaragoza, researcher at the Nanotechnology area, explained that the benefits of the development called"Nanostructured systems as thermal protectors of functional ingredients in foods"are maintaining the natural compounds,
so we designed nanocapsules measuring less than 500 nanometers, and made a gum-like model that has a liquid center.
These nanocapsules would be added to the commercial drink. The consumption of the system designed in the Laboratory of Transformation
In addition to improving retention of betacarotene in thermal processes, the use of nanocapsules can be applied to other antioxidants in processes such as sterilization or UHT.
Working with brick-like blocks of gold nanoantennas, the Berkeley researchers fashioned a"skin cloak"barely 80 nanometers in thickness,
director of Berkeley Lab's Materials sciences Division and a world authority on metamaterials-artificial nanostructures engineered with electromagnetic properties not found in nature."
and is a member of the Kavli Energy Nanosciences Institute at Berkeley (Kavli ENSI), is the corresponding author of a paper describing this research in Science("An ultrathin invisibility skin cloak for visible light").
however, allow us to manipulate the phase of a propagating wave directly through the use of subwavelength-sized elements that locally tailor the electromagnetic response at the nanoscale,
#Darwin on a chip Researchers of the MESA+Institute for Nanotechnology and the CTIT Institute for ICT Research at the University of Twente in The netherlands have demonstrated working electronic circuits that have been produced in a radically new way,
and have been published in the leading British journal Nature Nanotechnology("Evolution of a Designless Nanoparticle Network into Reconfigurable Boolean logic").
They have used networks of gold nanoparticles for the execution of essential computational tasks. Contrary to conventional electronics, they have moved away from designed circuits.
With this knowledge in hand, researchers have opened a new world for designer proteins and investigations into nanotechnology
and biocompatible metal electrodes"),pairs gold nanomesh with a stretchable substrate made with polydimethylsiloxane, or PDMS.
The substrate is stretched before the gold nanomesh is placed on it-a process known as"prestretching "-and the material showed no sign of fatigue
The gold nanomesh also proved conducive to cell growth, indicating it is a good material for implantable medical devices.
"We weaken the constraint of the substrate by making the interface between the Au (gold) nanomesh and PDMS slippery,
and expect the Au nanomesh to achieve superstretchability and high fatigue resistance, "they wrote in the paper."
"the Au nanomesh does not exhibit strain fatigue when it is stretched to 50 percent for 10,000 cycles."
that, along with the fact that the stretchability of gold nanomesh on a slippery substrate resembles the bioenvironment of tissue
or organ surfaces, suggest the nanomesh"might be implanted in the body as a pacemaker electrode,
using gold nanomesh, in a paper published in Nature Communications in January 2014. This work expands on that,
a UCLA professor of physics and astronomy and a member of UCLA California Nanosystems Institute, is published Sept. 21 in the online edition of the journal Nature Materials("Three-dimensional coordinates of individual atoms
Pernice headed a working group of the KIT Institute of Nanotechnology (INT) and recently moved to the University of Münster. he memory is compatible not only with conventional optical fiber data transmission,
With more photons, at a wavelength of 33 nanometers, the researchers were able to make an image with a resolution of 26 nanometers--almost the theoretical limit."
When taking snapshots every second, the researchers reached a resolution below 80 nanometers. The prospect of high-resolution and real-time imaging using such a relatively small setup could lead to all kinds of applications,
a nanoscale integrated optical memory that could open up the route towards ultra-fast data processing and storage.
This changeability between crystalline (regular) and amorphous (irregular) states allowed the team to store many bits in a single integrated nanoscale optical phase-change cell l
The rapid development in nano-optics and on-chip photonic systems has increased the demand for ultrathin flat lenses with three-dimensional subwavelength focusing capability the ability to see details of an object smaller than 200 nanometres.
and demonstrates how nanotechnology can add significant value to natural graphite. The research is published in Nature Communications("Highly efficient and ultra-broadband graphene oxide ultrathin lenses with three-dimensional subwavelength focusing)
#Quantum dots light up under strain Semiconductor nanocrystals, or quantum dots, are sized tiny, nanometer particles with the ability to absorb light
and re-emit it with well-defined colors. With low-cost fabrication, long-term stability and a wide palette of colors, they have become a building blocks of the display technology,
Exciting quantum dot applications are also emerging in the fields of green energy, optical sensing, and bio-imaging.
Prospects have become even more appealing after a publication was published in the journal Nature Communications last July("Band structure engineering via piezoelectric fields in strained anisotropic Cdse/Cds nanocrystals".
"Our findings add an important new degree of freedom to the development of quantum dot-based technological devices,
The new material could also lead to optical sensors that are highly sensitive to the electrical field in the environment on the nanometer scale e
and uses non-corrosive, nontoxic 2d nanomaterial suspension in liquid form, such as graphene oxide, as the pressure sensing element to recognise force-induced changes.
#Nanoparticles could boost effectiveness and reduce side effects of allergy shots Whether triggered by cats, bees, pollen or mites,
Now, researchers report in Biomacromolecules("Biodegradable ph-Sensitive Poly (ethylene glycol) Nanocarriers for Allergen Encapsulation and Controlled Release")the development of a potentially better allergy shot that uses nanocarriers to address these unwanted issues.
researchers have developed nanoparticles that envelop an allergen and deliver it to specific cells. But these carriers degrade too slowly,
The researchers designed a new type of nanocarrier based on the biocompatible molecule poly (ethylene glycol or PEG, that releases its cargo only in targeted immune cells.
The nanocarrier degrades when it encounters the acidic part of these cells, simultaneously releasing the allergen
and record these nanoscale interactions in real time. As they report Sept. 28 in Nature Biotechnology("Subangstrom single-molecule measurements of motor proteins using a nanopore),
"this tool should provide fast and reliable characterization of the different mechanisms cellular proteins use to bind to DNA strands information that could shed new light on the atomic-scale interactions within our cells
they developed this tool the single-molecule picometer-resolution nanopore tweezers, or SPRNT while working on a related project.
The UW team has been exploring nanopore technology to read DNA sequences quickly. Our genes are long stretches of DNA molecules,
Gundlach and his team, in the process of investigating nanopore sequencing, tried out a variety of molecular motors to move DNA through the pore.
Gundlach and his team show that SPRNT is sensitive enough to differentiate between the mechanisms that two cellular proteins use to pass DNA through the nanopore opening.
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