and visualization software and used it on a laptop computer to leverage an emerging DNA-sequencing technology known as nanopore sequencing. his point-of-care genomic technology will be particularly attractive in the developing world,
Nanopore technology, currently under development by many private enterprises, distinguishes individual nucleic acids by the distinctive perturbations they create in electric currents as they pass through microscopic pores.
was made by Oxford Nanopore technologies and is no larger than a modern cell phone. Although the technology is still new and thereby prone to error,
regardless of the setup. o our knowledge, this is the first time that nanopore sequencing has been used for real-time metagenomic detection of pathogens in complex clinical samples in the setting of human infections,
#First Optical Rectenna Combined Rectifier and Antenna Converts Light to DC Current Using nanometer scale components,
As the waves of light hit the nanotube antennas, they create an oscillating charge that moves through rectifier devices attached to them.
was reported September 28 in the journal Nature Nanotechnology. Developed in the 1960s and 1970s, rectennas have operated at wavelengths as short as ten microns,
Using metallic multiwall carbon nanotubes and nanoscale fabrication techniques, Cola and collaborators Asha Sharma, Virendra Singh and Thomas Bougher constructed devices that utilize the wave nature of light rather than its particle nature.
the nanotubes are coated with an aluminum oxide material to insulate them. Finally, physical vapor deposition is used to deposit optically-transparent thin layers of calcium then aluminum metals atop the nanotube forest.
The difference of work functions between the nanotubes and the calcium provides a potential of about two electron volts
enough to drive electrons out of the carbon nanotube antennas when they are excited by light. In operation, oscillating waves of light pass through the transparent calcium-aluminum electrode
and interact with the nanotubes. The metal-insulator-metal junctions at the nanotube tips serve as rectifiers switching on and off at femtosecond intervals,
allowing electrons generated by the antenna to flow one way into the top electrode. Ultra-low capacitance, on the order of a few attofarads, enables the 10-nanometer diameter diode to operate at these exceptional frequencies. rectenna is basically an antenna coupled to a diode
but when you move into the optical spectrum, that usually means a nanoscale antenna coupled to a metal-insulator-metal diode,
Cola explained. he closer you can get the antenna to the diode, the more efficient it is.
So the ideal structure uses the antenna as one of the metals in the diode
which are placed then in a solution with a nanoscale gel containing the anticancer drug doxorubicin (Dox),
and creating nanoscale spheres made up of platelet membranes with Dox-gel cores. These spheres are treated then
these pseudo-platelets can circulate for up to 30 hours as compared to approximately six hours for the nanoscale vehicles without the coating.
Third, the nanoscale pseudo-platelet is swallowed effectively by the larger cancer cell. The acidic environment inside the cancer cell then begins to break apart the pseudo-platelet freeing the Dox to attack the cancer cell nucleus. In a study using mice,
and TRAIL in a nanogel delivery system without the platelet membrane. e like to do additional preclinical testing on this technique,
Nanocarbon architectures derived from biological materials such as mushrooms can be considered a green and sustainable alternative to graphite-based anodes,
The nanoribbon-like architectures transform upon heat treatment into an interconnected porous network architecture which is important for battery electrodes
Now, materials scientists from the California Nanosystems Institute at UCLA have discovered a way to make organic semiconductors more powerful and more efficient.
a nanomaterial consisting of graphite that is extremely thin measuring the thickness of a single atom.
and understand the intrinsic spin of electrons to advance nanoscale electronics is hampered by how hard it is to measure tiny, fast magnetic devices.
if perfected, could lead to a novel tabletop magnetic measurement technique and new, nanoscale electronic devices based on electrical spin, rather than charge.
Wee talking about nanometers and picoseconds. Scientists have been unable to directly image magnetic motion in nanoscale spintronic devices without hugely expensive X-ray sources at national facilities.
In their own labs, the best they could do was infer magnetic properties from electrical measurements.
such as fabricating gold antennae to excite thermal excitations confined to nanoscale dimensions o
#Restoring vision with stem cells Researchers have succeed in producing photoreceptors from human embryonic stem cells Age-related macular degeneration (AMRD) could be treated by transplanting photoreceptors produced by the directed differentiation of stem cells,
member of the California Nanosystems Institute, is renowned a world innovator of solar cell technology whose team in recent years has developed next-generation solar cells constructed of perovskite,
The study was published online in the journal Nature Nanotechnology. Postdoctoral scholar Jingbi You and graduate student Lei Meng from the Yang Lab were the lead authors on the paper. here has been much optimism about perovskite solar cell technology
Hasan method, developed at the University Nanoscience Centre, works by suspending tiny particles of graphene in a arriersolvent mixture,
semiconducting and insulating nanoparticles. Currently, printed conductive patterns use a combination of poorly conducting carbon with other materials, most commonly silver,
Richard Howe and Zongyin Yang of the Hybrid Nanomaterials Engineering group at CGC, in collaboration with Novalia, tested the method on a typical commercial printing press,
and engineering, allowing researchers to open new windows into phenomena as vast as the universe and as small as nanoparticles.
DNA NANOSTRUCTURES: Conducting nanoscale biomolecular research could lead to low-cost DNA sequencing technologies, and in turn create targeted drug delivery systems
and help explain the molecular causes of disease. Alternative energy Solutions/New Materials Research: Finding new and more efficient solutions to energy harvesting, nanoporous membranes for water desalinization, solar thermal fuels and more.
Now, a group of researchers funded by The swiss National Science Foundation have developed a new memristor prototype, based on a slice of perovskite just 5 nanometres thick.
even in presence of anticoagulants A nanofiber hydrogel infused with snake venom may be the best material to stop bleeding quickly, according to Rice university scientists.
The Rice researchers combined batroxobin with their synthetic, self-assembling nanofibers, which can be loaded into a syringe
which rely on the creation of precise kinds of nanoscale textures on the surface, this system makes use of the tiny irregularities that naturally exist on a metal surface
#Nanotechnology could spur new heart treatment for arrthymia A new nanoparticle developed by University of Michigan researchers could be the key to a targeted therapy for cardiac arrhythmia,
The new treatment uses nanotechnology to precisely target and destroy the cells within the heart that cause cardiac arrhythmia.
The major challenge of adapting the therapy to heart cells was developing a nanoparticle small enough to penetrate the tiny pores inside heart capillaries,
we used nanoparticles that were about 120 nanometers in size, says Kopelman. o work inside the heart,
but was only 6 nanometers in size. Incredibly tiny even by nanotechnology standards the particle had to pack in the light sensitivity chemical,
an amino acid that causes it to be absorbed only by a specific type of heart muscle cells,
The particle has eight nanoscale tentacles, offering plenty of points to attach the chemicals needed for the process.
The team tested a treatment that delivers the photo sensitizing chemical (made from algae) to the targeted cells by injecting nanoparticles loaded with both the chemical
and an amino acid-based peptide that causes the nanoparticles to be taken up only by the targeted cells.
The low-level light destroys only the cells that have absorbed the nanoparticles leaving the other heart cells unharmed.
The team is also working to devise a method for producing larger quantities of the nanoparticles at pharmaceutical-grade standards.
Advances in nanomaterials however, could make analysis of genetic material possible at a much lower cost.
if they could come up with a new paper device with such nanomaterials to test DNA without the use of high-tech facilities.
#Researchers build nanoscale autonomous walking machine from DNA Researchers at The University of Texas at Austin have developed a nanoscale machine made of DNA that can randomly walk in any direction across bumpy surfaces.
The study by researchers Cheulhee Jung, Peter B. Allen and Andrew Ellington, published this week in the journal Nature Nanotechnology,
Previously, nanoparticle walkers were only able to walk on precise and programmed one-and two-dimensional paths.
and its movement in a random fashion is different from movement seen in other studies. his is an important step forward in developing nanoscale nucleic acid machines that can autonomously act under a variety of conditions,
NA nanotechnology is especially interesting because it explores the world of atter computers, where computations (including walking) are carried out by physical objects, rather than by electronic or magnetic shuttles.
There also may be implications for future delivery of nanoscale therapeutics. Although it may be a long march from diagnosing cancer to curing it,
The study demonstrated that as the nanoscale machine walked, it did not go over the same area twice e
and then recombine them to produce holograms and nanopatterns, "Butt told Phys. org.""Here we use only a single beam,
#Tilted nanomagnets open door for advances in computing The research, published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,
In its latest research, the team discovered that by tilting the nanomagnets slightly they could be aligned in close proximity yet retain the desired properties. e found that by tilting the magnet-just 2 degrees was enough-you get all the benefits of a high-density magnetic switch without the need for an external magnetic field,
nonvolatile computer memory, said James Tour, professor of materials science, nanoengineering and computer science at Rice university. While current flash technology requires three electrodes per circuit,
including a method for controlling the size of the nanopores, and fabricating a dense enough crossbar device to address individual bits t
These microcapsules, in turn, are packed with nanoparticles that can be filled with drugs. The university said in a statement that the microcapsules stick halfway out of the film, on the side of the film that touches a patient skin.
The drugs release slowly from the nanoparticles and are stored in the microcapsules. When the elastic film is stretched
After being stretched, the microcapsule is refilled by the drugs that continue to leak out of the nanoparticles. his can be used to apply drugs directly to sites on the skin
or nanowires. Incoming light bouncing between individual silicon nanowires cannot escape the complex structure, making the material darker than dark.
Rather than laying down layers of black silicon on top of a clear backdrop, Jiang and his team took a bottom-up approach to generate their lenses.
and etched silicon nanowires in the areas between aluminium rings. They then seeped a polymer between the silicon nanowire pillars.
After the plastic support solidified, they etched away the silicon backing, leaving bull-eye patterned black silicon embedded in supple plastic.
Called sol-gel thin film, it is made up of a single layer of silicon atoms and a nanoscale self-assembled layer of octylphosphonic acid.
#Optimal particle size for anticancer nanomedicines discovered Nanomedicines consisting of nanoparticles for targeted drug delivery to specific tissues
Understanding the interdependency of physiochemical properties of nanomedicines in correlation to their biological responses and functions is crucial for their further development of as cancer-fighters.
To develop next generation nanomedicines with superior anticancer attributes we must understand the correlation between their physicochemical properties--specifically particle size
There has been a major push recently in the field to miniaturize nanoparticle size using novel chemistry
While most current approved anticancer nanomedicines'sizes range from 100-200 nm recent studies showed that anticancer nanomedicines with smaller sizes--specifically of 50 nm
Our studies show clear evidence that there is an optimal particle size for anticancer nanomedicines resulting in the highest tumor retention.
To further develop insight into the size dependency of nanomedicines in tumor accumulation and retention the researchers developed a mathematical model of the spatiotemporal distribution of nanoparticles within a spherically symmetric tumor.
The results are extremely important to guide the future research in designing new nanomedicines for cancer treatment Cheng noted
In addition a new nanomedicine developed by the Illinois researchers--with precisely engineered size at the optimal size range--effectively inhibited a human breast cancer
and prevented metastasis in animals showing promise for the treatment of a variety of cancers in humans.
Cheng a Willett Faculty Scholar at Illinois is affiliated with the departments of Bioengineering and of Chemistry the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory the Institute of Genomic Biology the Frederick
Zhong Lin Wang and his research group pioneered the field of piezoelectric nanogenerators for converting mechanical energy into electricity.
Ultimately Zhong Lin Wang notes the research could lead to complete atomic-thick nanosystems that are powered self by harvesting mechanical energy from the environment.
but these DNA replication mechanisms consist of tens of thousands of amino acids The entire structure is about 20-nanometers across compared to 4 nanometers for an average protein.
Electronics based on carbon especially carbon nanotubes (CNTS) are emerging as successors to silicon for making semiconductor materials.
and optimization of the device which is based on a phosphor screen and single-walled carbon nanotubes as electrodes in a diode structure.
They assembled the device from a mixture liquid containing highly crystalline single-walled carbon nanotubes dispersed in an organic solvent mixed with a soap-like chemical known as a surfactant.
Under a strong electric field the cathode emits tight high-speed beams of electrons through its sharp nanotube tips--a phenomenon called field emission.
We have found that a cathode with highly crystalline single-walled carbon nanotubes and an anode with the improved phosphor screen in our diode structure obtained no flicker field emission current and good brightness homogeneity Shimoi said.
In recent years carbon nanotubes have emerged as a promising material of electron field emitters owing to their nanoscale needle shape and extraordinary properties of chemical stability thermal conductivity and mechanical strength.
Highly crystalline single-walled carbon nanotubes (HCSWCNT) have nearly zero defects in the carbon network on the surface Shimoi explained.
The resistance of cathode electrode with highly crystalline single-walled carbon nanotube is very low. Thus the new flat-panel device has compared smaller energy loss with other current lighting devices
Threading a DNA molecule through a tiny hole called a nanopore in a sheet of graphene allows researchers to read the DNA sequence;
Ideally you would want to step the DNA through the nanopore one nucleotide at a time said Aksimentiev.
The researchers found that a positive charge in the graphene speeds up DNA movement through the nanopore
The next step is to combine a charged nanopore setup with a sensor to build a DNA sequencing device that would incorporate both motion control and nucleotide recognition.
and Chinese researchers show how a unique nano-alloy composed of palladium nano-islands embedded in tungsten nanoparticles creates a new type of catalysts for highly efficient oxygen reduction the most important reaction in hydrogen fuel cells.
The size of the islands are about one nanometer in diameter and are composed of 10-20 atoms that are segregated to the surface.
To stabilize the nanoparticles in practical applications they are anchored on ordered mesoporous carbon. The anchoring keep the nanoparticles stable over long time by hindering them from fusing together in the fuel cell tests.
The unique formation of the material is based on a synthesis method which can be performed in an ordinary kitchen microwave oven purchased at the local supermarket.
#Bio-inspired nano-cocoons offer targeted drug delivery against cancer cells Biomedical engineering researchers have developed a drug delivery system consisting of nanoscale ocoonsmade of DNA that target cancer cells
or ball of yarn that measures 150 nanometers across. The core of the nano-cocoon contains the anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX) and a protein called DNASE.
and his colleagues applied a nanolayer of copper onto one side of a polymer separator creating a novel third electrode halfway between the anode and the cathode.
The copper coating on the polymer separator is only 50 nanometers thick about 500 times thinner than the separator itself said Wu a postdoctoral fellow in the Cui group.
Naturally found in a spherical shape NTU Singapore developed a simple method to turn titanium dioxide particles into tiny nanotubes that are a thousand times thinner than the diameter of a human hair.
This nanostructure is what helps to speeds up the chemical reactions taking place in the new battery allowing for superfast charging.
With our nanotechnology electric cars would be able to increase their range dramatically with just five minutes of charging
However Prof Chen's new cross-linked titanium dioxide nanotube-based electrodes eliminate the need for these additives
Manufacturing this new nanotube gel is very easy Prof Chen added. Titanium dioxide and sodium hydroxide are mixed together and stirred under a certain temperature.
#Nanoparticles can act like liquid on the outside, crystal on the inside A surprising phenomenon has been found in metal nanoparticles:
They appear from the outside to be liquid droplets wobbling and readily changing shape while their interiors retain a perfectly stable crystal configuration.
The research team behind the finding led by MIT professor Ju Li says the work could have important implications for the design of components in nanotechnology such as metal contacts for molecular electronic circuits.
The experiments were conducted at room temperature with particles of pure silver less than 10 nanometers across--less than one-thousandth of the width of a human hair.
or 1763 degrees Fahrenheit--so observation of any liquidlike behavior in its nanoparticles was unexpected quite Li says.
The use of nanoparticles in applications ranging from electronics to pharmaceuticals is a lively area of research;
while the exterior of the metal nanoparticles appears to move like a liquid only the outermost layers--one
Now that the phenomenon has been understood researchers working on nanocircuits or other nanodevices can quite easily compensate for it Li says.
If the nanoparticles are protected by even a vanishingly thin layer of oxide the liquidlike behavior is eliminated almost completely making stable circuits possible.
Possible benefitson the other hand for some applications this phenomenon might be useful: For example in circuits where electrical contacts need to withstand rotational reconfiguration particles designed to maximize this effect might prove useful using noble metals
That crossover he says takes place at about 10 nanometers at room temperature--a size that microchip manufacturers are approaching as circuits shrink.
which revealed for the first time shape recovery of silver nanocrystals in the absence of dislocation...Li's interpretation of the experiments using atomistic modeling illustrates recent progress in comparing experiments
In a new study engineers from Duke increased the photon emission rate of fluorescent molecules to record levels by sandwiching them between metal nanocubes and a gold film.
In the experiment her group manufactured 75-nanometer silver nanocubes and trapped light between them greatly increasing the light's intensity.
The researchers found they could achieve a significant speed improvement by placing fluorescent molecules in a gap between the nanocubes and a thin film of gold.
and Chair of Electrical and Computer engineering at Duke they used computer simulations to determine the exact size of the gap needed between the nanocubes
and make the gaps literally with nanometer precision said Gleb Akselrod a postdoc in Mikkelsen's lab and first author on the study.
They plan to design a system with individual fluorescent molecule placed precisely underneath a single nanocube.
#DNA nanofoundries cast custom-shaped metal nanoparticles Researchers at the Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard university have unveiled a new method to form tiny 3d metal nanoparticles in prescribed shapes
The ability to mold inorganic nanoparticles out of materials such as gold and silver in precisely designed 3d shapes is a significant breakthrough that has the potential to advance laser technology microscopy solar cells electronics environmental testing disease
We built tiny foundries made of stiff DNA to fabricate metal nanoparticles in exact three-dimensional shapes that we digitally planned
The paper's findings describe a significant advance in DNA NANOTECHNOLOGY as well as in inorganic nanoparticle synthesis Yin said.
For the very first time a general strategy to manufacture inorganic nanoparticles with user-specified 3d shapes has been achieved to produce particles as small as 25 nanometers or less with remarkable precision (less than 5 nanometers.
A sheet of paper is approximately 100000 nanometers thick. The 3d inorganic nanoparticles are conceived first and meticulously planned using computer design software.
Using the software the researchers design three-dimensional frameworks of the desired size and shape built from linear DNA sequences
It is this ability to design arbitrary nanostructures using DNA manipulation that inspired the Wyss team to envision using these DNA structures as practical foundries or molds for inorganic substances.
Just as any expanding material can be shaped inside a mold to take on a defined 3d form the Wyss team set out to grow inorganic particles within the confined hollow spaces of stiff DNA NANOSTRUCTURES.
and expanded to fill all existing space within the DNA framework resulting in a cuboid nanoparticle with the same dimensions as its mold with the length width
Next researchers fabricated varied 3d polygonal shapes spheres and more ambitious structures such as a 3d Y-shaped nanoparticle and another structure comprising a cuboid shape sandwiched between two spheres proving that structurally-diverse
nanoparticles could be shaped using complex DNA mold designs. Given their unthinkably small size it may come as a surprise that stiff DNA molds are proportionally quite robust and strong able to withstand the pressures of expanding inorganic materials.
Although the team selected gold seedlings to cast their nanoparticles there is a wide range of inorganic nanoparticles that can be shaped forcibly through this process of DNA nanocasting.
A very useful property is that once cast these nanoparticles can retain the framework of the DNA mold as an outer coating enabling additional surface modification with impressive nanoscale precision.
For particles that would better serve their purpose by being as electrically conducive as possible such as in very small nanocomputers
and re-imagined for the nanomanufacturing of inorganic materials said Don Ingber Wyss Institute founding director.
#Plasmonic paper for detecting trace amounts of chemicals, pollutants and more Using a common laboratory filter paper decorated with gold nanoparticles,
Plasmonics involves the control of light at the nanoscale using surface plasmons, which are coordinated waves,
Localized surface plasmons of metal nanostructures result in unique optical properties with characteristics that depend upon the metal composition,
Tian and Singamaneni created their plasmonic paper by immersing common cellulosic filter paper into a solution of gold nanoparticles.
#Smallest world record has ndless possibilitiesfor bionanotechnology Scientists from the University of Leeds have taken a crucial step forward in bionanotechnology a field that uses biology to develop new tools for science technology and medicine.
Importantly, the new technique can use these lipid membranes to'draw'--akin to using them like a biological ink--with a resolution of 6 nanometres (6 billionths of a meter
which is an imaging process that has a resolution down to only a fraction of a nanometer
in order to create nanostructures and to'draw'substances onto nano-sized regions. The latter is called'nanolithography 'and was used the technique by Evans and his team in this research.
The ability to controllably'write 'and'position'lipid membrane fragments with such high precision was achieved by George Heath,
#New lab-on-a-chip could revolutionize early diagnosis of cancer Scientists have been laboring to detect cancer and a host of other diseases in people using promising new biomarkers called exosomes.
While the average piece of paper is about 100000 nanometers thick exosomes run just 30 to 150 nanometers in size.
Dubbed the lab-on-a-chip the device promises faster result times reduced costs minimal sample demands and better sensitivity of analysis when compared with the conventional bench-top instruments now used to examine the tiny biomarkers.
A lab-on-a-chip shrinks the pipettes test tubes and analysis instruments of a modern chemistry lab onto a microchip-sized wafer Zeng said.
Zeng and his fellow researchers have developed the lab-on-a-chip for early detection of lung cancer--the number-one cancer killer in the U s. Today lung cancer is detected mostly with an invasive biopsy after tumors are larger than 3 centimeters in diameter and even
Using the lab-on-a-chip lung cancer could be detected much earlier using only a small drop of a patient's blood.
Zeng said the prototype lab-on-a-chip is made of a widely used silicone rubber called polydimethylsiloxane and uses a technique called on-chip immunoisolation.
Beyond lung cancer Zeng said the lab-on-a-chip could be used to detect a range of potentially deadly forms of cancer.
#Nanoribbon film keeps glass ice-free Rice university scientists who created a deicing film for radar domes have refined now the technology to work as a transparent coating for glass.
atom-thick strips of carbon created by splitting nanotubes, a process also invented by the Tour lab
This scanning electron microscope image shows the network of conductive nanoribbons in Rice university's high-density graphene nanoribbon film.
A o. Raji/Rice university Last year the Rice group created films of overlapping nanoribbons and polyurethane paint to melt ice on sensitive military radar domes,
The new films are between 50 and 200 nanometers thick--a human hair is about 50,000 nanometers thick
This scanning electron microscope image shows a closeup of the nanoribbon network in Rice university's high-density graphene nanoribbon film.
the nanoribbons were mixed with polyurethane, but testing showed the graphene nanoribbons themselves formed an active network when applied directly to a surface.
"He said nanoribbon films also open a path toward embedding electronic circuits in glass that are both optically and RF transparent.
and Vladimir Volman, an engineer at Lockheed martin. Tour is the T. T. and W. F. Chao Chair in Chemistry as well as a professor of materials science and nanoengineering and of computer science.
He is a member of the Richard E. Smalley Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology.
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