and requires greater amounts of energy in the production process. The upshot of this is that a lower proportion of plastic waste is recycled compared with other materials:
However, it should be pointed out that Europe also uses plastic waste as an energy source, and so, together, energy recovery and recycling use up more than half of the Union's plastic waste.
Going with the flow The variability in the quality of inputs also leads to major fluctuations in the viscosity,
and applies ultrasonic energy to the melt as and when required.""The ultrasonic technology is used to control the flow of the plastic through the production line
an ultra-strong alloy with deformation properties can be manufactured with improved energy efficiency, offering a huge industrial potential.
There are other areas where these ultra-strong steels could be used, like high temperature energy production, where they resist oxidation
which means less energy and carbon dioxide use than traditional technologies: the low casting thickness 8 to 15 mm compared to 200 to 250 mm for conventional continuous casting-means it is possible to save up to 75%during casting, heating and rolling.
#SMARTFIRE#Reducing energy consumption in steel mills SMARTFIRE Reducing energy consumption in steel mills The reheating process in steel mills prepares metal stock, such as steel plates for hot rolling by heating them to a target temperature.
However, reheating is an energy-intensive process where the costly energy consumption of furnaces is of increasing concern as it also impacts on the environment and indeed, the profitability of steel mills.
air-to-fuel ratio, furnace zone temperatures and energy distribution. Qualitative evaluations of the SMARTFIRE results have been carried out
The consortium has reported net energy savings of between 1 and 3, %scale reduction of some 4%as well as yield and quality improvement due to better temperature regulation.
According to Andrews, the benefits of SMARTFIRE can contribute to Europe's competitiveness due to associated energy savings, increased quality and productivity."
"Any fuel energy and cost savings will be accompanied by reductions in emissions such as carbon dioxide. These savings also increase profitability
Within 42 months thisambitious initiative intends to build a plantcapable of producing electricity heat coolingand desalinated water by using solar energyintegrated with other energy sources whichare available locally.
The Concentrating Solar power (CSP) technologydue to be used in the plant has beendeveloped by ENEA the Italian national agencyfor new technologies energy and sustainableeconomic development.
and industrial residues. he thermal energy produced in this plantwill be the energy source in a desalinationunit as well as for the heating
and coolingof the surrounding areasays MATS Projectco-ordinator Fabrizio Fabrizi. he plant willproduce energy n demanddue to theintegration with a backup system containingvarious alternative fuels.
Energy; and Environment (includingclimate change. Established in 2010 and due to continue until2014 the project is focused on developing ahighly integrated multipurpose refinery.
These will include a 30%improvement in costefficiencya 30%reduction in energy use andzero waste production.
hese post-combustion processes are very energy intensive, mainly due to the energy required for regenerating the chemicals used in the capture operation,
explains project coordinator Marie Bysveen, Executive vice-president of SINTEF Energy Research in Norway. ew pre-combustion technologies,
on the other hand, remove the carbon from fuel before combustion and produce hydrogen, which is much more energy efficient,
%The new solutions developed by the DECARBIT team could also see the use of CCS technologies in other energy-intensive industries.
Luigi Chiesabio-mass processing is highly innovative resulting in the production of energy and oxygenated chemicals.
and increase the internal EU energy supply. It will also enhance the competitiveness of European industry by providing business opportunities.
using concentrated light as a high-temperature energy source. The project is still at the experimental stage,
sustainable sources of energy will remain a priority under Horizon 2020, the seven-year EU research and innovation programme launched on Jan 1, 2014.
In the call Competitive Low-Carbon Energy published on December 11 last year, the Commission proposed investing#732 million over two years in this area.
Applications for this kind of materials mix can be found in diverse domains such as the pharmaceutical industry, the food and processing industry, energy production or systems biology.
Strategic partners from the academic and industrial sectors, namely FLSMIDTH (Germany), the Lithuanian Energy Institute (Lithuania) and Paul Wurth (Luxembourg), also made significant contributions thanks to their expertise
Many of the signatory companies have set their own renewable energy and energy efficiency goals. Ikea, for example, has set a goal to use 100 percent renewable energy for its global facilities by 2020
has helped its commercial real estate clients reduce their greenhouse gas emissions by 12 million metric tons while saving them $2. 5 billion in energy costs over the past seven years.
and Coca-cola Enterprises signed a letter to support a#robust#2030 energy and climate policy for European union states a
with currently approximately three quarters of the city greenhouse gas output stemming from energy expended to heat,
including schools and public housing, with any significant energy use which amounts to approximately 3, 000 buildings.
and stimulate demand for jobs in the construction and energy services sectors. ne City: Built to Lasttherewith explicitly links building efficiency improvements to other key city goals of reducing social inequality
and accelerate the City efforts to implement energy efficiency and renewable energy across its own municipal building portfolio.
Nonetheless, a thriving, self-sustaining private sector market for energy efficiency upgrades and renewable energy generation will be essential if New york city is to achieve its goals.
Overall, New york city recently released ne City, Built to Lastten-year plan sets a new standard for major cities aiming to pursue energy efficiency.
and accelerate building energy efficiency projects. Although the plan doesn spell out yet how exactly New york city will push the private sector to act in case voluntary action doesn result in the intended uptake
with some groups wary of leaving too much of the plan to market forces, this effort is a clear example of the concerted and decisive action needed from cities as the world key consumers of energy.
Cities consume two-thirds of the world s energy according to the UN. To address the escalating demands of existing and future residents cities are looking for ways to introduce more technology to become smarter about the use of limited resources The Smart cities USA pilot project will give San jos residents real-time local data that can
Such measurement data will produce meaningful insights that will lead to improvements in air quality noise transportation efficiency environmental sustainability health and energy efficiency.
##The RRS device works by measuring changes in energy levels of electrons in molecules after the laser has excited them.
We realized that no one had kept ever proper track of the neuronal energy being used and all of the ions the charged atoms going into and out of brain cells.
They kept track of the energy required to run a nerve cell and kept count of the ions passing into and out of the cells.
The energy supply is linked directly to oxygen concentrations around the cell and the energy required to restore the ions to their proper places is much greater after seizures
or migraines We know that some people get both seizures and migraines says Schiff. Certainly the same brain cells produce these different events
One way that Staphylococcus aureus and other pathogens can become resistant to antibiotics is to change the way they generate energy
Mitochondria are structures within cells that produce energy and that contain their own DNA. any mitochondrial diseases affect more than one system in the human body,
professor of biology at Penn State and one of the study primary investigators. hey affect organs that require a lot of energy,
Mitochondria are the microscopic energy source for each cell in the body and ordinarilyâ##like a well-tuned car engineâ##they burn fuels including fats
minimizing power consumption is a critical consideration in moving hearing-aid device technology forward, Hall says. This technology may be a boon for people who are hearing impaired in the future.
such as those that may be relevant to energy applications and the production of probiotics. The technique, says Ismagilov,
A thin, circular antenna spans the perimeter of the deviceoughly tracing a person irisnd harnesses enough energy from the surrounding field to power a small pressure sensor chip.
Because terahertz waves are much smaller in energy than visible light finding materials that absorb and turn them into useful electronic signals has been a challenge Kono says.
STARVING KILLS DAMAGED CELLS hen you starve, the system tries to save energy, and one of the things it can do to save energy is to recycle a lot of the immune cells that are needed not,
especially those that may be damaged, Longo says. hat we started noticing in both our human work
Near-field waves can be used safely in wireless power systems. Some current medical devices like hearing implants use near-field technology.
The National security Science and Engineering Faculty Fellowship of Energy the Korean Foundation for International Cooperation of Science and Technology,
A National Energy technology Laboratory grant supported the research
#Silly Putty component helps build carpet for stem cells The sponginess of the environment where human embryonic stem cells are growing affects the type of specialized cells they eventually become, a new study shows.
by measuring changes in energy levels of electrons in molecules after the laser has excited them.
which store energy quickly as static charge and release it in a burst. Though they don t store as much energy as an electrochemical battery they have long lifespans
and are in wide use because they can deliver far more power than a battery. The researchers built supercapacitors with the films;
Work at the Molecular Foundry received support from the Office of Science Office of Basic energy Sciences of the US Department of energy.
This result the researchers observe reflects enthalpic attraction#the adhesive energy generated by the higher temperatures and stimulating bonding between the particles.
#How energy loss can make lasers more intense Washington University in St louis rightoriginal Studyposted by Tony Fitzpatrick-WUSTL on October 20 2014energy loss in optical systems such as lasers is a chief hindrance
or light packets to achieve optical gain. his turns the conventional textbook understanding of lasers upside down. ut now scientists have demonstrated a more effective#yet counterintuitive#way to reap energy gains:
In other words they ve invented a way to win by losing. oo much of something can be really detrimentalsays Sahin Kaya Ozdemir a research scientist at Washington University in St louis. f you pump in more energy to get more laser intensity
and systems engineering. nstead of the standard method of adding more energy into the system we re offering a more energy-efficient method. ang says that
#This fusion reactor could be cheaper than coal University of Washington Posted by Michelle Ma-Washington on October 16 2014fusion energy almost sounds too good to be true#zero greenhouse gas emissions no long-lived radioactive waste a nearly unlimited fuel supply.
#while producing five times the amount of energy. Jarboe and colleagues factored the cost of building a fusion reactor power plant using their design
#and ultimately wearable. his material#just a single layer of atoms#could be made as a wearable device perhaps integrated into clothing to convert energy from your body movement to electricity
and power wearable sensors or medical devices or perhaps supply enough energy to charge your cell phone in your pocketsays James Hone professor of mechanical engineering at Columbia University
The US Department of energy Office of Basic energy Sciences and National Science Foundation funded the project. Source:
when it's under stresssays coauthor Chia-Hong Tsai a doctoral candidate in the Michigan State-department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory
and department of plant biology. hey go into quiescence to conserve energy and nutrients. That's when they produce the equivalent of vegetable oil.
The result is a hybrid material that could make it much cheaper to generate energy with fuel cells.
or energy fed into it but only does so in bursts Herrmann explains. Experts call this self-organized criticality.
In mathematical terms it is a scale-free energy distribution that follows a power law. Conventional computer models have been able to qualitatively reconstruct this statistic size distribution
Using a supercomputer the team was able to show that the model consistently generated correct results even when changing details such as the number of flux tubes or the energy of the plasma.
which the energy state of electrons is described with electronic materials. In particular the researchers examined surfaces of constant energy as these determine the conductivity of the material and its application potential.
Ensslin makes another comparison to demonstrate the mathematical concept behind these energy surfaces: magine a hilly landscape in which the valleys fill up with electrical charges
just as the water level rises between the hills when it rains. his is how a conductive material is formed from an initial isolator
But the difference between electron energy levels for the standard polymer-fullerene is large enough that electron transfer between them is difficult.
PID2 has energy levels in between the other two and acts as an intermediary in the process. t s like a stepyu says. hen it s too high it s hard to climb up
which to develop high-efficiency organic photovoltaic devices to meet the nation s future energy needschen adds.
Since pretty much any material can be deposited on the scaffolds the method could be particularly useful for applications in optics energy efficiency and biomedicine.
This approach to miniaturization would have another benefit dramatically reducing power consumption because a single chip draws so much less power than conventional radios.
a receiving antenna that also scavenges energy from incoming electromagnetic waves; a transmitting antenna to broadcast replies
Arbabian has used these prototypes to prove that the devices work they can receive signals harvest energy from incoming radio signals
As a consequence thermoplastic forming BMGS don t require massive amounts of energy. From there Schroers focused on producing BMGS in sheets.
#Sensor device grabs energy in odd places University of Washington Posted by Michelle Ma-Washington on September 4 2014scientists have built a new power harvester that uses natural fluctuations in temperature
The device harvests energy in any location where these temperature changes naturally occur powering sensors that can check for water leaks
which could provide another source of energy for certain applicationssays Shwetak Patel associate professor of computer science and engineering and of electrical engineering at the University of Washington.
A temperature change of only 0. 25 degrees Celsius creates enough energy to power the sensor node to read
This protein has two mobile heads that are moved by the energy-rich molecule ATP which supplies the cells of humans
and other life forms with energy and therefore make it the fuel of choice in this artificial system.
Most of these vehicles will run on fuel manufactured at large industrial plants that produce hydrogen by combining very hot steam and natural gas an energy-intensive process that releases carbon dioxide as a byproduct.
and consume energy. dditional researchers from Oak ridge National Laboratory Stanford National Taiwan University of Science
Principal funding came from by the Global climate and Energy project the Precourt Institute for Energy at Stanford and by the US Department of energy.
Past efforts to create similar materials have been disappointing with inefficient energy production or highly colored materials. o one wants to sit behind colored glasssays Richard Lunt an assistant professor of chemical engineering
in order to improve its energy-producing efficiency. Currently it is able to produce a solar conversion efficiency close to 1 percent
It#s this extremely bright emission that can be collected from long distances. e get a large amount of energy into the system in a very short amount of time.
and send that information to your thermostat to help conserve energy. This not-so-distant nternet of Thingsreality would extend connectivity to perhaps billions of devices.
or cords by harnessing energy from existing radio TV and wireless signals in the air. This work takes that a step further by connecting each individual device to the internet
but sustaining the confined energy was challenging because light tends to dissipate at a metal s surface.
#Spinach leaves vibrate to kick off photosynthesis Vibrations deep within spinach leaves enhance the efficiency of photosynthesishe energy conversion process that powers life on our planet.
The discovery could potentially help engineers make more efficient solar cells and energy storage systems. It also injects new evidence into an ongoing uantum biologydebate over exactly how photosynthesis manages to be so efficient.
In the case of natural photosynthesis, that charge separation leads to biochemical energy, explains Jennifer Ogilvie,
and use it to generate electricity or some other useable energy source such as biofuels. CHARGE SEPARATION It takes about one-third of a second to blink your eye.
Ogilvie says. e can look at where the energy is transferring and when the charge separation has occurred.
when the gaps in energy level are close to vibrational frequencies, you can have enhanced charge separation,
which requires huge amounts of energy to maintain a magnetic field with electromagnets, the new method for enriching stable isotopes, called MAGIS (magnetically activated and guided isotope separation), needs little energy due to its use of low-powered lasers and permanent magnets.
The new method, described in a study published in the journal Nature Physics, also has less potential for environmental effects than the chemical process used in producing lithium-7,
where it could make the energy grid more resilient and efficient by creating a large-scale way to store energy for use as needed. he batteries last for about 5,
Renewable energy The batteries could pave the way for renewable energy sources to make up a greater share of the nation energy generation.
With batteries to store surplus energy which can be doled out as needed, that sporadic unreliability could cease to be an issue.?
The solutions are pumped into a cell containing a membrane between the two fluids with electrodes on either side releasing energy.
The design has the advantage of decoupling power from energy. The tanks of electroactive materials can be made as large as neededncreasing the total amount of energy the system can storer the central cell can be tweaked to release that energy faster or slower
altering the amount of power (energy released over time) that the system can generate. Nature energy transfer The team breakthrough centered on the electroactive materials.
While previous battery designs have used metals or toxic chemicals, Narayan and Prakash wanted to find an organic compound that could be dissolved in water.
Such a system would create a minimal impact on the environment and would likely be figured cheap,
and cellular respiration. hese are the types of molecules that nature uses for energy transfer, Narayan says.
The Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy Open-Funding Opportunity Announcement program, USC, and the Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute supported the research.
The material shows promise to replace more costly and energy-intensive processes. Natural gas is the cleanest fossil fuel.
All of this works in ambient temperatures unlike current high-temperature capture technologies that use up a significant portion of the energy being produced.
and produces energy as a byproductnd couples that with an ultrafiltration, air stripping, and a reverse osmosis system. f you have 1, 000 cows on your operation,
The Division of Chemical sciences Geosciences and Biosciences of the Office of Basic energy Sciences of the US Department of energy supported the work.
A transducer turns one form of energy into another. In this case it turns terahertz light into ultrasound waves
because it responds to the energy of individual terahertz light pulses, rather than a continuous stream of T-rays.
#New battery turns wasted heat into energy Stanford university rightoriginal Studyposted by Dan Stober-Stanford on May 22 2014researchers have developed a new battery technology that captures low-temperature waste heat
Researchers have spent decades seeking ways to harness some of this wasted energy. Most such efforts have focused on thermoelectric devicesâ##solid-state materials that can produce electricity from a temperature gradientâ
That extra energy doesn t appear from nowhere explains Cui. It comes from the heat that was added to the system.
The system aims at harvesting heat at temperatures below 100 C which accounts for a major part of potentially harvestable waste heat. ne-third of all energy consumption in the United states ends up as low-grade heatsays co-lead author Yuan
While the new system has a significant advantage in energy conversion efficiency over conventional thermoelectric devices it has a much lower power densityâ##that is the amount of power that can be delivered for a given weight.
or an electric car powered by energy stored in its chassis or a home where the dry wall and siding store the electricity that runs the lights
and Energy Devices Laboratory there. ndrew has managed to make our dream of structural energy storage materials into a realitysays Pint.
which a wide variety of technologies are developed in the future. hen you can integrate energy into the components used to build systems it opens the door to a whole new world of technological possibilities.
Furthermore the mechanical robustness of the device doesn t compromise its energy storage capability. n an unpackaged structurally integrated state our supercapacitor can store more energy
Supercaps must be larger and heavier to store the same amount of energy as lithium-ion batteries.
when considering multifunctional energy storage systems. attery performance metrics change when you re putting energy storage into heavy materials that are needed already for structural integritysays Pint. upercapacitors store ten times less energy than current lithium-ion batteries
The US Department of energy s Advanced Research Project Agency for Energy is investing $8. 7 million in research projects that focus specifically on incorporating energy storage into structural materials.
which is supported by the Office of Basic energy Sciences of the US Department of energy. Source: Vanderbilt Universityyou are free to share this article under the Creative Commons Attribution-Noderivs 3. 0 Unported license m
#eurogrid chips mimic the brain to use less energy Compared to the human brain, today computers are ridiculously slow
and take about 40,000 times more power to run. rom a pure energy perspective, the brain is hard to match,
explains Boahen. chieving this level of energy efficiency while offering greater configurability and scale is the ultimate challenge neuromorphic engineers face.
#To save energy, computers go for good enough Purdue University rightoriginal Studyposted by Emil Venere-Purdue on December 23 2013computers capable of pproximate computingcould potentially double efficiency
and reduce energy use. Researchers are developing computers that could perform calculations good enough for certain tasks that don t require perfect accuracy. he need for approximate computing is driven by two factors:
and saps energy. f I asked you to divide 500 by 21 and I asked you
They often compute to the same level of accuracy all the time. urdue researchers have developed a range of hardware techniques to demonstrate approximate computing showing a potential for improvements in energy efficiency.
what we have seen is that we can easily double energy efficiency. n other recent work led by former doctoral student Vinay K. Chippa the Purdue team fabricated an approximate cceleratorfor recognition
As it moves along a carbon-nanotube track it continuously harvests energy from strands of RNA molecules vital to a variety of roles in living cells
and use that energy to fuel autonomous walking along the carbon nanotube trackchoi says. The core is made of an enzyme that cleaves off part of a strand of RNA.
000 LED bulbs by stomping one foot One day it may be possible to harvest the otherwise wasted energy of your footsteps
and sensor applicationssays Zhong Lin Wang a professor in the School of Materials science and engineering. his opens up a source of energy by harvesting power from activities of all kinds. n its simplest form the triboelectric generator
The researchers have expanded the range of energy-gathering techniques from ower shirtscontaining pockets of the generating material to shoe inserts whistles foot pedals floor mats backpacks
Their latest paper published in the journal ACS Nano described harvesting energy from the touch pad of a laptop computer.
Called a near broken-gap tunnel field effect transistor (TFET) the new device uses the quantum mechanical tunneling of electrons through an ultrathin energy barrier to provide high current at low voltage.
Various new types of transistor architecture using materials other than the standard silicon are being studied to overcome the power consumption challenge. his transistor has previously been developed in our lab to replace MOSFET transistors for logic applications
so that the energy barrier was close to zeroâ##or near broken gap which allowed electrons to tunnel through the barrier when desired.
We are learning so many rules for calculating things that other people cannot compute in atoms in atomic crystals. he ratio affects the energy of the faces of the crystals
Ratios that don t follow the recipe lead to large fluctuations in energy and result in a sphere not a faceted crystal she explained.
With the correct ratio the energies fluctuate less and result in a crystal every time. magine having a million balls of two colors some red some blue in a container
and energy for all the particles to arrange themselves and find the spots they should be inmirkin says.
when triggered by an external source of energy. However electrons and holes in semiconductors are charged particles
when the so-called Fermi energy is much larger than the thermal energy. When pumped by a strong laser these quantum degenerate particles gathered energy
and released it as light at the Fermi edge: the energy level of the most energetic particles in the system.
As the electrons and holes combined to release photons the edge shifted to lower energy particles
which repaired any cracks within just a few hoursbao says. heir capacity for storing energy is in the practical range now
and from all our data it looks like it s working. esearchers worldwide are racing to find ways to store more energy in the negative electrodes of lithium ion batteries to achieve higher performance while reducing weight.
and the Precourt Institute for Energy at Stanford funded the work. Source: Stanford Universityyou are free to share this article under the Creative Commons Attribution-Noderivs 3. 0 Unported license
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