says a Texas A&m University biomedical engineering researcher who is developing the technology. The wearable technology combines motion sensors and the measurement of electrical activity generated by muscles to interpret hand gestures,
says Roozbeh Jafari, associate professor in the university's Department of Biomedical engineering and researcher at the Center for Remote Health Technologies and Systems.
That mechanism is a gene variant--an allele--found in a part of the genome that controls inflammation.
sequenced the genomes of more than 100 members of a Colombian family affected with early-onset Alzheimer's.
These individuals have a rare gene mutation that leads to full-blown disease around age 49. However, in a few outliers, the disease manifests up to a decade later."
"said co-author Kenneth S. Kosik, co-director of UCSB's Neuroscience Research Institute and a professor in the Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental biology."
"We know they have the mutation. Why are they getting it so much later when the mutation so powerfully determines the early age at onset in most of the family members?
We hypothesized the existence of gene variant actually pushes the disease onset as much as 10 years later."
"Lalli used a statistical genetics approach to determine whether these outliers possess any protective gene variants,
"We know that age is the greatest risk factor for Alzheimer's beyond genetics, "said Lalli,
"Although the gene mutation in the Colombian population is extremely rare, this variant is added not, "he."
#Mathematical'Gingko trees'reveal mutations in single cells that characterize diseases A new interactive analysis program called Gingko has been released that reduces the uncertainty of single-cell analysis
and provides a simple way to visualize patterns in copy number mutations across populations of cells.
and provides a simple way to visualize patterns in copy number mutations across populations of cells.
Mutations come in many forms. For example in the most common type of mutation, variations may exist among individual people--or cells--at a single position in a DNA sequence.
Another common mutation is a copy number variation (CNV), in which large chunks of DNA are deleted
either from or added to the genome. When there are too many or too few copies of a given gene or genes, due to CNVS,
disease can occur. Such mutations have been linked not only with cancer but a host of other illnesses, including autism and schizophrenia.
Researchers can learn a lot by analyzing CNVS in bulk samples--from a tumor biopsy for example--but they can learn more by investigating CNVS in individual cells."
One powerful single-cell analytic technique for exploring CNV is whole genome sequencing. The challenge is that,
web-based program automatically processes sequence data, maps the sequences to a reference genome, and creates CNV profiles for every cell that can then be viewed with a user friendly graphical interface.
In addition, Gingko constructs phylogenetic trees based on the profiles, allowing cells with similar copy number mutations to be grouped together.
what we did with their genetics, "Marie says. For the vast majority of cells in this genome-wide screen, Chelsea Marie was correct;
E. histolytica decimated many thousands of these independent cell cultures. However, a small number of cells seemed to resist the parasite.
but also proof that this cancer-science approach can be used to explore genetic mechanisms of resistance in the field of infectious disease,
#Pancreatic cancer subtypes discovered in largest gene expression analysis of the disease to date Dense surrounding tissue can block drugs from reaching pancreatic cancer tumors,
In the study published in Nature Genetics today, researchers reveal findings of both new subtypes of stroma and two subtypes of pancreatic cancer tumors.
while for some other cancers, we personalize treatment based on an individual patient's tumor genetics or other characteristics,"said the study's senior author Jen Jen Yeh, MD, a UNC Lineberger member and an associate professor and the vice chair for research in the UNC School of medicine Department of Surgery."
They were then able to examine gene expression patterns for each type in tissue samples from five different institutions.
#New molecule found to prevent preterm birth Premature births are linked intimately with inflammation of the uterine tissue, a biological response
#Genome mining effort discovers 19 new natural products in four years It took two postdoctoral researchers, a lab technician,
said University of Illinois microbiology professor William Metcalf, who led the research with U. of I. chemistry professor Wilfred van der Donk."
because we know they are predisposed strongly to have biological activity--antibiotic activity, antiviral activity, herbicidal activity,
"Postdoctoral researcher Kou-San Ju used a technique called"genome mining"to search the genomes of 10,000 strains of actinomycete bacteria for pepm,
a single gene that is required for most types of phosphonate biosynthesis. Postdoctoral researcher Jiangtao Gao then worked with Ju to purify
"Genome mining has previously been used, but only with a few organisms at a time,"Ju said.""We wanted to know
The researchers then sequenced the full genomes of all 278 strains that had the gene.
"In the old days, pharmaceutical companies would have done bioassays on extracts from all 10,000 species, "Metcalf said.
The researchers describe the new findings as a proof of concept that genome mining can be used on a scale that will speed the process of drug discovery,
"Our study shows that genome mining is not only a viable route to new natural products, but that there are a tremendous number of new compounds awaiting discovery from the genomes of microbial strains,
"Ju said d
#New drug-like compounds may improve odds of men battling prostate cancer, researchers find Researchers at Southern Methodist University,
said biochemist Pia D. Vogel, lead author on the scientific paper reporting the discovery. So far there's no approved drug on the market that reverses cancer chemotherapy resistance caused by P-glycoprotein
or P-gp for short, said Vogel, a biochemistry professor at SMU. One potential drug, Tariquidar, is currently in clinical trials,
chemical and biological functions of the protein in the human body, will speed up the drug discovery process
Vogel and her co-authors, SMU biologist John G. Wise, and doctoral candidates Courtney A. Follit and Frances K. Brewer, reported their findings in the journal Pharmacology Research & Perspectives.
and found four that inhibited the biochemical function of P-gp, stopping it in its action.
said biochemist Pia D. Vogel, lead author on the scientific paper reporting the discovery. So far there's no approved drug on the market that reverses cancer chemotherapy resistance caused by P-glycoprotein
or P-gp for short, said Vogel, a biochemistry professor at SMU. One potential drug, Tariquidar, is currently in clinical trials,
chemical and biological functions of the protein in the human body, will speed up the drug discovery process
Vogel and her co-authors, SMU biologist John G. Wise, and doctoral candidates Courtney A. Follit and Frances K. Brewer, reported their findings in the journal Pharmacology Research & Perspectives.
and found four that inhibited the biochemical function of P-gp, stopping it in its action.
By combining nanoscience and biology, researchers led by scientists at University of California, Berkeley, have taken a big step in that direction.
and a variety of biochemical building blocks. The research is a major advance toward synthetic photosynthesis, a type of solar power based on the ability of plants to transform sunlight, carbon dioxide and water into sugars.
Yang said his hybrid inorganic/biological systems give researchers new tools to study photosynthesis --and learn its secrets."
Moore is a professor of chemistry and biochemistry at Arizona State university, where he previously headed the Center for Bioenergy & Photosynthesis. Ultimately,
By combining nanoscience and biology, researchers led by scientists at University of California, Berkeley, have taken a big step in that direction.
and a variety of biochemical building blocks. The research is a major advance toward synthetic photosynthesis a type of solar power based on the ability of plants to transform sunlight, carbon dioxide and water into sugars.
In a roundtable discussion on his recent breakthroughs and the future of synthetic photosynthesis, Yang said his hybrid inorganic/biological systems give researchers new tools to study photosynthesis
Moore is a professor of chemistry and biochemistry at Arizona State university, where he previously headed the Center for Bioenergy & Photosynthesis. Ultimately,
"said Joseph Falkinham, a professor of microbiology in the College of Science and an affiliate of the Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery."
"It's essential that we continue to research basic biology to further understand how cells become cancerous.
#Microbiologists describe new insights into human neurodegenerative disease Microbiology researchers at the University of Georgia studying a soil bacterium have identified a potential mechanism for neurodegenerative diseases.
The UGA research team, led by microbiology professor Lawrence Shimkets, showed for the first time that HSD10 can mitigate oxidative damage."
Mooney--who is also the Robert P. Pinkas Family Professor of Bioengineering at the Harvard John A. Paulson School of engineering
The team included Georg Duda, Ph d.,who a Wyss Associate Faculty member and the director of the Julius Wolff Institute and Professor of Biomechanics and Musculoskeletal Regeneration at Charité--Universitätsmedizin Berlin,
and Wyss Institute Founding Director Donald Ingber, M d.,Ph d.,who is also the Judah Folkman Professor of Vascular Biology at Harvard Medical school and Boston Children's Hospital and Professor of Bioengineering
which was chosen as the Paper of the Week in the Journal of Biological Chemistry, the scientists created novel assays to more accurately measure the brain's energy production.
They found that the genetic mutation associated with Leigh's disease compromised ATP levels, and this reduction of ATP was enough to cause significant cellular dysfunction."
"We really need to understand the basics of cell biology in a normal setting in order to comprehend changes in disease,
#Whole genome-sequencing uncovers new genetic cause for osteoporosis Using extensive genetic data compiled by the UK10K project,
The UK10K project has measured genetic variations in 10,000 individuals in great detail, allowing researchers to correlate rare genetic changes with human disease by comparing the DNA of healthy individuals with those who have health problems.
a biostatistician who is Senior Investigator at the Lady Davis Institute and Associate professor at Mcgill University,
that sophisticated analysis of the genome would reveal those genes associated with disease. The promise for the contribution genetics can make to human health lies in the discovery of novel compounds that can counter the effect of deleterious genetic variants influencing these genes s
#Research breakthrough in fight against muscle wasting diseases It is estimated that half of all cancer patients suffer from a muscle wasting syndrome called cachexia.
which were published in September's print edition of the FASEB Journal (Federation of American Societies for Experimental biology),
and other biomarkers that reflect muscle wasting.''''According to recent studies, the prevalence of cachexia is high,
It was also able to remove bacterial biofilms that typically cause dental disease and was effective at removing soft tissue from bones,
Hervé and Professor Keevil (Centre for Biological sciences, Faculty of Natural and Environmental sciences. The team that conducted the study now forms the basis of the University's Network for Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Prevention (NAMRIP) Strategic Research Group,
Starstream's effectiveness was demonstrated further with the publication of two additional papers--further results on its effectiveness against dental biofilms were published in the Journal of Dental Research,
a leading journal in the field of developmental biology, open up new avenues for design of drugs for ataxia, a motor coordination disorder.
from the Department of Biological sciences and Mechanobiology Institute at NUS, collaborated with researchers from the Yong Loo Lin School of medicine at NUS
by Professor Margit Burmeister of U-M. The research team looked at the biological roles of BNIP
-H in cell lines, primary neuron cultures and zebrafish using molecular genetics, protein biochemistry and high speed imaging.
suggesting that the loss of acetylcholine secretion resulting from BNIP-H mutation could explain some of the symptoms of Cayman ataxia.
which protects the body from harmful mutations and infections. However, scientists had understood not fully RIPK3's role in the immune system.
Patricia A. Martin-Deleon, a reproductive biologist at the University of Delaware, has witnessed this behavior many times in her studies of fertility in mice, the closest genetic model to humans (and with a much faster reproductive cycle.
who Is distinguished the Trustees Professor of Biological sciences at UD. The research, supported by the National institutes of health-National Institute of Child Health and Human Development and the Delaware INBRE program, is published in the Journal of Biological Chemistry.
It is one of the top most viewed articles published online this summer under the Membrane Biology affinity group, according to the editorial offices of the American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular biology.
Understanding what happens in the fertilization process takes a little walk down biological memory lane
a reminder of nature's course that led to most of us. Once the egg is released from an ovary
since individuals carrying mutations of one of a variety of genes account for the largest group of infertile couples."
and Chromosomes,"examining the impact of marijuana on embryonic cells--in The Lancet in 1969, as a master's student at the University of the West indies in her native Jamaica.
and 3d printing techniques to create a custom silicone guide implanted with biochemical cues to help nerve regeneration.
a journal in the field of developmental biology, open up new avenues for design of drugs for ataxia, a motor coordination disorder.
from the Department of Biological sciences and Mechanobiology Institute at NUS, collaborated with researchers from the Yong Loo Lin School of medicine at NUS
by Professor Margit Burmeister of U-M. The research team looked at the biological roles of BNIP
-H in cell lines, primary neuron cultures and zebrafish using molecular genetics, protein biochemistry and high speed imaging.
suggesting that the loss of acetylcholine secretion resulting from BNIP-H mutation could explain some of the symptoms of Cayman ataxia.
#Scientists reveal how stem cells defend against viruses Scientists from the Institute of Molecular and Cell biology (IMCB), a research institute under the Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR),
and VIRAL DNA residing in the host genome. This characteristic property, known as proviral silencing, however, has not been understood fully.
and virus biology that could translate into valuable therapeutic and diagnostic applications Dr Jonathan Loh,
"Fundamental research on human biology seeks to understand crucial biological processes occurring within humans in order to bring advancement in therapeutics
or kill cancer cells MIT biological engineers have developed a modular system of proteins that can detect a particular DNA sequence in a cell
"says James Collins, the Termeer Professor of Medical Engineering and Science in MIT's Department of Biological engineering and Institute of Medical Engineering and Science (IMES)."
whether genetic material has been delivered successfully to cells that scientists are trying to genetically alter. Cells that did not receive the new gene could be induced to undergo cell death
or to study the 3-D structure of normal chromosomes by testing whether two genes located far from each other on a chromosome fold in such a way that they end up next to each other,
the researchers say y
#Silicone vaginal rings deliver antiviral drugs, protect women against HIV Researchers at University Jean Monnet of Saint-Etienne,
or tissue which are telltale signs of DNA mutation or the presence of cellular malfunctions such as cancer.
Jens Biegert and his colleagues at ICFO are currently investigating molecular sensitivity for the identification of cancer biomarkers on the single cell level using all optical techniques in the mid-wave infrared wavelength range g
The researchers used mouse embryonic fibroblast cells to determine biocompatibility; that, along with the fact that the stretchability of gold nanomesh on a slippery substrate resembles the bioenvironment of tissue
the professor of chemical engineering and of bioengineering at Stanford who led the study.""We make it smart by adding molecular tags that act like addresses to send the therapeutic payload where we want it to go."
Next steps Biotechnologists know how to build the complex protein structures they find in nature, but the Stanford team took this further.
and different aspects are licensed to a biotechnology company in which Swartz has a founding interest. The approach is in its early stages
Macdonald, a Canada Research Chair in Islet Biology, associate professor in the University of Alberta's Faculty of medicine & Dentistry and member of the Alberta Diabetes Institute, is the senior author of a landmark study in the Journal of Clinical Investigation.
"For this research, Gonzalez-Esquer worked with Cheryl Kerfeld, the Hannah Distinguished Professor of Structural Bioengineering in the Michigan State university-DOE Plant Research Lab,
BMCS have enormous potential for bioengineering, said Kerfeld, who also is an affiliate of the Berkeley National Laboratory's Physical Biosciences Division."
"We've showed that we can greatly simplify the construction of these factories, "she said."
disassemble on command Scientists have deciphered the genetic code that instructs proteins to either self-assemble or disassemble in response to environmental stimuli, such as changes in temperature, salinity or acidity.
and is the first time that scientists have reported the ability to create biological structures that are programmed readily to assemble
biotechnology and medical treatments.""The very simple design rules that we have discovered provide a powerful engineering tool for many biomedical
and biotechnology applications,"said Ashutosh Chilkoti, chair of the Department of Biomedical engineering at Duke.""We can now,
with a flick of a switch and a temperature jump, make a huge range of biological molecules that either assemble or disassemble."
"The study investigated several triggers that can cause protein structures to assemble or break apart, but it primarily focused on heat.
Because the laboratory identified the genetic sequences that encode this behavior, they were able to point out a long list of human proteins that likely exhibit it."
and the biochemistry communities,"said Quiroz.""They'll be able to push the limits of what we know about these kinds of materials
and then go back to explore how biology is already making use of them
#Two-drug combination shows promise against one type of pancreatic cancer One form of pancreatic cancer has a new enemy:
an associate professor in the UF College of Medicine's department of anatomy and cell biology. Finding new treatments is critical
a team of researchers led by Professor Lim Chwee Teck from NUS'Department of Biomedical engineering achieves a significant technological breakthrough by adopting a liquid-based pressure sensing method in the design of such sensors.
Researchers at Unit 1121"Biomaterials and Bioengineering"(Inserm/Strasbourg university) have succeeded in creating a biofilm with antimicrobial, antifungal and anti-inflammatory properties.
A biofilm invisible to the naked eye It is within this context that researchers at the"Bioengineering
and Biomaterials"Unit 1121 (Inserm/Strasbourg University) with four laboratories1 have developed a biofilm with antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties.
Hyaluronic acid, a natural component of the body, was chosen also for its biocompatibility and inhibiting effect on bacterial growth.
#Physiologists uncover a new code at the heart of biology UT Southwestern physiologists trying to understand the genetic code have found a previously unknown code that helps explain which protein should be created to form a particular type of cell.
"Our results uncovered a new'code'within the genetic code. We feel this is quite important, as the finding uncovers an important regulatory process that impacts all biology,
"said Dr. Yi Liu, Professor of Physiology. It was known long that almost every amino acid can be encoded by multiple synonymous codons and that every organism,
"The genetic code of nucleic acids is central to life, as it specifies the amino acid sequences of proteins,
Therefore, the genetic code not only specifies the sequence of amino acids but also the shape of the protein."
This can have important implications for identifying human disease-causing mutations because this study indicates that a mutation does not have to change amino acid identity to cause a disease.
In fact, most mutations in human DNA do not result in amino acid change.""Therefore, our study indicates that the new"code"--the speed limit of assembly--within the genetic code can dictate the ultimate function of a given protein,
"said Dr. Liu u
#Metastatic breast cancer cells turn on stem cell genes It only takes seconds: one cancerous cell breaks off from a tumor, slips into the bloodstream and quickly lodges elsewhere in the body.
These colonizers may bloom into deadly metastatic cancer right away or lie dormant for years, only to trigger a recurrence decades after the primary tumor is removed.
and is now an assistant professor of physiology and biophysics at UC Irvine.""It's a big black box in the cancer field--mostly
In the new paper, the researchers used a technique called patient derived xenograft (PDX), which involves transplanting human tumor cells into mice.
"We were able to look at gene expression at a whole new level of resolution, "Lawson said."
"Metastases show stem cell qualities The team compared patterns of gene expression in human cancer cells lodged in different organs of the PDX mice and found stark differences between early-stage and more advanced metastatic colonies.
In other words, the genetic program that makes a cell metastatic did not depend on the genetics of its tumor of origin--suggesting that new techniques might allow researchers to find
Insights could lead to targeted therapies The research team performed a proof of principle experiment to demonstrate how valuable information about metastatic gene expression could be for drug development.
said Andrei Goga, MD, Phd, professor of cell and tissue biology, and of medicine at UCSF and a co-corresponding author on the new study."
because if you know the genetics of these early metastatic cells you can go after them specifically,
--which a consortium of researchers at UCSF are applying to diverse biological and clinical questions--could have a major impact on the emerging field of precision medicine."
By tweaking the genomes of these viruses, known as bacteriophages, researchers hope to customize them to target any type of pathogenic bacteria.
MIT biological engineers have devised a new mix-and-match system to genetically engineer viruses that target specific bacteria.
says Timothy Lu, an associate professor of electrical engineering and computer science and biological engineering.""These bacteriophages are designed in a way that's relatively modular.
Also, each family of bacteriophages can have a different genome organization and life cycle, making it difficult to engineer them
the researchers combed through databases of phage genomes looking for sequences that appear to code for the key tail fiber section, known as gp17.
they had to create a new system for performing the genetic engineering. Existing techniques for editing viral genomes are fairly laborious,
so the researchers came up with an efficient approach in which they insert the phage genome into a yeast cell,
where it exists as an"artificial chromosome"separate from the yeast cell's own genome.
During this process the researchers can easily swap genes in and out of the phage genome."
"Once we had that method, it allowed us very easily to identify the genes that code for the tails
Other co-authors are UW computer science and neurobiology undergraduate student Darby Losey, UW bioengineering doctoral student Jeneva Cronin, UW bioengineering doctoral student Joseph Wu,
#Scientists discover new system for human genome editing A team including the scientist who first harnessed the revolutionary CRISPR-Cas9 system for mammalian genome editing has identified now a different CRISPR system with the potential for even simpler and more precise
genome engineering. In a study published in Cell, Feng Zhang and his colleagues at the Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard and the Mcgovern Institute for Brain Research at MIT,
describe the unexpected biological features of this new system and demonstrate that it can be engineered to edit the genomes of human cells."
"This has dramatic potential to advance genetic engineering, "said Eric Lander, Director of the Broad Institute and one of the principal leaders of the human genome project."
"The paper not only reveals the function of a previously uncharacterized CRISPR system, but also shows that Cpf1 can be harnessed for human genome editing
and has remarkable and powerful features. The Cpf1 system represents a new generation of genome editing technology."
"CRISPR sequences were described first in 1987 and their natural biological function was described initially in 2010 and 2011.
The application of the CRISPR-Cas9 system for mammalian genome editing was reported first in 2013, by Zhang and separately by George Church at Harvard.
In the new study, Zhang and his collaborators searched through hundreds of CRISPR systems in different types of bacteria,
searching for enzymes with useful properties that could be engineered for use in human cells. Two promising candidates were the Cpf1 enzymes from bacterial species Acidaminococcus and Lachnospiraceae,
leaving'blunt ends'that often undergo mutations as they are rejoined. With the Cpf1 complex the cuts in the two strands are offset, leaving short overhangs on the exposed ends.
This could be an advantage in targeting some genomes, such as in the malaria parasite as well as in humans."
The Zhang lab also offers free online tools and resources for researchers through its website, http://www. genome-engineering. org.
with other enzymes that may be repurposed for further genome editing advances
#Cabozantinib improves survival in patients with advanced kidney cancer: Results from the METEOR trial Patients with advanced kidney cancer live for nearly twice as long without their disease progressing
Pioneered by Associate professor Leo Hwa Liang from the Department of Biomedical engineering at NUS'Faculty of engineering and Dr Jimmy Hon from the Department of Surgery at the NUS Yong Loo Lin School of medicine, this novel invention addresses a clinical gap in the current treatment of mitral valve regurgitation.
a current Biomedical engineering Masters student who is working on the design of the device under the supervision of Assoc Prof Leo,
Overtext Web Module V3.0 Alpha
Copyright Semantic-Knowledge, 1994-2011