QAAFI Director and plant geneticist Professor Robert Henry said a Trailblazer award from The University of Queensland commercialisation arm
with global production of about 650 million tonnes and consumption in a variety of breads across different countries and cultures. rowing global demand for wheat requires ongoing genetic improvement to adapt to changing environmental conditions,
the process involved the successful testing of biological samples for levels of Trypsin and Collagenase,
clinically relevant biomarkers found in high concentration in many human diseases. he samples were placed on the tablet
said Nicholas Hud, a professor in Georgia Tech School of Chemistry and Biochemistry. ith this work,
which also included Martha Grover from Georgia Tech School of Chemical & Biomolecular engineering, has used so far the solvent to assemble three structures,
who is also director of the NSF-NASA Center for Chemical Evolution and associate director of the Parker H. Petit Institute of Bioengineering and Bioscience,
#DNA mutations get harder to hide Rice university researchers have developed a method to detect rare DNA mutations with an approach hundreds of times more powerful than current methods.
Rice researchers David Zhang, an assistant professor of bioengineering, and lead author and graduate student J. Sherry Wang applied their new molecular tools to 44 DNA samples with known cancer-related single-nucleotide variants.
The ability to accurately find mutations that are biomarkers for disease will help clinicians determine treatment paths for patients,
It may also help identify rare mutations and subtypes of infectious diseases as well as drug-resistant strains.
but mutations can leave the body vulnerable to disease, or even be the root cause.
The ability to accurately find rare single-nucleotide mutations is becoming increasingly important as scientists drill down into genomes to find biomarkers for early cancer detection. ee trying to solve the needle-in-a-haystack problem,
how do you detect a very rare mutation in a large pile of healthy DNA molecules?
The needle youe looking for might be a cancer-mutation DNA or bacterial-pathogen DNA,
and leave the probes to seek out mutations in the target DNA. Zhang and Wang carried this hybridization technique a step further as they determined the optimal conditions the window for each experiment, based on simulations.
Tests on amplified human genome samples showed excellent accuracy as well, they said. Zhang noted the technique should lead to significant savings,
especially if youe doing a multiplexed assay that checks for a few hundred different target mutations. he real benefit is still being able to do more specific detection,
basically being able to detect mutations at a much earlier phase when there not as much cancer DNA floating around,
said Edward H. Egelman of the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular genetics. ee discovered what appears to be a basic mechanism of resistance to heat,
to desiccation, to ultraviolet radiation. And knowing that, then, we can go in many different directions, including developing ways to package DNA for gene therapy. inding effective packaging for DNA delivery is important
because the human body has many ways to degrade and remove foreign DNA; that how it combats harmful viruses
because many people have felt that this A-form of DNA is only found in the laboratory under very non-biological conditions,
it appears to be a general mechanism in biology for protecting DNA. gelman and his colleagues were able to crack the mystery only because of the remarkable power of U. Va. new Titan Krios electron microscope.
the massive microscope is insulated within many tons of concrete to provide the stability needed to examine biological samples in previously impossible detail.
Working with Shaoqin arahgong, a UW-Madison professor of biomedical engineering, Cai group addressed two key barriers to using wood-derived materials in an electronics setting:
biocompatible and biodegradable, Gong says. nd, compared to other polymers, CNF actually has a relatively low thermal expansion coefficient.
The trial was funded by the manufacturer of T-VEC, Amgen, and is published in the Journal of Clinical Oncology.
because their infection defences are compromised by genetic errors. UK trial leader Professor Kevin Harrington, Professor of Biological Cancer Therapies at The Institute of Cancer Research, London,
and we also compared multipotent stem cells derived from fallopian tubes and fallopian tube mucosa according to their biological characteristics and therapeutic potential for treatment of autologous reproductive tract injury.
published in Current Biology, could help scientists design therapies to manipulate the cell repair process
The results suggest that adaptive immune signalling pathways important in distinguishing self from non-self in vertebrates appear to have evolved from a more ancient response designed to distinguished amaged selffrom ealthy Self will Wood, Professor of Developmental biology
In cell biology their role is to reduce the effectiveness of two immune checkpoint proteins responsible for telling the immune system to turn off
Chesney and his team, working with the pharmaceutical company Amgen, are taking the success of their trials a step further combining T-VEC with the immune checkpoint inhibitor ipilimumab into a treatment regimen.
researchers from the RIKEN-MIT Center for Neural Circuit Genetics demonstrated in mice that traces of old memories do remain in the amnestic brain,
the researchers used optogenetic technology to selectively activate neurons that were labeled genetically during their training in chamber A with a blue light-sensitive protein,
and will stimulate future research on the biology of memory and its clinical restoration. d
Larger scale gene function studies A relatively new method of targeting specific DNA sequences in zebrafish could dramatically accelerate the discovery of gene function and the identification of disease genes in humans, according to scientists at the National Human genome Research
. a senior investigator with NHGRI Translational and Functional genomics Branch and head of the Developmental Genomics Section. hat we have done is to establish an entire pipeline for knocking out many genes and testing their function quickly in a vertebrate
. Ph d. e anticipate that the techniques developed by NHGRI researchers will accelerate understanding the biological function of specific genes
whose genomes have been sequenced completely. The zebrafish is suited better to larger scale gene editing because about 70 percent of zebrafish genes appear to have human counterparts
Hearing is one of the other interests of Dr. Burgess lab.)This produced mutations in 82 of the 83 genes.
In screening embryos by fluorescent polymerase chain reaction (a technology that allows researchers to produce millions of copies of a specific DNA sequence)
mutations were passed on to the next generation in 28 percent of cases. The transmission rate was higher for some genes than for others,
but in most cases, screening offspring from parent fish should be enough to spot most mutations, the researchers reported.
The results demonstrated that using the CRISPR/Cas9 technique in zebrafish will make it possible to both generate mutants for all genes in the zebrafish genome
they noted in the Genome Research paper. The CRISPR/Cas9 methodology works in mice, too,
you could target every gene in the genome with what would be a relatively modest scientific investment in the low tens of millions of dollars. e
Lieber. his opens up a completely new frontier where we can explore the interface between electronic structures and biology.
which biology works. he idea of merging the biological with the electronic is not a new one for Lieber.
a process common to delivery of many species in biology and medicine you could go to the doctor
an associate professor of chemistry and biochemistry at UC San diego who headed the research effort with Seth Cohen,
chair of UC San diego Department of chemistry and Biochemistry. ntil now, this was the state of the art in terms of how we could document how nanostructures formed.
a UCLA professor of bioengineering and chemistry who is affiliated with CNSI, the multidisciplinary team also included Michel Gilliet of Switzerland Lausanne University Hospital,
#Small changes have large benefits for crop breeding Researchers from The University of Western australia have developed a new method for breeding crops that will improve the potential for long-term, sustainable genetic improvement.
means there can be more accurate selection and shorter generation intervals with more sustainable long-term genetic improvement.
and improved the potential for long-term and sustainable genetic improvement. oupled with new genomic technology, the new breeding method could speed up genetic improvements for desirable traits such as grain quality and yield.
Source: University of Western Australi
#Scientists invent a new method to synthesize highly valuable amines Researchers at The Scripps Research Institute have created a new method for synthesizing minesa class of organic compounds prominent in drugs and other modern products.
#Decades of research yield natural dairy thickener with probiotic potential Microbiologists at Oregon State university have discovered
beginning in the early 1990s when a novel polymer with an ability to rapidly thicken milk was discovered by an OSU microbiologist.
an OSU microbiologist. e discovered that this bacterium had a brand-new, never-before reported grouping of genes that code for a unique polymer that naturally thickens milk.
creating microfluidic channels to control the movement of liquids inside a chemical or biological detector,
and David Beebe, the John D. Macarthur Professor and Claude Bernard professor of biomedical engineering at UW-Madison, the researchers published news of the advance May 1, 2015, in the Royal Society
of Chemistry journal Integrative biology. ee taking the first steps toward mimicking the body in a dish,
She has founded a service-based company called Lynx Biosciences based on these findings, and the company was recently a finalist in the 2015 Wisconsin Governor Business plan Contest.
The work was published online June 3 in Biomaterials and will appear later in print. Study PDF and images:
It is made from gelatin-based biomaterials reinforced with nanoparticles and seeded with cells, and it mimics the anatomical microenvironment of lymphoid tissue.
the Ingalls Professor of Cancer Genetics at the university School of medicine and a medical oncologist at University Hospitals Case Medical center Seidman Cancer Center. e have developed a drug that acts like a vitamin for tissue stem cells,
and Mark Chance, who contributed proteomics expertise for studies that showed how SW033291 works. Other participating investigators also contributed substantially:
#Scientists construct first whole genome sequence of bighorn sheep Geneticists at the University of Alberta have constructed the first whole genome sequence of a bighorn sheep in a new study that could have a significant impact on conservation efforts of the species,
Phd student in the Department of Biological sciences and lead author on the study. hus, there is active interest in how best to manage the species to ensure their long-term survival.
To construct a whole genome sequence, the DNA is first run through a sequencer to identify small strings of building blocks, called nucleotides.
The strings of nucleotides are joined then together to produce a complete picture. he process of ordering the nucleotides into a genome is much like assembling a jigsaw puzzle,
which uses an existing genome sequence as a reference point to streamline the process. ere, one starts with the same jigsaw pieces,
and for genome sequencing this usually results in a much more complete picture being put together in less time than de novo assembly.
In this case, the reference used for alignment was the already complete whole genome sequence of a domestic sheep.
Full genome sequences are still relatively rare; for context, only 108 mammals are listed in the National Center for Biotechnology Information database. ntil recently,
generating a genome sequence of any organism was nearly impossible, notes Miller. The majority of organisms sequenced so far have been domestic laboratory species such as fruit flies or lab mice.
But as Miller notes, this also tends to create an incomplete picture. here is an implicit problem
and cost-effective enough to be useful in obtaining whole genome sequences of wildlife species, like bighorn sheep.
and management actions for at-risk species. Constructing a whole genome sequence of the bighorn sheep will also help by providing a reference for new studies,
These challenges have now been met with a new technique developed by researchers at the Energy Biosciences Institute (EBI
Scown says. y strategically piecing together biological and thermochemical processes, biorefineries can also operate without any fossil-derived inputs. o
. a professor of biomedical engineering, has been working to further develop and apply the technology to other organs beyond the relatively transparent eye.
and paint the cells without affecting their biological function. owever, we were surprised and delighted to discover that we could deliver the necessary quantity to the cells to supplement their oxygen requirements.
is likely to pave the way for the development of a wide range of new biotechnologies.
which looks for specific protein biomarkers to make a diagnosis . Although the IHC approach provides a high degree of spatial recognition,
they are limited mainly to the analysis of lower molecular weight biomolecules. These include metabolites, fatty acids and lipids.
The new droplet-based method developed at ORNL does not share this limitation. he ability to quickly characterize the tissue distribution of larger macromolecular biomarkers like peptides
a member of ORNL Organic and Biological Mass Spectrometry Group and lead author of the paper.
so another lab using genetic engineering created a mouse model to produce antibodies that resemble human antibodies.
and Maria Barna, Phd, assistant professor of developmental biology and genetics at Stanford, co-senior authors of the new study. he dogma in every textbook was that
In lab-dish experiments, mutations in certain genes known as oncogenes, such as Ras and Myc, reliably ransformnormal mouse cells into cancer-like cells the cells overproliferate,
When the scientists used a tool called short-hairpin RNAS to sharply reduce eif4e levels in human lung cancer cells carrying a Ras mutation,
These results were consistent with those seen in eif4e-deficient mice carrying Ras mutations which had reduced a sharply propensity to develop lung cancer compared to mice with a full complement of eif4e.
Most cancer drug development is aimed at specifically targeting faulty proteins caused by mutations in oncogenes such as Ras and Myc,
the implications for human biology are indirect at best. owever, mouse brains have long been accepted as excellent basic research models for the human brain,
bioengineering professor one of authors of the study, said that you just have to mix honey
developed by researchers in the joint UNC/NC State Biomedical engineering Department. A joint effort between diabetes doctors and biomedical engineers could revolutionize how people with diabetes keep their blood sugar levels in checkpainful insulin injections could become a thing of the past for the millions of Americans who suffer from diabetes, thanks to a new invention
biocompatible materials, said co-senior author Zhen Gu, Phd, a professor in the Joint UNC/NC State department of Biomedical engineering.
The new study, published in the journal Nature Chemical Biology, has found that this rare xtrabase,
5fc physical position in the genome makes it likely that it plays a key role in gene activity. his modification to DNA is found in very specific positions in the genome the places which regulate genes,
but the fact that wee demonstrated it can be stable in living tissue shows that it could regulate gene expression and potentially signal other events in cells.
The way these bases are ordered determines the makeup of the genome. In addition to G, C a and T, there are also small chemical modifications,
or epigenetic marks, which affect how the DNA sequence is interpreted and control how certain genes are switched on or off.
The study of these marks and how they affect gene activity is known as epigenetics. 5fc is one of these marks,
making it likely that it plays a key role in the genome. Using high-resolution mass spectrometry,
its position in the genome suggests that it has a key role in the regulation of gene expression.
The research was supported by Cancer Research UK, the Wellcome Trust and the Biotechnology and Biological sciences Research Council UK e
and biologists at UC San diego have succeeded in designing and synthesizing an artificial cell membrane capable of sustaining continual growth, just like a living cell.
an assistant professor of chemistry and biochemistry at UC San diego who headed the research team, which included scientists from the campusbiocircuits Institute. any other scientists have exploited the ability of lipids to self-assemble into bilayer vesicles with properties reminiscent of cellular membranes,
The scientists said in their paper that to develop the growing membrane they substituted a omplex network of biochemical pathways used in nature with a single autocatalyst that simultaneously drives membrane growth.
when supplied with simpler chemical building blocks, said Devaraj. ynthetic cell membranes that can grow like real membranes will be an important new tool for synthetic biology and origin of life studies.
But bacteriophages can also cause potentially harmful side effects, according to James Collins, the Termeer Professor of Medical Engineering and Science in MIT Department of Biological engineering and Institute of Medical Engineering and Science,
The researchers used synthetic biology techniques to develop a platform of particles called phagemids. These particles infect bacteria with small DNA molecules known as plasmids,
The paper demonstrates that using synthetic biology to modify a gene in a phage to make it more toxic to a pathogen can lead to more effective antimicrobial particles than classical approaches,
says Alfonso Jaramillo, a professor of synthetic biology at the University of Warwick in the U k.,
as they are considered not genetically modified organisms, he says. The researchers have created an improved form of phage therapy that may become the antibiotics of the future,
& Biology and will be published in the July 23 issue of the journal print edition. Caltech graduate student Ariel Furst (Phd 5) and her adviser, Jacqueline K. Barton, the Arthur and Marian Hanisch Memorial professor of chemistry, are the paper authors. urrently,
and has demonstrated that it can be used not only to locate DNA mutations but also to detect the presence of proteins such as DNMT1 that bind to DNA.
or ibuprofen reduces the risk of bowel cancer by more than half for people with the genetic mutation causing Lynch syndrome.
At least 1 in 1000 people in the population have the genetic mutation that causes Lynch syndrome.
and the new findings suggest that parasite calcineurin should be a focus for the development of new antimalarial drugs. ur study has great biological and medical significance, particularly in light of the huge disease burden of malaria,
The research team at Harvard Chan School used cutting edge genetic and cell biological methods to provide definitive evidence of the essentiality and function of calcineurin in parasite invasion.
calcineurin underlies a very basic aspect of parasite biology. p
#What your clothes may say about you Moving closer to the possibility of aterials that computeand wearing your computer on your sleeve,
From a biological point of view, there no other way to achieve this. After all, the material for example that of a fallen pinecone is already dead.
which the pores roughly model the cells in the biological material. What they found is fascinating.
who heads the Biomimetic Actuation and Tissue Growth Group in the Biomaterials Department of the Max Planck Institute in Potsdam,
Burrus/NISTTHE technology was designed to track the machinery of biological cells, down to the tiniest bits of DNA, a single ase pairof nucleotides among the 3 billion of these chemical units in human genes.
But the instrument could be useful well beyond biology, biochemistry and biophysics, perhaps in manufacturing.
These biochemical processes are responsible for a broad range of movement in living organisms, including moving molecules around the interior of a cell or copying DNA into another form of genetic material, RNA.
The new JILA instrument also can aid in measuring individual proteins as they fold into specific positions
The instrument must be stable to within about one-tenth of a nanometer (1 angstrom to biologists, equivalent to the diameter of a hydrogen atom.
and is already being used for basic biological studies. The invention of gene nock-outsarned the 2007 Nobel prize for its utility in determining
The fifth column is implanted an bit of genetic code that sits idle until a certain drug enters the cell.
UW-Madison has opened a genome editing facility in its Biotechnology Center. e want the whole campus to utilize this technology,
for human biology and the model organisms that are so important for biology, like fruit flies and zebra fish,
This marriage between human stem cells and genome editing technology will revolutionize the way we do science.
#Pioneering gene therapy takes aim at inherited blindness Canada first human gene therapy trial for eyeshe replacement of a faulty gene with a healthy ones now underway at the Royal Alexandra Hospital to preserve
Gene therapy is not a drug, but a transfer of human genes. Gene therapy refers to the incorporation of new DNA into cells,
to replace a gene that is either missing or not functioning. This allows the cells to produce an important protein.
replacing the defective gene that in the cells. he first of six local men to undergo ocular gene therapy,
a private British biopharmaceutical company focused on the development of therapies for retinal dystrophies. e are leading the way in the development of an effective gene therapy treatment for choroideremia,
#TSRI and Biotech Partners Find New Antibody Weapons against Marburg virus A new study led by scientists at The Scripps Research Institute (TSRI) identifies new immune molecules that protect against deadly Marburg virus, a relative
and neutralize Marburg virushich has a mortality rate of up to 90%ere developed through an academic-industrial partnership including TSRI, Integrated Biotherapeutics, Mapp Biopharmaceutical and Emergent biosolutions.
Other antibodies in the study were identified independently at Mapp Biopharmaceutical and Integrated Biotherapeutics which collaborated with TSRI for molecular analysis. Some of the new antibodies target a new site on Marburg virus not seen before winglike feature attached to the base of the virus. Antibodies against this newly discovered site protected 90 to 100%of infected animal models from lethal infection.
and its four relatives in the Ebolavirus genus. e expect both Marburg virus and Ebola virus to emerge again
and to acquire new mutations, said TSRI Research Assistant Marnie Fusco, first author of the new study. he cross-reactive antibodies could be used as diagnostics for newly emerging strains.?
#Elastic Gel to Heal Wounds A team of bioengineers at Brigham and Women Hospital (BWH), led by Ali Khademhosseini, Phd,
and Nasim Annabi, Phd, of the Biomedical engineering Division, has developed a new protein-based gel that,
If we want to use biomaterials to regenerate those tissues, we need elasticity and flexibility, said Annabi,
from a biocompatible polypeptide and can be activated using light. ydrogels jellylike materials that can mimic the properties of human tissue are used widely in biomedicine,
the material is biocompatible, and we hope to see it solve clinical problems in the future. Further investigation in preclinical models will be needed to test the material properties and safety before approval for use in humans e
although it can be attributed to a combination of genetics and the environment. A team of researchers from the Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO) have discovered now that telomeres
the structures that protect the chromosomes, are at the origin of pulmonary fibrosis. This is the first time that telomere damage has been identified as a cause of the disease.
Furthermore, pulmonary fibrosis is one of the most frequent illnesses among people with mutations in genes involved in telomere maintenance.
a drug that affects the genetic material of cells and inhibits cell division when administered in high doses,
Our entire genome is packed this way, except for the areas, from which the information is being currently read says Vasily M. Studitsky,
who is the leading researcher and the head of the Laboratory of Regulation of Transcription and Replication at the Biological Faculty of the Lomonosov Moscow State university.
The damage of the DNA, if not repaired, leads to accumulation of mutations, cell death, and to the development of various diseases, including neurodegenerative, e g.
information written in the genetic code, which could be imagined as the manual for its assembly where triples of nucleotides match certain amino acids,
In order to multiply, viruses have to invade a host cell and copy their genetic information. To do so, viruses encode their own replication machinery
belong to an order of RNA VIRUSES that share a common strategy for copying their genomes inside their hosts.
Now a team from Harvard Medical school, using electron cryomicroscopy (imaging frozen specimens to reduce damage from electron radiation),
HMS professor of microbiology and immunobiology and senior author of the paper. think if you were trying to develop a viral-specific target to block the replication of one of these viruses,
Advances in electron cryomicroscopy encouraged them to try again. A team from Whelan lab, working with a group led by Stephen Harrison, Giovanni Armenise Harvard Professor of Basic Biomedical science at HMS and a Howard hughes medical institute (HHMI) investigator
They can shed new light on the fundamental processes occurring in the nanoscale biological pores that funnel essential ingredients into cells. e also developed some key data processing methods
and to investigate other nanofluidic systems such as boron nitride nanotubes and biological channels. ource: University of Sydne a
Bat expert Michael Yartsev, a newly hired UC Berkeley assistant professor of bioengineering and member of the Helen wills said Neuroscience Institute
and Emory University biochemistry Professor Richard Cummings contributed to the study. Intelectin is not new to science, Kiessling notes,
however, are robust biomarkers that can predict which patients are more likely to develop heart complications.
he translational impact to patients with sepsis can extend beyond biomarker prediction of heart complications,
Researchers have developed a new approach for better integrating medical devices with biological systems. The researchers, led by Bozhi Tian,
The team achieved three advances in the development of semiconductor and biological materials. One advance was the demonstration, by strictly chemical means, of three-dimensional lithography.
The testing showed that the synthetic silicon spicules displayed stronger interactions with collagen fibers skin-like stand-in for biological tissuehan did currently available silicon structures.
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