and IBM's T. J. Watson Research center have developed a prototype DNA reader that could make whole genome profiling an everyday practice in medicine.
and protein diagnostic devices into every single doctor's office said Stuart Lindsay an ASU physics professor and director of Biodesign's Center for Single Molecule Biophysics.
Such game-changing technology is needed to make genome sequencing a reality. The current hurdle is to do so for less than $1000 an amount for
The research was funded by the National institutes of health's National Human genome Research Institute Roche and published in the journal ACS Nano.
Scientists identify this certain biomarker that is specific to a certain tumor then conjugates this biomarker on the surface of the nanocarrier that only has the expression for that specific kind of cancer cell.
The nanotech carriers go into the body through a vein in the blood stream seek the abnormal cancer cells find the biomarker
This material is biocompatible and biodegradable and can potentially stay in the tumor cells until its job is finished then dissolve
#Next generation biomarker detects tumour cells and delivers anticancer drugs Nanyang Technological University (NTU) has invented a unique biomarker with two exceptional functions.
First it lights up when it detects tumour cells to allow scientists to take a better look.
This new biomarker which has immense potential for drug development is made from a nanophosphor particle ten thousand times smaller than a grain of sand.
Our new biomarker has eliminated effectively such key limitations which exist in existing biological markers. The breakthrough has resulted in two papers published in Small one of the world's top scientific journals for material science and nanotechnology.
Prof Loo said their new biomarker can#also release anticancer drugs by creating a layer of coating loaded with drugs on the outside of the nanoparticle.#
#The drugs are released when the biomarker lights up in response to the near-infrared light. This is the first time we are able to do bio-imaging
and potentially target the delivery of drugs at the same time as proven in small animal tests said Prof Loo a nanotechnology and bioimaging expert.
The new biomarker also has other advantages. It has twice the contrast of conventional dyes
Unlike other new biomarkers used for imaging such as quantum dots the NTU biomarker has also been shown to be nontoxic staying in the body for up to two days before it is passed out harmlessly.
Moving forward the team from NTU's School of Materials science and engineering will be looking to load multiple layers of drugs into their biomarker.
If successful doctors will be able to release sequentially two or more drugs through the biomarker.#
and also higher efficacy as the biomarker has the ability to accurately target tumour cells.
#A gut reaction Queen's university biologist Virginia Walker and Queen's SARC Awarded Postdoctoral Fellow Pranab Das have shown nanosilver
says Akhilesh Gaharwar, assistant professor of biomedical engineering at Texas A&m and member of the research team.
represents a new direction in biomedical engineering. Two-dimensional materials are ultrathin substances with high surface area but a thickness of a few nanometers or less.
At UC Santa barbara researchers in the Department of Chemical engineering and at Center for Bioengineering (CBE) have turned to the human body's own mechanisms for inspiration in dealing with the necessary and complicated process of coagulation.
and surface biology of the body's own platelets they are able to accelerate natural healing processes
With surfaces functionalized with the same biochemical motifs found in their human counterparts these PLNS also can summon other platelets to the site
#Patent awarded for genetics-based nanotechnology against mosquitoes insect pests Kansas State university researchers have developed a patented method of keeping mosquitoes and other insect pests at bay.
The patent covers microscopic genetics-based technology that can help safely kill mosquitos and other insect pests.
Xin Zhang research associate in the Division of Biology; and Jianzhen Zhang visiting scientist from Shanxi University in China developed the technology:
or RNAI to destroy the genetic code of an insect in a specific DNA sequence. The technology is expected to have great potential for safe and effective control of insect pests Zhu said.
MESSENGER RNA carries important genetic information. In the studies on mosquito larvae researchers designed dsrna to target the mrna encoding the enzymes that help mosquitoes produce chitin the main component in the hard exoskeleton of insects crustaceans and arachnids.
of 2 nm creating a powerful and versatile nanoscale imaging tool with exciting promise and potential for the materials and biological sciences.
Even in its present form the techniques demonstrated here can revolutionize nanoscale imaging in realms far beyond materials science including electronics and biology.
Froeter devised a way to mount the microtubes on glass slides, the standard for biological cultures.
Williams, a professor of biomedical engineering at UW-Madison.""Without this we may have noticed an overall increase in growth rates,
You get a different biology chemistry and physics than you do with bigger things. And that's really attractive to scientists.
whereas others can be made in the lab sometimes from complex biological molecules. No says Graham.
You can attach biomolecules like proteins or DNA to them and make them change properties
But then you run into problem number two known as'biofouling'.'This is where random nonspecific molecules stick to the nanoparticles
and toxicity said Dr. Zhen Gu assistant professor in the Joint Department of Biomedical engineering at NC State and UNC-Chapel hill.
He is supported by faculty staff and Ph d. students in the Joint Department of Biomedical engineering a partnership between NC State and UNC-Chapel hill that tackles urgent biomedical problems.
or even individual cells and they are able to navigate through complex biological fluids. In the 1966 movie Fantastic Voyage a submarine complete with crew is shrunk in size
And they could make it possible to carry out gene therapy in a specific cell. If things go according to Peer Fischer leader of the Micro Nano
However because the researchers have in the long term set their sights on using the device in biological media they tested their swimmer directly in appropriate model fluids.
The scientists who have published their work in Nature Communications want to put their micro-swimmers to the test in specific biological fluids.
#Researchers create unique graphene nanopores with optical antennas for DNA sequencing High-speed reading of the genetic code should get a boost with the creation of the world's first graphene nanopores pores measuring approximately 2 nanometers in diameter that feature a"built-in
and other biological systems.""The results of this study were reported in Nano Letters in a paper titled"Graphene nanopore with a Self-Integrated Optical Antenna. e
In their latest paper, researchers from Cardiff University's Schools of Biosciences and Physics showed that non-fluorescing nanodiamonds (diamonds without defects) can be imaged optically
Professor Paola Borri from the School of Biosciences, who led the study, said:""This new imaging modality opens the exciting prospect of following complex cellular trafficking pathways quantitatively with important applications in drug delivery.
Until now, monitoring has been done in hospitals with a device using fluorescent bioassays to measure light polarization produced by a drug sample."
This interfacial layer is critical to our understanding of a diverse set of phenomena from biology to materials science.
Assistant professor Amir Karton from UWA's School of Chemistry and Biochemistry said the finding published this week in Chemical Physics Letters journal was significant
Moreover graphene is nontoxic to biological systems an improvement over previous research into transparent electrical contacts that are much thicker rigid difficult to manufacture and reliant on potentially toxic metal alloys.
and optogenetics which involves genetically modifying cells to create specific light-reactive proteins. RE-NET seeks to develop new tools
Graphene-based carbon-layered electrode array technology for neural imaging and optogenetic applications. Nature Communications 5 Article number:
Moreover the solution came straight from the life sciences biochemistry in fact. The technique known as density gradient ultracentrifugation is a decades-old process used to separate biomolecules.
The National Science Foundation (NSF)- funded scientist theorized correctly that he could adapt it to separate carbon nanotubes rolled sheets of graphene (a single atomic layer of hexagonally bonded carbon atoms) long recognized for their potential applications in computers
Paul Weiss distinguished professor of chemistry and biochemistry and a member of UCLA's California Nanosystems Institute developed the method for producing the nanoribbons with Patrick Han and Taro Hitosugi professors at the Advanced Institute
and designed said Peng Yin senior author of the paper Wyss core faculty member and Assistant professor of Systems Biology at Harvard Medical school.
The work was done in collaboration with MIT's Laboratory for Computational biology and Biophysics led by Mark Bathe senior co-author of the paper.
The paper's findings describe a significant advance in DNA NANOTECHNOLOGY as well as in inorganic nanoparticle synthesis Yin said.
if we focused on infusing biocompatible nanoparticles with Cyclosporine A the drug in the eye drops
a field that uses biology to develop new tools for science, technology and medicine. The new study, published in print today in the journal Nano Letters,
demonstrates how stable'lipid membranes'the thin'skin'that surrounds all biological cells can be applied to synthetic surfaces.
Importantly, the new technique can use these lipid membranes to'draw'akin to using them like a biological ink with a resolution of 6 nanometres (6 billionths of a meter),
and promises the ability to position functional biological molecules such as those involved in taste, smell,
"explained Professor Evans. Aside from biological applications, this area of research could revolutionise renewable energy production. Working in collaboration with researchers at the University of Sheffield,
the researchers will be able to arbitrarily swap out the biological units and replace them with synthetic components to create a new generation of solar cells.
"This is part of the emerging field of synthetic biology, whereby engineering principles are being applied to biological parts
whether it is for energy capture, or to create artificial noses for the early detection of disease
A group of researchers from the Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (IBN) of A*STAR has taken the health benefits of green tea to the next level by using one of its ingredients to develop a drug delivery system
Targeting specific tissues is simply a matter of adding the appropriate biomarker so that the body sends the nanosheet where it belongs.
#New absorber will lead to better biosensors Biological sensors or biosensors are like technological canaries in the coalmine.
By converting a biological response into an optical or electrical signal they can alert us to dangers in our external and internal environments.
#Blades of grass inspire advance in organic solar cells Using a biomimicking analog of one of nature's most efficient light-harvesting structures blades of grass an international research team led by Alejandro Briseno of the University of Massachusetts Amherst
Dr. Tal Dvir and his graduate student Michal Shevach of TAU's Department of Biotechnology, Department of Materials science and engineering,
He and his team discovered that gold particles are able to increase the conductivity of biomaterials.
to computer logic architectures that replicate the versatility and response time of a biological neural network.""While more investigation needs to be done,
silicon nanoparticles may one day serve as easily detectable"tags"for tracking nanosized substances in biological, environmental or other dynamic systems s
Novel applications of'quantum dots'including lasers biological markers qubits for quantum computing and photovoltaic devices arise from the unique optoelectronic properties of the QDS
#Gold nanoparticles linked to single stranded-dna DNA create a simple but versatile genetic testing kit Tests for identifying genetic variations among individuals
which can be used to develop precisely targeted drug therapies are a current focus in the emerging field of pharmacogenomics.
To develop the nanoprobe Jackie Ying at the A*STAR Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology and co-workers in Singapore Taiwan and Japan devised a relatively simple procedure that uses standard laboratory equipment
Ying's method detects genetic variations known as single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPS) that differ in only a single-nucleotide building block of DNA.
In the case of warfarin#the most frequently prescribed anticoagulant#there are SNP differences in specific parts of the genome that indicate
and amplified from a patient's genome. The nanoprobes are initially pink due to surface plasmonic effects involving ripples of electric charge.
and the genome fragments separate. For cases of partial complementarity#in which the fragments are mismatched by a single nucleotide#the melting temperature is lowered by an amount depending on the level of mismatch.
The system can also distinguish between homozygous genotypes (where a person caries the same SNP on each member of a pair of chromosomes)
and heterozygous genotypes (where a person carries different SNPS on each chromosome). The patented warfarin test kit is available for commercialization
and are validating assay kits for several other applications in pathogen detection pharmacogenomics and genetic disease screening.
Nanoprobe-based genetic testing. Nano Today 9 166#171 (2014. dx. doi. org/10.1016/j. nantod. 2014.04.00
A team led by bioengineer Jeffrey Jacot and chemical engineer and chemist Matteo Pasquali created the patches infused with conductive single-walled carbon nanotubes.
Because the toxicity of carbon nanotubes in biological applications remains an open question Pasquali said the fewer one uses the better.
Biocompatible Carbon nanotube#Chitosan Cardiac Scaffold Matching the Electrical conductivity of the Heart. Seokwon Pok Flavia Vitale Shannon L. Eichmann Omar M. Benavides Matteo Pasquali and Jeffrey G Jacot ACS Nano Just Accepted Manuscript DOI:
#Single unlabelled biomolecules can be detected through light Being able to track individual biomolecules and observe them at work is every biochemist's dream.
This would enable the scientists to research in detail and better understand the workings of the nanomachines of life, such as ribosomes and DNA polymerases.
Their optical biosensor for single unlabelled molecules could also be a breakthrough in the development of biochips:
Our understanding of fundamental life processes was made first possible by knowledge of how individual biomolecules interact with each other.
In cells, nanomachines such as ribosomes and DNA polymerases stitch individual molecules together to form complex biological structures such as proteins and DNA molecules, the repositories of genetic information.
and it can interfere with the function of the biological nanomachines. Although light can be used to detect unlabelled biomolecules,
the approach cannot be used to detect single DNA molecules, as the interaction of light waves with the molecule is too weak.
The gain in signal is then sufficient to detect single biomolecules, such as DNA fragments. The Erlangen-based researchers did precisely that.
The researchers also needed a platform on which biological components, like br, could survive and connect with the titanium dioxide catalyst:
merged with biology, can create new sources of clean energy. Her team's discovery may provide future consumers a biologically-inspired alternative to gasoline."
#Graphene sensor tracks down cancer biomarkers An ultrasensitive biosensor made from the wonder material graphene has been used to detect molecules that indicate an increased risk of developing cancer.
Now that we've created the first proof-of-concept biosensor using epitaxial graphene we will look to investigate a range of different biomarkers associated with different diseases and conditions as well as detecting a number of different biomarkers on the same chip.
Generic epitaxial graphene biosensors of ultrasensitive detection of cancer risk biomarker Z Tehrani et al 2014 2d Mater. 1 025004. iopscience. iop. org/2053
producing a scaffold out of biocompatible materials on which cells could proliferate. In the latest work, Greer and her students used the technique to produce
Saraf, a professor of chemical and biomolecular engineering said he envisions a stethoscope-like device that a doctor would press across a patient's chest to image the buried palpable structure.
and Biochemistry and Molecular biology at Penn State. In a paper first published online on Sept. 9 in the journal Nature Chemistry, Mallouk and colleagues at Penn State and the Research center for Exotic Nanocarbons at Shinshu University, Japan, describe a method called intercalation,
and bioengineering research said Samir Mitragotri co-author and professor of chemical engineering and director of the Center for Bioengineering at UCSB.
Detection and diagnostics are a key area of bioengineering research at UCSB and this study represents an excellent example of UCSB's multifaceted competencies in this exciting field.
and the current in the channel is modulated by the binding between embedded receptor molecules and the charged target biomolecules to
Moreover the channel length of Mos2 FET biosensor can be scaled down to the dimensions similar to those of small biomolecules such as DNA
which can lead to high sensitivity even for detection of single quanta of these biomolecular species she added.
But a novel protein nanoparticle developed by Peter Burkhard, a professor in the Department of Molecular & Cell biology, in collaboration with David Lanar
an expert in structural biology affiliated with UCONN's Institute of Materials science.""With RTS, S, only about 14 percent of the vaccine's protein is from the malaria parasite.
Professor Mazhar Khan from UCONN's Department of Pathobiology is collaborating with Burkhard on the animal flu vaccine e
#Biomimetic photodetector'sees'in color (Phys. org) Rice university researchers have created a CMOS-compatible biomimetic color photodetector that directly responds to red green
Biomimicry was no accident. The color photodetector resulted from a $6 million research program funded by the Office of Naval Research that aimed to mimic cephalopod skin using metamaterials compounds that blur the line between material and machine.
Halas said the squid skin research team which includes marine biologists Roger Hanlon of the Marine Biological Laboratory in Woods Hole Mass
Bob has created a biomimetic detector that emulates what we are hypothesizing the squid skin'sees'Halas said.
Previous success in the field of ultra-lightweight"aerogel monoliths"has relied largely on the use of precious gold and silver nanowires.
"Aerogel monoliths are like kitchen sponges but ours are made of ultra fine copper nanowires, using a fabrication process called freeze drying,
"The copper aerogel monoliths are conductive and could be embedded further into polymeric elastomers extremely flexible,
"Despite its conductivity, copper's tendency to oxidation and the poor mechanical stability of copper nanowire aerogel monoliths mean its potential has been unexplored largely.
The researchers found that adding a trace amount of poly (vinyl alcohol)( PVA) to their aerogels substantially improved their mechanical strength
the aerogels could be used to make electrically conductive rubber materials without the need for any prewiring.
the researchers noted that devices using their copper-based aerogels were not quite as sensitive as those using gold nanowires,
In addition this research has the potential to inform the creation of living microbial circuits forming the foundation of hybrid biological-synthetic electronic devices.
Researchers use gold substrate to allow for electron cryomicroscopy on difficult proteins More information: Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 nanowires are outer membrane and periplasmic extensions of the extracellular electron transport components PNAS www. pnas. org/cgi/doi/10.1073
At present therapeutic antibodies are purified generally by a technique known as protein A affinity chromatography. The process yields a high purification factorypically 99 per centut it is slow thereby creating a severe productivity bottleneck.
The process is hindered largely by the low capacity of protein A which binds monoclonal antibodies at an average rate of 50 grams per liter of protein A chromatography media.
Journal of Chromatography A 1324 17180 (2013. dx. doi. org/10.1016/j. chroma. 2013.11.03 3
and composition by a seed-mediated growth route,"explains lead researcher Jackie Ying from the A*STAR Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology.
Probing such delicate biological samples with light allows us to watch these dancing molecules for hours without changing
The Group published in the last issue of Advanced Functional Materials an article describing a flexible biological field-effect transistor (Biofet) for use in biosensing.
a UCLA professor of chemistry and biochemistry who led the research. Electrochemical capacitors, also known as ECS or supercapacitors, are an important technology for the future of energy storage and mobile power supplies,
and behave like smart, soft biological material, and integrate it with cells and cellular networks at the whole-tissue level.
ultraflexible electronics into the brain and allow them to become fully integrated with the existing biological web of neurons.
and Chemical Biology at Rutgers University adding that the research is really a nice piece of work.
the team used an advanced version of a polarised light microscope based at the Marine Biological Laboratory, USA,
Strategic Energy resources Ltd and an expert in polarized light imaging, Dr. Rudolf Oldenbourg from the Marine Biological Laboratory, USA,
and in environmental and biological sciences. Future studies using these techniques at NSLS-II -which will produce x-rays 10,000 times brighter than those at NSLS-will have even greater resolution
which is used now in the medical field to detect biomarkers in the early stages of disease.
"Halas, the Stanley C. Moore Professor in Electrical and Computer engineering and a professor of biomedical engineering, chemistry, physics and astronomy at Rice, said the potential applications for SECARS include chemical and biological sensing as well as metamaterials research.
A key component is the detection of biomarkers, proteins in blood or saliva, for example, whose presence or abnormal concentration is caused by a disease.
Biomarkers can indicate the presence of diseases long before the appearance of symptoms. However, currently the detection of these molecules still requires specialised laboratories
if the biomolecules are close to the hot spots Therefore, the molecules have to be trapped to be detected.
When the nanoantennas studded with the bioreceptors are incubated in a solution that contains the biomarkers to be detected,
they show the Raman fingerprints of both the bioreceptor and the biomarker, as Gucciardi points out.
The size of these nanoparticles their dynamic character and the fact that the reactions take place under normal biological conditions (at ambient temperature
and plays important roles in natural environments, particularly inside biological nanochannels. Professor Lei Jiang and his group from State Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, set out to study this unified bionic frontier.
After several years of innovative research, they developed a series of biomimetic nanochannels, delivered a strategy for the design
entitled"Construction of biomimetic smart nanochannels for confined water",was published in National Science Review. Nature has inspired always greatly technology, engineering and significant inventions.
Jiang expatiated the confined water that exists in one-dimensional micro/nano composite structures in detail, particularly inside biological nanochannels.
they provided a strategy for the design and construction of biomimetic smart nanochannels. Importantly, they have applied the abiotic analogs to energy conversion systems.
biological ion channels played key roles for high efficient energy conversion in organisms due to its nanoscale effect and ion selectivity.
#Nanoparticles could provide easier route for cell therapy UT Arlington physics researchers may have developed a way to use laser technology to deliver drug and gene therapy at the cellular level without damaging surrounding tissue.
or other small molecules directly into cells is essential for some of the most advanced methods being developed in gene therapy,
cheaper chips and computers inspired by biological brains in that they could perform many tasks at the same time.
"We found that for a material as light and sparse as aerogel a kind of glass foam,
"However, because of its microarchitected layout, it performs with four orders of magnitude higher stiffness than unstructured materials, like aerogels, at a comparable density."
and will thus make the detailed study of representative volumes of biological tissue and materials science specimens possible in future.
where they enable three-dimensional imaging for a vast array of applicationsranging from biological tissue, technical devices such as catalysts, fossils to antique works of art.
especially with sensitive objects such as biological materials,"explains Holler.""This effect is reduced vastly through cooling,
Like the molecule that carries genetic information in living things, the synthetic DNA strands used as"glue"to bind nanoparticles in this study have a natural tendency to pair up
or even for delivering genes to cells for gene therapy and such approaches,"said Gang.""Our study is the first of its kind to look at the structural aspects of DNA-particle/lipid interface directly using x-ray scattering.
As a result, the coating primarily counteracts the formation of an extensive biofilm. The researchers were able to prove the double microbicidal
and biofilm-inhibiting action using the standardised ASTM E2 180 test process. The new material can be applied to a variety of substrates such as plastic,
"said Ali Yetisen, a Phd candidate in the Department of Chemical engineering & Biotechnology, who led the research.
heart problems and deep vein thrombosis has been developed by researchers at the Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (IBN).
Genetic testing can improve the treatment of such medical conditions. By combining our expertise in molecular diagnostics and nanotechnology,
IBN's test kit can recognize three of the most common genetic variations, or single-nucleotide polymorphisms, associated with warfarin response.
If any of the three genetic variations is present the solution will remain pink. But if none of the variations is present,
and can be extended to detect other genetic variations. By making molecular diagnostics information more readily available, doctors will be able to provide personalized treatment that is safer and more effective
In biological materials it could locate the attachment of chemical agents or particles that are bound to a cell and aid in the study of protein dynamics.
In biological applications we expect it to provide an order of magnitude improvement in the ability to investigate processes such as protein dynamics.
and nanometer scale is crucial from semiconductor electronics to biochemistry and medicine. Explore further: High-resolution microscopy technique resolves individual carbon nanotubes under ambient condition c
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