"The new PHOLEDS are based on a kind of molecule known as A n-heterocyclic carbene iridium-III complex,
Future research will focus on stabilizing the molecule at the heart of this new PHOLED to create a longer-lasting version of the device.
In research published in the journal Nature Communications, the RIKEN scientists discovered that the wrinkles found in graphene create unique electronic qualities, specifically a one-dimensional electron confinement.
This restriction of electron movement results in a junction-like structure that changes from a zero-gap conductor to a semiconductor and back to zero-gap conductor.
imaging single DNA molecules requires bulky, expensive optical microscopy tools, which are confined mostly to advanced laboratory settings.
which measures the length of the DNA molecules. Assuming you have a reliable data connection,
whether hydrophobic chains are surrounded by as many atoms as possible. The game was launched in 2008 and has been played by approximately 400,000 people.
since being part of the New york Tech Stars accelerator in 2012. The technology is expensive to build
The rover has measured also radiation levels with a view to assessing the feasibility of humans spending time on the planet.
An international team of researchers made the discovery by studying a superconductor made from carbon-60 molecules or"buckyballs".
provides important clues about how the interplay between the electronic structure of the molecules and their spacing within the lattice can strengthen interactions between electrons that cause superconductivity.
TOKYO: Scientists have discovered a new state of matter that appears to be an insulator, superconductor, metal and magnet all rolled into one.
An international team of researchers made the discovery by studying a superconductor made from carbon-60 molecules or"buckyballs".
provides important clues about how the interplay between the electronic structure of the molecules and their spacing within the lattice can strengthen interactions between electrons that cause superconductivity i
#New test spots drug use from single fingerprint LONDON: Scientists have developed a new, noninvasive test that can detect cocaine use through a simple fingerprint.
and converts to electrons. Those electrons then supplement the voltage stored in the lithium-anode portion of the solar battery.
To carry electrons from the solar cell into the battery a liquid electrolyte is required, which is typically part salt, part solvent.
The researchers used lithium iodide as the salt, which offers a high-energy storage capacity with low cost,
and converts to electrons. Those electrons then supplement the voltage stored in the lithium-anode portion of the solar battery.
To carry electrons from the solar cell into the battery a liquid electrolyte is required, which is typically part salt, part solvent.
The researchers used lithium iodide as the salt, which offers a high-energy storage capacity with low cost,
That creates particles that crystallize into diamonds, a process that can take 10 weeks. The technology has progressed to the point that experts need a machine to tell synthesized gems apart from those extracted from mines or rivers.
Timmons added that this is the first blood test of its kind that has shown that the same set of molecules are regulated in both the blood
"We're good at generating electrons from light efficiently, but chemical synthesis always limited our systems in the past,
#Prosthetic hand restores sense of touch in 28-year-old A 28-year-old paraly sed man in the US has become the first person to"feel"physical sensa ions through a prosthetic
Because PCR works on DNA molecules and Ebola is an RNA VIRUS the reverse transcriptase enzyme is used to make DNA copies of the VIRAL RNA prior to PCR amplification and detection."
The targeted molecules-in this case, Ebola virus RNA-were isolated by binding to a matching sequence of synthetic DNA (called an oligonucleotide) attached to magnetic microbeads.
In a paper published in the journal Nature Geoscience, Mcewen and other scientists identified waterlogged molecules salts of a type known as perchlorates in readings from orbit."
Lujendra Ojha, a graduate student at the Georgia Institute of technology, turned to another instrument on the orbiter that identifies types of molecules by
But this instrument, a spectrometer, is not as sharp as the camera, making it hard to zoom in on readings from the narrow RSLS."
and administering an immune-molecule-based'mop-up'therapy can eradicate a type of breast tumour in mice,
800 watts per hour to keep its lithium-ion battery charged. While electric vehicles have been on the market for some time,
and particle diffusion. To address the problem, the team of researchers, led in part by Thomas Angelini,
assistant professor in the department of mechanical and aerospace engineering at the University of Florida, took advantage of the physical properties of a commercially available granular hydrogel made up of 7 m-wide particles.
Although there is a risk of very tiny molecules slipping past the individual grains of gel,
Made from carbon atoms arranged in a hexagonal sheet only one atom thick, graphene offers extraordinary properties:
These PDA particles capture pore-forming toxins such as those found in bee venom. Chen and Wang successfully discovered that the strong swimming mechanisms of their microfish actually enhanced the ability to clear up toxins,
CNTS are basically one-atom-thick graphene sheets rolled up onto themselves in order to form very long filaments with diameters of only a few nanometers. n this sense,
as well as a direct electrical stimulation can promote the attraction of charged ions from the environment to the cells.
The printer works by directing an electron beam at a bed of titanium powder in order to melt it.
Coulter and Ianakiev describe the DEAS as ssentially flexible capacitors sending low energy electric signals to the flexible tubular structure
and particle diffusion, the study authors explained, nd enables a wide variety of materials to be written by this process,
Other applications include tissue engineering, flexible electronics, particle engineering, smart materials, and encapsulation technologies. In order to demonstrate the possibilities of this new 3d printing method,
gum inflammation and decay. But Tennant points to guidelines from the UK National Institute for Health
Watchful monitoring also means you will also receive extra radiation from dental x-rays in the meantime, he says.
similar to an ultrasound scanner but for manipulating particles (that is, drug capsules, kidney stones or microsurgical instruments),
also, single-beam traps do not have repeated patterns that could accidentally trap other particles.""Professor Drinkwater said the development could also lead to"non-contact production lines"for handling delicate or dangerous materials without contact.
with their atoms arranged in a highly organised and regular manner. Metallic glass alloys, however, have disordered a highly structure,
with the atoms arranged in a non-regular way. here are many types of metallic glass, with the most popular ones based on zirconium, palladium, magnesium, titanium or copper.
This generates a fine mist capable of delivering much larger molecules directly to the lungs.
*and ion concentration--critical markers for many disorders--rely on various nanosensors that are probed using light at optical frequencies.
and that, in turn, changes the frequency at which the protons in water molecules around and inside the gel resonate in response to radio-frequency radiation.
the scientists tested the sensors in solutions of varying ph, in solutions with ion concentration gradients,
possibly including things such as glucose, local temperatures, various ion concentrations, possibly the presence or absence of various enzymes and so forth."
the way proteins use shape complementarity to simplify docking with other molecules, and their tendency to form relatively weak bonds that can be broken readily when no longer needed.
and bachelor's student Andrea Neuner from TUM's Munich School of engineering-took inspiration from a mechanism that allows nucleic acid molecules to bond through interactions weaker than base-pairing.
the molecules are guided into close enough range, like docking spacecraft, by their complementary shapes. The new technology from Dietz's lab imitates this approach.
For example, transmission electron micrographs of a three-dimensional, nanoscale humanoid robot confirm that the pieces fit together exactly as designed.
In addition, they show how a simple control method-changing the concentration of positive ions in solution-can actively switch between different configurations:
This new technique was made possible by the development in recent years of single-molecule microscopy
which enables scientists to peer into the nanoworld by turning the fluorescence of individual molecules on and off.
Cosa research group specializes in single-molecule fluorescence techniques, while Sleiman uses DNA chemistry to design new materials for drug delivery and diagnostic tools.
which the light-emitting particles are sandwiched in a dielectric binder layer. At least one of the conductive layers is also transparent.
On application of an AC voltage, light is emitted from the electroluminescent layer. e embed luminous particles in the form of functionalized zinc sulphide nanoparticles as phosphors into the binder layer,
#Cerium-Based Material Made into Nanometer-Sized Particles to Produce Key Ingredient for Nylon Production The Critical Materials Institute,
The process uses a cerium-based material made into nanometer-sized particles with a palladium catalyst to produce cyclohexanone, a key ingredient in the production of nylon.
#Groundbreaking Work with Two-Photon Microscopy Wins Brain Prize The 1 million euro Brain Prize has been awarded to four scientists three of them Cornell alumni for their groundbreaking work with two
-photon microscopy: Winfried Denk, Ph d. 9, Karel Svoboda 8, David Tank, M. S. 0, Ph d. 3 and Arthur Konnerth.
Zipfel still has the world first two-photon microscope in a case near his office,
Denk took the first two-photon microscopy images with the help of Frank Wise, the Samuel B. Eckert Professor of Engineering,
who built the femtosecond laser needed to make two-photon microscopy work. Solving the mystery of how circuits in the brain produce behavior,
Two-photon microscopy is a transformative tool in brain research, combining advanced techniques from physics and biology to allow scientists to examine the finest structures of the brain in real time. ee very proud of the work these alumni are doing,
and molecules inside tissues and cells, enabling fast and broad diagnostic assessments, thanks to an imaging technique developed by University of Illinois researchers and clinical partners.
or molecule they are looking for. Staining can be a long and exacting process and the added chemicals can damage cells.
The researchers reproduced a wide array of molecular stains by computationally isolating the spectra of specific molecules.
that under the right conditions bind to a specific target molecule, are attached to the fins,
Aptamers, meanwhile, can target a range of proteins and molecules in response to variations in ph levels, temperature,
and a high rate of capture of the target molecules, said lead author Ximin He, Assistant professor of Materials science and engineering at Arizona State university and formerly a postdoctoral research fellow in Aizenberg group at Harvard.
and chemical materials are caused by wavelength selective light absorption in organic molecules. Currently, colors on computer and iphone screens come from dye materials pre-placed on the pixels.
A lot of colors you see in nature are due to wavelength selective light absorption in organic molecules which cannot withstand high temperatures,
Ultraviolet light destroys organic dye molecules over time, leading to color change and fading. The new technology may hold promise for many applications such as for jewelry, automotive interior trim, aviation, signage, colored keypads, wearable and electronic displays.
The Si20 dodecahedron is roughly as large as the C60 molecule. However, there are some crucial differences between the types of bonding:
In the silicon dodecahedron, in contrast, all atoms have a coordination number of four and are connected through single bonds,
so that the molecule is also related to dodecahedrane (C20h20).""In its day, dodecahedrane was viewed as the'Mount everest'of organic chemistry,
Jan Tillmann, are filled always with a chloride ion. The Frankfurt chemists therefore suppose that the cage forms itself around the anion,
the cluster carries eight chlorine atoms and twelve Cl3si groups. These have highly symmetric arrangements in space,
which is why the molecule is particularly beautiful. Quantum chemical calculations carried out by Professor Max C. Holthausen's research group at Goethe University show that the substitution pattern that was observed experimentally indeed produces a pronounced stabilisation of the Si20 structure.
and laser scanning microscopes, X-ray microscopes, electron and ion microscopes and spectrometer modules. Users are supported for software for system control, image capture and editing.
or less accessible to the molecule that reads the genome: the RNA polymerase. Depending on the specialisation of the cells,
and they promise high power density, high rate capability, superb cycle stability and high energy density.
Conventional capacitors have high power density but low energy density, which means they can quickly charge
They have high energy density or can store a lot of electric energy, but can take hours to charge and discharge.
Supercapacitors are a bridge between conventional capacitors and batteries, combining the advantageous properties of high power, high energy density and low internal resistance,
is critical to achieve higher energy density. Meanwhile, to achieve a higher power density it is critical to have a large electrochemically accessible surface area, high electrical conductivity and short ion diffusion pathways.
Nanostructured active materials provide a means to these ends. How Scientists Built the New Electrodeinspired by previous research on improving conductivity via doping different metal oxide materials, Singh and Kalyan Mandal, another researcher and a professor at the S n. Bose
and reduces the distance for ion diffusion process, "said Singh. He explained that supercapacitors store charges through a chemical process known as a redox reaction,
which involves a material giving up electrons and transporting ions through another material at the interface between electrode and electrolyte.
Larger redox reaction surfaces are essential for achieving a higher power density for supercapacitors.""Moreover, the conductive Fe-Ni core provides a highway to accelerate the transport of electrons to the current collector,
which would improve the conductivity and electrochemical properties of the electrode, realizing high-performance supercapacitors,"Singh noted.
higher energy density and higher charging/discharging time.""For example, the current density of the hybrid electrode is three and 24 times higher than that of nickel/nickel oxide and iron/iron oxide electrodes, respectively,
-ion batteries. The ORNL team electron microscopy could help researchers address longstanding issues related to battery performance and safety.
and growth of lithium dendrite structures known to degrade lithium-ion batteries. CREDIT: ORNL Dendrites form when metallic lithium takes root on a battery anode
The researchers studied dendrite formation by using a miniature electrochemical cell that mimics the liquid conditions inside a lithium-ion battery.
Hansman's research team recently discovered that a"nanobody"called Nano-85 was able to bind to intact norovirus-like particles (VLPS) in culture.
"Interestingly, the investigators found that the site where Nano-85 bound to the P domain was hidden actually under the viral particle's surface."
#Optokey Produces Nanophotonic iochemical Nosewith Single Molecule Sensitivity Optokey, a startup based in Hayward, California, has developed a miniaturized sensor based on Raman spectroscopy that can quickly
which measures the interaction of photons with an activated surface using nanostructures in order to do chemical and biological sensing.
or an advanced nanophotonic automated system, with sensitivity to the level of a single molecule, far superior to sensors on the market today. oday detection and diagnosis methods are far from perfectetection limits are in PPM (parts
By surrounding molecules of paclitaxel with self-assembling spheres composed of amino acids, the Duke team doubled tumor exposure to the drug compared to Abraxane
and Power of Lithium-Ion Batteries One big problem faced by electrodes in rechargeable batteries, as they go through repeated cycles of charging
which use aluminum as the key material for the lithium-ion battery negative electrode, or anode, are reported in the journal Nature Communications, in a paper by MIT professor Ju Li and six others.
Most present lithium-ion batteries the most widely used form of rechargeable batteries use anodes made of graphite, a form of carbon.
when releasing lithium. his expansion and contraction of aluminum particles generates great mechanical stress, which can cause electrical contacts to disconnect.
which would be ok if not for the repeated large volume expansion and shrinkage that cause SEI particles to shed.
As a result, previous attempts to develop an aluminum electrode for lithium-ion batteries had failed.
but yolk-shell particles feature a void between the two equivalent to where the white of an egg would be.
The aluminum particles they used, which are about 50 nanometers in diameter, naturally have oxidized an layer of alumina (Al2o3).
a better conductor of electrons and lithium ions when it is very thin. Aluminum powders were placed in sulfuric acid saturated with titanium oxysulfate.
if the particles stay in the acid for a few more hours, the aluminum core continuously shrinks to become a 30-nm-across olk,
which shows that small ions can get through the shell. The particles are treated then to get the final aluminum-titania (ATO) yolk-shell particles.
After being tested through 500 charging-discharging cycles, the titania shell gets a bit thicker, Li says,
while allowing lithium ions and electrons to get in and out. The result is an electrode that gives more than three times the capacity of graphite (1. 2 Ah/g) at a normal charging rate
Li says. At very fast charging rates (six minutes to full charge), the capacity is still 0. 66 Ah/g after 500 cycles.
indicating ATO is quite close to being ready for real applications. hese yolk-shell particles show very impressive performance in lab-scale testing,
and germanium. ad we used an unknown sample for the demonstration, we would not have been in the position to correctly interpret the functionality of our approach, Kehr stresses.
The principle was tested at the HZDR on a typical laboratory laser as well as on the free-electron laser FELBE.
Furthermore, the microscope modular aspect allows several radiation sources such as non-coherent monochromatic or polychromatic sources and tunable lasers,
If particles can be organized into sufficiently large crystals, their structure can be determined through crystallography, which involves shooting x-rays through a crystal.
As an alternative and complementary technique, structural biologists often gather diffraction patterns from particles in solution. However, in these so called small-and wide-angle x-ray scattering (SAXS/WAXS) experiments
particles can rotate during imaging, which results in a loss of information and often leads to a poor reconstruction of the unknown structure.
the goal is to provide the scientific community with a powerful new tool to determine the structure and dynamics of nano-sized particles in a routine,
but this is an important breakthrough. he researchers emphasize that FXS data may also be collected using an ultrabright synchrotron light source from particles cryogenically frozen in place.
#Researchers Evaluate Particle Retention and Stability on Nanomembrane Sheets In a new study, Cornell researchers examined these special nylon sheets replete with applied nanoscale iron oxide particles to see
if the particles wash loose. The particles work like magnets to capture bacteria and viruses,
and to extract chemicals or dye molecules out of water. Membranes with these particles attached could be used in devices to detect water contamination
or in filters to remove chemicals or dyes from industrial waste. However, to be effective and safe,
the particles need to stay on the membrane. The study evaluated the nanoparticle treatment uniformity and particle retention of the nylon membranes as they were processed
(or washed) in solutions of varying ph levels. t critical to evaluate particle retention and stability on fibers to reduce human health
and environmental concerns, said Nidia Trejo, a Cornell doctoral student in the field of fiber science. Trejo, who with Margaret Frey, professor of fiber science, authored the study, comparative study on electrosprayed, layer-by-layer,
and chemically grafted nanomembranes loaded with iron oxide nanoparticles, in the Journal of Applied Polymer Science, July 14.
The nanomembrane sheet structure looks like a dryer sheet but is made from layers of tiny, randomly oriented fibers that only can be seen with electron microscopes.
layer-by-layer assembly, where particles are coated on the fiber electrostatically; or chemical bonding. or the membrane, it important to evaluate particle retention and stability,
Trejo explained. ou would want the nanoparticles to stay on the Nylon 6 membranes so the material can have function throughout the life use.
you wouldn want the particles themselves to become pollutants if are they releasing from the membranes
The experiments, at the Linac Coherent light Source (LCLS) X-ray laser at the Department of energy's SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory
and synaptotagmin-1. Earlier X-ray studies, including experiments at SLAC's Stanford Synchrotron radiation Lightsource (SSRL) nearly two decades ago,
"The study was supported also by X-ray experiments at SSRL and at Argonne National Laboratory's Advanced Photon Source."
The change in ion flow is measured by electronics surrounding the pore; the peaks and valleys of that signal can be correlated to each base.
Drndic and her colleagues have experimented with applying the technique to other biological molecules and nanoscale structures.
they set out to test their pores on even trickier biological molecules. here are many proteins that are much smaller and harder to manipulate than a strand of DNA that we like to study,
the researchers could perform this analysis on populations of the molecule. he dimer and monomer form of the protein block a different number of ions,
so we see a different drop in current when they go through the pore, Niedzwiecki said. ut we get a range of values for both,
or reorganize their membranes to take up molecules from outside the cell. Janelia group leader Eric Betzig
only molecules at the darkest regions of the light wave continue to fluoresce. These provide higher frequency information
because it takes too long to switch the photoactivatable molecules on and off. What's more, the repeated light exposure damages cells and their fluorescent labels."
"The problem with this approach is that you first turn on all the molecules, then you immediately turn off almost all the molecules.
The molecules you've turned off don't contribute anything to the image, but you've just fried them twice.
You're stressing the molecules, and it takes a lot of time, which you don't have, because the cell is moving."
"The solution was simple, Betzig says:""Don't turn on all of the molecules. There's no need to do that."
"Instead, the new method, called patterned photoactivation nonlinear SIM, begins by switching on just a subset of fluorescent labels in a sample with a pattern of light."
A new pattern of light is used to deactivate molecules, and additional information is read out of their deactivation.
and gleaning information from every photon emitted from a sample's fluorescent labels, labels are preserved
limiting damage to cells and fluorescent molecules, and the method can be used to image multiple colors at the same time,
structures that facilitate the intake of molecules from outside of the cell. Their quantitative analysis answered several questions about the pits'distribution
Traditional scanning electron and atomic force microscopy techniques can damage a sample. The University of Colorado approach promises quantitative full-field imaging with as much as a 20x improvement in spatial resolution,
Notable demonstrations aside, current X-ray, electron and optical microscopies are simply too cumbersome and slow to routinely image functioning systems in real space and time, severely limiting progress.
Its rigid, crystalline structures the molecules are lined up like soldiers at roll call make it hard to dissolve in the bloodstream.
making the particle unstructured or amorphous. Researchers from Harvard John A. Paulson School of engineering and Applied science (SEAS) have developed a new system that can produce stable, amorphous nanoparticles in large quantities that dissolve quickly.
which in turn slows down the movement of the molecules, delaying the formation of crystals. These factors prevent crystallization in nanoparticles,
structure, and size of particles, enabling the formation of new materials, said Amstad. It allows us to see
the small precursor molecules would naturally adopt the one-dimensional structure of the tubes only if their inner diameter is small enough.
as a precursor molecule and building block for polymerization. This molecule was brominated at either side so that, upon addition of iron nanoparticles,
the bromine would be abstracted and a diradical formed. In a normal chemical polymerization reaction, the formed radicals would abstract hydrogen for termination reactions, but:"
which the particles are suspended; these assemblies can be used, among other things, for reversibly writing information.
This approach is an elegant alternative to present methods that require nanoparticles to be coated with light-sensitive molecules;
The medium, in this case, is made up of small hoto-switchable (or hotoresponsive molecules called spiropyrans.
In the version of the photoresponsive molecule employed by Klajn and his group, absorbing light switches the molecule to a form that is more acidic.
It is this reaction that causes the particles to aggregate in the dark and disperse in the light.
Klajn points out that these molecules have a long history at the Weizmann Institute: wo Institute scientists, Ernst Fischer and Yehuda Hirshberg, were the first to demonstrate the light-responsive behavior of spiropyrans in 1952.
Valeri Krongauz used these molecules to develop a variety of materials including photosensitive coatings for lenses.
Now, 63 years after the first demonstration of its light-responsive properties, we are using the same simple molecule for another use, entirely,
For one, the particles do not seem to degrade over time a problem that plagues the coated nanoparticles. e ran one hundred cycles of writing
"We're good at generating electrons from light efficiently, but chemical synthesis always limited our systems in the past.
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