or perhaps be better factories for useful molecules like fuels and drugs. Already the researchers have shown that inducing mutation in yeast using the designer sites led to some cells that grow more slowly,
The new machine mimics the pumping mechanism of life-sustaining proteins that move small molecules around living cells to metabolize and store energy from food.
The artificial pump draws power from chemical reactions, driving molecules step-bystep from a low energy state to a high-energy state-far away from equilibrium."
"Our molecular pump is radical chemistry-an ingenious way of transferring energy from molecule to molecule,
"The ring-shaped molecules we work with repel one another under normal circumstances, "said Chuyang Cheng, first author of the study."
that allows molecules to flow"uphill"energetically y
#Researchers find new way to treat diabetic blindness WASHINGTON: US researchers said they have found a new way to restore the eyesight in patients who have a blinding eye disease caused by diabetes.
which the molecules are stabilized so that the material does not collapse. The finished aerogel can then be treated with electronic properties.
which the molecules are stabilized so that the material does not collapse. The finished aerogel can then be treated with electronic properties.
The researchers focused on using enzymes to attach 16 different shapes of sugar molecules to a molecule called 6-deoxyerythronolide B. Every one of these sugar molecules was adhered successfully,
The researchers focused on using enzymes to attach 16 different shapes of sugar molecules to a molecule called 6-deoxyerythronolide B. Every one of these sugar molecules was adhered successfully,
and prevent the need for chemotherapy or radiation. The findings were announced by Tata Memorial Centre's Dr Anil D'Cruz at an ongoing meeting of American Society of Clinical Oncology at Chicago on May 31.
and prevent the need for chemotherapy or radiation. The findings were announced by Tata Memorial Centre's Dr Anil D'Cruz at an ongoing meeting of American Society of Clinical Oncology at Chicago on May 31.
or virus-like particles onto each coupon, and then tested survival of virus at various time points,"said Manuel.
Virus-like particles are the shells of viruses, which have the same surface properties as infectious virus,
Ten minutes'exposure was sufficient to virtually abolish the receptor-binding ability of human norovirus virus-like particles,
when copper ions generate free radicals from water and oxygen, and sometimes from certain sulfur-containing amino acids.
Free radicals react energetically with molecules such as DNA and proteins, damaging and often destroying them. Many ancient societies used utensils made of copper or its alloys for food and water.
configured to detect different particles or molecules, researchers said. The device, described in a study published in the journal Scientific Reports,
configured to detect different particles or molecules, researchers said. The device, described in a study published in the journal Scientific Reports,
configured to detect different particles or molecules, researchers said. The device, described in a study published in the journal Scientific Reports,
#Scientists use graphene to create the world's smallest light bulb Scientists have created the world's smallest light bulb from a one atom-thick layer of graphene,
is composed of layers of carbon laid down in a lattice structure just one atom thick.
Graphene's Potential Drinking water Graphene could be used to desalinate seawater to make it drinkable-tiny pores in its crystal lattice could let water molecules through while blocking salt.
Scientists have created the world's smallest light bulb from a one atom-thick layer of graphene
is composed of layers of carbon laid down in a lattice structure just one atom thick.
Graphene's Potential Drinking water Graphene could be used to desalinate seawater to make it drinkable-tiny pores in its crystal lattice could let water molecules through while blocking salt.
which has struggled so far to elicit antibodies (immune system molecules) that can effectively fight off different strains of the virus."The results are said pretty spectacular
researchers developed a molecular device made of DNA that can be switched'on'by a specific molecule of their choice-such as a certain type of disease indicator
or DNA molecule representing a genome of a virus-an action that leads to a massive,
The sensor chip, able to pick up on subtle differences in glycoprotein molecules, will help improve the process of early stage prostate cancer diagnosis,
Glycoprotein molecules play an essential role in our immune response, because of which they are useful clinical biomarkers for detecting prostate cancer and other diseases.
targeted glycoprotein molecules that are differentiated by their modified carbohydrate chains.""There are two key benefits here.
The findings show how the rate of false readings that come with antibody based diagnosis can be reduced by the new technology that focuses on the carbohydrate part of the molecule.
which has specific sugars in a specific location in the molecule.""Biomarkers such as glycoproteins are essential in diagnostics as they do not rely on symptoms perceived by the patient,
"This has been the first attempt in India to develop such a product using odour sensors that make use of intelligent software to identify odorous molecules.
#Cern experts discover new particle pentaquark Scientists at Cern's Large hadron collider on Tuesday announced the discovery of a new class of exotic subatomic particles called the pentaquarks.
Pentaquark was predicted first to exist in the 1960s but, much like the Higgs boson particle before it,
the particle eluded science for decades until its detection at the LHC.""The pentaquark is not just any new particle,
"said LHCB spokesperson Guy Wilkinson.""It represents a way to aggregate quarks, namely the fundamental constituents of ordinary protons and neutrons,
in a pattern that has never been observed before in over 50 years of experiments, "said Wilkinson."
the protons and neutrons from which we're all made, is constituted,"he said. Understanding of the structure of matter was revolutionized in 1964
when United states physicist Murray Gell-Mann proposed that a category of particles known as baryons, which includes protons
and neutrons, are comprised of three fractionally charged objects called quarks, and that another category, mesons, are formed of quark-antiquark pairs.
Gell-Mann was awarded the Nobel prize in physics for this work in 1969. This quark model also allows the existence of other quark composite states
such as pentaquarks composed of four quarks and an antiquark k
#Sugar trail may lead to early cancer detection NEW DELHI: In a breakthrough that could lead to a new protocol for cancer detection and treatment,
scientists have identified a glucose delivery mechanism which helps cancer cells to survive and grow. The discovery can help in early detection of not only pancreatic and prostrate cancer but many others like cancer of the breast and colon.
Announcing the findings, scientists from the University of California, Los angeles (UCLA) also suggested the use of certain antidiabetic drugs to reduce the growth of tumours.
At the heart of the new technology is a piece of nano-engineered silica glass with ions that fluoresce in infrared light when a low power laser light hits them.
At the heart of the new technology is a piece of nano-engineered silica glass with ions that fluoresce in infrared light when a low power laser light hits them.
"The biofilms also increased leprospira's tolerance to UV radiation and high temperature. It could withstand up to 49 degrees C,
Their version of the device, the Nanofrazor, has been able to outperform conventional electron-beam lithography equipment used in the semiconductor manufacturing process and costs just $500
After trialing multiple technologies, the team has decided to build off of Particle. io cloud-based platform that enables users of Dustin Words to be able to update the functions of the buttons using a variety of online services including IFTTT, Twilio
Hydrogels, which are defined by water molecules that are encased in rubbery polymer networks that provide shape
It a unique mixture of 40%grinded wood particles in combination with the modified and proven easy-to-print binding polymers used for our Easyfil#filaments.
graphene is a 2d material that consists of a hexagonal sheet only a single atom thick.
The Endoscopic Lumbar Interbody Fusion, or Endolif On-Cage implant, is a titanium alloy implant manufactured with Electron Beam Melt (EBM) technology.
Due to its 3d printed nature, the implant can both be customized to the patient, by converting patient CT or MRI scans to 3d models,
With two large openings, the device can be filled with autogenous bone as a means of promoting the fusion of a straight spinal column.
joimax offers a complete endoscopic-assisted solution for spinal stabilization and fusion. In the future, we will be able to treat patients with even more gentle techniques.
Our next development will be an Endolif Cage on the basis of our ilessys Delta system for posterior lumbar inter-body fusion (PLIF.
Using the momentum transferred from solar photons as they strike a large, thin, reflective sail would allow a spacecraft to accelerate continuously using only the sun energy.
#NASA Chandra captures x-ray echoes pinpointing distant neutron star Astronomers using NASA Chandra X-ray Observatory have discovered the largest and brightest set of rings from X-ray light echoes ever observed.
These extraordinary rings, produced by an intense flare from a neutron star, provide astronomers a rare chance to determine how far across the Milky way galaxy the star is from Earth.
a double star system in the plane of our galaxy containing a neutron star, the dense remnant of a massive star pulverized in a supernova explosion.
The neutron star is in orbit with another massive star and is shrouded by thick clouds of interstellar gas and dust.
Circinus X-1 is also the source of a surprisingly powerful jet of high-energy particles. t really hard to get accurate distance measurements in astronomy
and indicates that the star system has passed repeatedly a key threshold for brightness where the outward pressure from radiation by the system is balanced by the inward pull of gravity.
This behavior is something astronomers generally see more often in systems containing black holes than in systems like Circinus X-1 that contain a neutron star.
The researchers also determined that the speed of the jet of high-energy particles produced by the system is at least 99.9%of the speed of light.
This extreme velocity is associated usually with jets produced by a black hole. ircinus X-1 acts in some ways like a neutron star
physicists have shown now that the production of low energy electrons by radio-sensitizers made of carbon nanostructures hinges on a key physical mechanism referred to as plasmons-collective excitations of so-called valence electrons;
Previous studies have revealed that gold and platinum nanoparticles produce a large number of electrons via the plasmon excitation mechanism.
this phenomenon yields electrons with higher energy than pure metals, thus inducing greater biological damage. In this study, the authors analysed the spectra of secondary electrons emitted from a carbon nanoparticle composed of fullerite,
a crystalline form of C60 fullerene, irradiated by an ion beam consisting of fast protons. They quantified the electron yield in a broad kinetic energy range,
using several different theoretical and numerical approaches. They found that a medium with an embedded carbon nanoparticle results in a number of low energy electrons several times higher than that emitted by pure water.
This may lead to the development of novel types of sensitizers composed of metallic and carbon-based parts.
Source: http://www. springer. co o
#CAP-XX Introduces Thinline Supercapacitors with Unique Nanotechnology Construction Examples include wearables (medical, fitness and health monitors, smart watches, drug delivery systems), portables (active
This unique electrode construction packs the highest energy and power densities possible into thin, prismatic packages.
#Scientists Develop Entirely Artificial Molecular Pump The new machine mimics the pumping mechanism of life-sustaining proteins that move small molecules around living cells to metabolize and store energy from food.
For its food, the artificial pump draws power from chemical reactions, driving molecules step-by-step from a low energy state to a high-energy state--far away from equilibrium.
what might be possible in tomorrow world. ur molecular pump is radical chemistry--an ingenious way of transferring energy from molecule to molecule,
and redistribute molecules around their cells, using vital carrier proteins, he said. e are trying to recreate the actions of these proteins using relatively simple small molecules we make in the laboratory. etails of the artificial molecular pump were published May 18 by the journal Nature Nanotechnology.
Chuyang Cheng, a fourth-year graduate student in Stoddart laboratory and first author of the paper has spent his Ph d. studies researching molecules that mimic nature biochemical machinery.
He first designed an artificial pump two years ago, but it required more than a year of testing prototypes before he found the ideal chemical structure. n some respects,
we are asking the molecules to behave in a way that they would not do said normally, Cheng. t is much like trying to push two magnets together.
The ring-shaped molecules we work with repel one another under normal circumstances. The artificial pump is able to syphon off some of the energy that changes hands during a chemical reaction
that allows molecules to flow phillenergetically. his is non-equilibrium chemistry, moving molecules far away from their minimum energy state,
with simple artificial molecules, is one of the major challenges for science in the 21st century. ltimately,
Fluorescent proteins can be used to make whole cells, precise cell structures or single molecules visible.
or group of molecules located within a desirable part of a living organism to be highlighted with one colour,
while all the other cells or molecules remain visible with another colour. Focus on one point The research group showed that
The local Dendra 2 molecules became red, spread throughout the entire cell and dyed the cell extensions.
or a group of molecules when researchers treat an organism with active pharmaceutical ingredients. Embryo development could also be examined in more detail."
It is these proteins that researchers use to colour a cell structure or specific molecule,
#Researchers Create Unexpected Shapes of Mesoscale Atoms In the prestigious physics journal"Physical Review Letters"a team of researchers from the Institute of Physical chemistry of the Polish Academy of Sciences (IPC PAS) in Warsaw,
As a result, the number of different structures of mesoscale atoms it was possible to obtain was limited very."
The existence of the second parameter significantly enhances the ability to form new mesoscale atoms.
Depending on the configuration--the number of droplets within the drop and the ratio between the volumes of all the droplets--a unique structure of a mesoscale atom formed.
The researchers could observe a number of distinct geometries of the atoms. A real surprise was that they could also observe structures containing all core droplets arranged in a row
The mesoscale atoms of droplets within drops obtained by the team from IPC PAS had just sub-millimeter dimensions,
"The controlled production of mesoscale atoms from droplets is of particular importance for materials science. This is because materials come into being in a manner somewhat similar to structures made of building blocks:
they are made up'of many smaller'bricks'--tightly packed clusters of particles or atoms. A promising area of use seems to be the transport of drugs to specific areas of the body.
Each drop in the mesoscale atom could contain various therapeutic substances which would be released under different conditions.
These arrays of nanoparticles with predictable geometric configurations are somewhat analogous to molecules made of atoms.
While atoms form molecules based on the nature of their chemical bonds, there has been no easy way to impose such a specific spatial binding scheme on nanoparticles.
with particles placed in accurate locations on the scaffold as per the specificity of DNA coding.
These designs contained two varied arrangements of the same group of particles with each configuration having different optical properties.
This method of nanoscale construction leverages two major properties of the DNA molecule, such as the natural tendency of strands having complementary bases,
Initially, bundles of six double-helix molecules were produced, with four of these bundles combined together to form a stable and a relatively strong building material,
Thus the specifically DNA-encoded particles can find their correspondingly designed place on the octahedron vertices,
and complementary strands were utilized on a range of particles. This showed that both the arrangement
and assembly of the particles can be controlled in an accurate manner. In a similar experiment, two different arrangements were made from the same three pairs of particles having different sizes,
which resulted in products having varied optical characteristics. The team also used DNA tethers on specified vertices to join octahedrons end to end
However, a major challenge was to validate the arrangement and structure of particles. This is because the DNA molecules and nanoparticles,
which constitute the frames, exhibit different densities. While some microscopy methods can show the particles alone
others would change the 3d structures. The team employed cryo-electron microscopy, also known as CRYO EM, to observe the particles and origami frames.
This work was headed by Huilin Li, Brookhaven Lab and Stony Brook University biologist, and Tong Wang, the other lead co-author of the paper and who also works with Li in the Biosciences department of Brookhaven.
and integrate the same by means of single particle 3d reconstruction and tomography to create the final images.
Hud and colleagues had wondered if the molecules necessary for life, such as the ancestor of DNA, could have developed in a water-free solution.
the chemistry necessary to make the molecules of life would be much easier without water being present. his work was inspired by research into the origins of life with the basic question of
"This framework also contains organic molecules and functional atoms, such as nitrogen, which allow us to tune the electronic properties of the carbon."
high conductivity for transporting electrons and a suitable pore architecture that allows for the rapid movement of ions from the electrolyte solution to the carbon surface."
"In the experiment, a current was applied to supercapacitors equipped with designer-carbon electrodes. The results were dramatic.
they produce molecules of lithium polysulfide, which can leak from the electrode into the electrolyte
"We can easily design electrodes with very small pores that allow lithium ions to diffuse through the carbon
#Nanopost Array Nanotechnology in REDICHIP Enables Rapid Identification of Small Molecules in Biofluids Known as REDICHIP#("Resonance-Enhanced Desorption Ionization),
and quantify small molecules in biofluids, in a contaminant-free environment. This breakthrough is made possible by a highly organized,
Our research indicates that one of the decay products of this reaction is HF, which would be a worrying thing to inject into a patient."
and collecting the electrons that are emitted subsequently from the very top layer of the material.
researchers at the University of Tsukuba in Japan have developed recently coupled microcantilevers that can make mass measurements on the order of nanograms with only a 1 percent margin of error--potentially enabling the weighing of individual molecules in liquid
Wu said. ee also able to pour the Fecl3 solution directly into the pyrrole solution--not drop by drop--to force the pyrrole to polymerize into a 3-D aerogel rather than PPY particles. n short,
and these particles not only serve as a cathode by corroding to protect the iron structure
the loss of zinc particles could be reduced rapidly. he team is now taking their work a step further by pursuing a 3-D PPY/PEDOT-based (poly (3,
4-ethylenedioxythiophene) electromagnetic absorber. ur goal is to grow solid-state polymerized PEDOT particles in the holes of the 3-D PPY aerogel formed by PPY chains, Wu added.
the electrons in the material are pushed towards the middle of the spiral, and a large amount of blue light is produced.
This is because the electrons are pushed to the outside of the spiral, which creates a destructive interference
The gold nano-spirals in this study were created using scanning electron-beam lithography-platinum or silver would also be suitable materials,
They directly examined separate atoms at the interface of two surfaces and altered their arrangement by tuning the quantity of friction between the surfaces.
constructed from parts of a single molecule in size. He adds that friction may be higher at the nanoscale,
Friction was created at the nanoscale by designing two surfaces, an optical lattice and an ion crystal,
The atoms are attracted to areas with minimum potential (trough area) when they pass such an electric field.
The ion crystal is charged a atomic grid created by Vuletic to analyze the effects of friction, atom by atom.
or charge neutral ytterbium atoms rising from a tiny heated oven. The atoms were cooled then down with more laser light to a temperature immediately above absolute zero.
Using voltages applied to metallic surfaces in very close proximity, it is possible to trap charged atoms.
When positively charged the atoms begin to repel each other due to the Coulomb force. The repulsion successfully maintains the atoms at a distance from each other,
such that they form lattice-or crystal-like surfaces. The MIT physicists applied the same forces used for trapping the atoms to pull
and push the ion crystal over the lattice, and to squeeze and stretch the ion crystal, in a motion similar to an accordion,
to modify the atomic spacing. They observed that the two surfaces underwent maximum friction, similar to two complementary Lego bricks,
when atoms in the ion crystal were spaced normally at intervals equaling the optical lattice spacing.
It was found that when the atomic spacing is such that each atom occupies a trough in the optical lattice,
if complete ion crystal is shifted across the optical lattice, initially the atoms tend to adhere to the troughs of the lattice.
This occurs due to their tendency to be attracted to a lower electric potential, and because of the Coulomb forces that cause the atoms to repel.
However, when a certain level of force is used, the ion crystal abruptly slips, as the atoms jointly move to the next trough. t like an earthquake,
Vuletic says. here force building up, and then there suddenly a catastrophic release of energy.
The team continued stretching and squeezing the ion crystal in order to influence the arrangement of atoms.
They found that if the atom spacing did not match that of the optical lattice,
friction between the two surfaces disappeared. In this situation, the crystal is inclined not to stick, and abruptly slips,
and continues to move smoothly across the optical lattice, similar to a caterpillar movement across a surface.
For example, in arrangements wherein certain atoms are in troughs, certain stoms in peaks, and other atoms in between troughs and peaks,
when the ion crystal is transferred across the optical lattice, one atom may move down a peak providing a little stress for another atom to move up a trough,
which may help pull another atom and so on. hat we can do is adjust at will the distance between the atoms to either be matched to the optical lattice for maximum friction,
or mismatched for no friction, Vuletic says. Gangloff adds that the team method can be used in other areas such as for controlling proteins, molecules,
and other biological parts. n the biological domain, there are various molecules and atoms in contact with one another, sliding along like biomolecular motors,
as a result of friction or lack of friction, Gangloff says. o this intuition for how to arrange atoms so as to minimize
or maximize friction could be applied. Tobias Schaetz, a professor of physics at the University of Freiburg in Germany, sees the results as a lear breakthroughin gaining insight into therwise inaccessible fundamental physics.
The method can be used in numerous areas from the nanoscale to the macroscale, he added. he applications
and related impact of their novel method propels a huge variety of research fields investigating effects relevant from raft tectonics down to biological systems
and motor proteins, says Schaetz, who was involved not in the research. ust imagine a nanomachine where we could control friction to enhance contact for traction,
which are an atom thick and about 10,000 times smaller than a human hair in diameter, in the membrane pores.
and some nanomaterials are only a few atoms in size. The method described in the Scientific Reports article tructural color printing based on plasmonic metasurfaces of perfect light absorptioninvolves the use of thin sandwiches of nanometer scale metal-dielectric materials known as metamaterials that interact with light
and is punctured with tiny holes created by a microfabrication process known as focused ion beam milling. The bottom layer of silver is four times thicker than the top layer but still minuscule at 100 nanometers.
#RMIT Wearable Sensor Patches Can Detect Harmful UV Radiation and Toxic Gases RMIT University researchers have created wearable sensor patches that detect harmful UV radiation and dangerous, toxic gases such as hydrogen and nitrogen dioxide.
These transparent, flexible electronics which can be worn as skin patches or incorporated into clothing-are bringing science fiction gadgets closer to real life.
stretchy electronic sensors are also capable of detecting harmful levels of UV radiation known to trigger melanoma.
and alert the user when radiation hits harmful levels. Gutruf said the research used zinc oxide-present in most sunscreens as a fine powder mixed into a lotion-as the UV sensing material.
One Dalton is roughly the mass of a proton or neutron, and several thousand Daltons are the mass of individual proteins and DNA molecules.
So the new optical sensor will allow for diagnosing diseases long before they can be detected by any other method,
it'll capture the viral particles in the analyzed environment. Oscillations will occur at a lower
configured to detect different particles or molecules. The price, thanks to the simplicity of the design
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