and they promise high power density, high rate capability, superb cycle stability and high energy density.
Conventional capacitors have high power density but low energy density, which means they can quickly charge
They have high energy density or can store a lot of electric energy, but can take hours to charge and discharge.
Supercapacitors are a bridge between conventional capacitors and batteries, combining the advantageous properties of high power, high energy density and low internal resistance,
is critical to achieve higher energy density. Meanwhile, to achieve a higher power density it is critical to have a large electrochemically accessible surface area, high electrical conductivity and short ion diffusion pathways.
Nanostructured active materials provide a means to these ends. How Scientists Built the New Electrode Inspired by previous research on improving conductivity via doping different metal oxide materials, Singh and Kalyan Mandal, another researcher and a professor at the S n. Bose
and reduces the distance for ion diffusion process, "said Singh. He explained that supercapacitors store charges through a chemical process known as a redox reaction,
which involves a material giving up electrons and transporting ions through another material at the interface between electrode and electrolyte.
Larger redox reaction surfaces are essential for achieving a higher power density for supercapacitors.""Moreover, the conductive Fe-Ni core provides a highway to accelerate the transport of electrons to the current collector,
which would improve the conductivity and electrochemical properties of the electrode, realizing high-performance supercapacitors,"Singh noted.
higher energy density and higher charging/discharging time.""For example, the current density of the hybrid electrode is three and 24 times higher than that of nickel/nickel oxide and iron/iron oxide electrodes, respectively,
and destroying norovirus Hansman's research team recently discovered that a"nanobody"called Nano-85 was able to bind to intact norovirus-like particles (VLPS) in culture.
"Interestingly, the investigators found that the site where Nano-85 bound to the P domain was hidden actually under the viral particle's surface."
and shuttle data with light instead of electrons. Electrical and computer engineering associate professor Rajesh Menon and colleagues describe their invention today in the journal Nature Photonics.
"But that information has to be converted to electrons when it comes into your laptop. In that conversion, you're slowing things down.
"Photons of light carry information over the Internet through fiber-optic networks. But once a data stream reaches a home or office destination,
the photons of light must be converted to electrons before a router or computer can handle the information.
And because photonic chips shuttle photons instead of electrons, mobile devices such as smartphones or tablets built with this technology would consume less power,
Simple design mimics pumping mechanism of life-sustaining proteins found in living cells The new machine mimics the pumping mechanism of life-sustaining proteins that move small molecules around living cells to metabolize and store energy
For its food, the artificial pump draws power from chemical reactions, driving molecules step-by-step from a low energy state to a high-energy state--far away from equilibrium.
"Our molecular pump is radical chemistry--an ingenious way of transferring energy from molecule to molecule,
and redistribute molecules around their cells, using vital carrier proteins, "he said.""We are trying to recreate the actions of these proteins using relatively simple small molecules we make in the laboratory."
"Details of the artificial molecular pump were published May 18 by the journal Nature Nanotechnology. Chuyang Cheng, a fourth-year graduate student in Stoddart's laboratory and first author of the paper, has spent his Ph d. studies researching molecules that mimic nature's biochemical machinery.
He first designed an artificial pump two years ago, but it required more than a year of testing prototypes before he found the ideal chemical structure."
"In some respects, we are asking the molecules to behave in a way that they would not do said normally,
The ring-shaped molecules we work with repel one another under normal circumstances. The artificial pump is able to syphon off some of the energy that changes hands during a chemical reaction
that allows molecules to flow"uphill"energetically.""This is non-equilibrium chemistry, moving molecules far away from their minimum energy state,
which is essential to life, "said Paul R. Mcgonigal, an author of the study.""Conducting non-equilibrium chemistry in this way, with simple artificial molecules, is one of the major challenges for science in the 21st century."
"Ultimately, they intend to use the energy stored in their pump to power artificial muscles and other molecular machines.
"In a way, one must learn to see things from the molecules'point of view, considering forces such as random thermal motion that one would never consider
forming a nanofiber string that winds around the platter as it continues to spin. The device can spin at more than 1
Twin boundaries in lithium-ion batteries May 21st, 2015insidde: Uncovering the real history of art using a graphene scanner May 21st,
Carbon-based nanoparticles could be used to sensitize cancerous tumors to proton radiotherapy and induce more focused destruction of cancer cells, a new study shows May 18th,
Twin boundaries in lithium-ion batteries May 21st, 2015insidde: Uncovering the real history of art using a graphene scanner May 21st,
Carbon-based nanoparticles could be used to sensitize cancerous tumors to proton radiotherapy and induce more focused destruction of cancer cells, a new study shows May 18th,
Twin boundaries in lithium-ion batteries May 21st, 2015insidde: Uncovering the real history of art using a graphene scanner May 21st,
Twin boundaries in lithium-ion batteries May 21st, 2015defects can'Hulk-up'materials: Berkeley lab study shows properly managed damage can boost material thermoelectric performances May 20th, 2015taking control of light emission:
#One step closer to a single-molecule device: Columbia Engineering researchers first to create a single-molecule diode--the ultimate in miniaturization for electronic devices--with potential for real-world applications Under the direction of Latha Venkataraman, associate professor of applied physics at Columbia Engineering,
researchers have designed a new technique to create a single-molecule diode, and, in doing so, they have developed molecular diodes that perform 50 times better than all prior designs.
Venkataraman's group is the first to develop a single-molecule diode that may have real-world technological applications for nanoscale devices.
Their paper,"Single-Molecule Diodes with High On-Off Ratios through Environmental Control""is published May 25 in Nature Nanotechnology."
"Our new approach created a single-molecule diode that has a high(>250) rectification and a high"on"current (0. 1 micro Amps),"says Venkataraman."
"Constructing a device where the active elements are only a single molecule has long been a tantalizing dream in nanoscience.
This goal, which has been the'holy grail'of molecular electronics ever since its inception with Aviram and Ratner's 1974 seminal paper, represents the ultimate in functional miniaturization that can be achieved for an electronic device."
and single molecules represent the limit of miniaturization. The idea of creating a single-molecule diode was suggested by Arieh Aviram
and Mark Ratner who theorized in 1974 that a molecule could act as a rectifier, a one-way conductor of electric current.
Researchers have since been exploring the charge-transport properties of molecules. They have shown that single-molecules attached to metal electrodes (single-molecule junctions) can be made to act as a variety of circuit elements
including resistors, switches, transistors, and, indeed, diodes. They have learned that it is possible to see quantum mechanical effects, such as interference, manifest in the conductance properties of molecular junctions.
Since a diode acts as an electricity valve, its structure needs to be asymmetric so that electricity flowing in one direction experiences a different environment than electricity flowing in the other direction.
In order to develop a single-molecule diode, researchers have designed simply molecules that have asymmetric structures.""While such asymmetric molecules do indeed display some diode-like properties,
they are not effective, "explains Brian Capozzi, a Phd student working with Venkataraman and lead author of the paper."
"A well-designed diode should only allow current to flow in one direction--the'on'direction
They created an environmental asymmetry through a rather simple method--they surrounded the active molecule with an ionic solution
and used gold metal electrodes of different sizes to contact the molecule. Their results achieved rectification ratios as high as 250: 50 times higher than earlier designs.
which, Venkataraman notes, is a lot of current to be passing through a single-molecule. And, because this new technique is implemented so easily,
and Kazuo Takimiya of the RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science managed to create a type of polymer solar cell called a bulk-heterojunction solar cellhere the electron donor
We believe that it is due to the alignment of molecules inside the mixed layers.""The researchers analyzed the composition of the materials using the SPRING-8 synchrotron facility in Harima,
the orientation of the molecules within the active layer was very commonly ace-on, an orientation well suited to the transport of electron holes through the material.
Takamiya says, e surmised that this was the secret to the success in the experiment.
and the Japan Synchrotron radiation Research Institute (JASRI). It was funded by the Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST) under its Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology program
Hud and colleagues had wondered if the molecules necessary for life, such as the ancestor of DNA, could have developed in a water-free solution.
the chemistry necessary to make the molecules of life would be much easier without water being present. his work was inspired by research into the origins of life with the basic question of
nanoelectronics manufacturing and scientists'ability to observe single molecules May 23rd, 2015nanotherapy effective in mice with multiple myeloma May 21st,
nanoelectronics manufacturing and scientists'ability to observe single molecules May 23rd, 2015aspen Aerogels to Present at the Cowen and Company Technology,
Non-aqueous solvent supports DNA NANOTECHNOLOGY May 27th, 2015one step closer to a single-molecule device: Columbia Engineering researchers first to create a single-molecule diode--the ultimate in miniaturization for electronic devices--with potential for real-world applications May 25th,
2015dna Double Helix Does Double Duty in Assembling Arrays of Nanoparticles: Synthetic pieces of biological molecule form framework and glue for making nanoparticle clusters and arrays May 25th, 2015engineering Phase changes in Nanoparticle Arrays:
Scientists alter attractive and repulsive forces between DNA-linked particles to make dynamic, phase-shifting forms of nanomaterials May 25th,
2015nanomedicine Who needs water to assemble DNA? Non-aqueous solvent supports DNA NANOTECHNOLOGY May 27th, 2015dna Double Helix Does Double Duty in Assembling Arrays of Nanoparticles:
Synthetic pieces of biological molecule form framework and glue for making nanoparticle clusters and arrays May 25th, 2015nanostructures Increase Corrosion resistance in Metallic Body Implants May 24th, 2015iranian
and repulsive forces between DNA-linked particles to make dynamic, phase-shifting forms of nanomaterials May 25th,
Synthetic pieces of biological molecule form framework and glue for making nanoparticle clusters and arrays May 25th, 2015engineering Phase changes in Nanoparticle Arrays:
and repulsive forces between DNA-linked particles to make dynamic, phase-shifting forms of nanomaterials May 25th,
nanoelectronics manufacturing and scientists'ability to observe single molecules May 23rd,201 0
#Nanotech Secures Additional Patents in Advanced Security Features: New patented features gain attention from the banknote industry Clint Landrock,
which the molecules are stabilised so that the material does not collapse.""The result is a material that is both strong, light and soft,
The largest obstacle is the necessity of a huge and expensive cooling system with liquid helium, because of the low Tc of conventional superconductors,
The researchers at first fabricated high-quality, atomically thin Fese films Fig. 1, with thickness of between one monolayer (which corresponds to three-atoms thickness) and twenty monolayers (sixty-atoms thickness
the researchers have discovered a novel method to deposit alkali atoms onto the films and thereby control the electron density in the film.
By employing this method, the researchers have succeeded in converting non-superconducting multilayer Fese films into high-Tc superconductors with Tc as high as 50 K. The present result gives a great impact to both the basic
closely approaching the temperature of liquid nitrogen (77 K). The present report would lead to intensive researches to further increase Tc by changing the number of atomic layers, the amount of doped electrons and the species of substrate.
because the Tc of 50-60 K achieved in the present study is high enough to keep the superconducting state by using a closed-cycle-gas-type cooling system without liquid helium.
leading to the realization of future-generation electronic devices with high energy-saving and ultrahigh-speed operation.
compact and low energy-use products, said Ludovic Poupinet, head of Leti Optics and Photonics Department. eti technology breakthrough is the first demonstration of a high-brightness,
"We're also able to pour the Fecl3 solution directly into the pyrrole solution--not drop by drop--to force the pyrrole to polymerize into a 3-D aerogel rather than PPY particles."
and these particles not only serve as a cathode by corroding to protect the iron structure
the loss of zinc particles could be reduced rapidly.""The team is now taking their work a step further by pursuing a 3-D PPY/PEDOT-based (poly (3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene) electromagnetic absorber."
"Our goal is to grow solid-state polymerized PEDOT particles in the holes of the 3-D PPY aerogel formed by PPY chains,"Wu added d
it is absorbed by electrons in the gold arms. The arms are so thin that the electrons are forced to move along the spiral.
Electrons that are driven toward the center absorb enough energy so that some of them emit blue light at double the frequency of the incoming infrared light."
"This is similar to what happens with a violin string when it is bowed vigorously, "said Stevenson Professor of Physics Richard Haglund,
The electrons at the center of the spirals are driven pretty vigorously by the laser's electric field.
because the polarization pushes the electrons toward the center of the spiral. Counterclockwise polarized light
because the polarization tends to push the electrons outward so that the waves from all around the nano-spiral interfere destructively.
So far, Davidson has experimented with small arrays of gold nano-spirals on a glass substrate made using scanning electron-beam lithography.
The researchers have studied the sensitivity of thermometers created with a handful of atoms, small enough to be capable of showing typical quantum-style behaviours.
which deals with ultra-precise measures in quantum systems. The physicists searched to find the maximum precision which could be achieved in a real situation, in
This work has been performed in co-operation with Professor Ion Tiginyanu and his team members from the Technical University of Moldova
In the nano cosmos, other than in our macroscopic world, the rules of quantum physics apply. In Kinsis, material scientists, chemists, physicists, biologists, electrical engineers, information scientists, food scientists and physicians work closely together.
Due to the weak electron-phonon coupling in graphene, 2d Dirac massless carriers can present a much more elevated temperature than the graphene lattice.
Dualbeam Plasma Focused Ion beam for Electrical Fault Isolation & Failure Analysis: New Helios PFIB EFI is integrated a fully deprocessing
2015entangled photons unlock new supersensitive characterisation of quantum technology June 1st, 2015stanford breakthrough heralds super-efficient light-based computers:
Synthetic pieces of biological molecule form framework and glue for making nanoparticle clusters and arrays May 25th, 2015discoveries Tissue Engineering Scaffolds Produced from Natural Silk in Iran June 8th,
2015entangled photons unlock new supersensitive characterisation of quantum technology June 1st, 2015ucf Research and Innovation Recognized at International Conference May 31st,201 0
"In our study, we make use of the fact that a heat current passing through a magnetic material creates a separation of electron spins.
a Donald B. Willett Professor of Engineering and head of the Department of Materials science and engineering at Illinois."The physics of separating spins with heat currents is related to the operation of thermocouples and the thermoelectric generators that power deep space
""We use the spin current created by ultrafast heat conduction to generate spin transfer torque.
Spin transfer torque is the transfer of the spin angular momentum from conduction electrons to the magnetization of a ferromagnet
and enables the manipulation of nanomagnets with spin currents rather than magnetic fields, "explained Gyung-Min Choi,
who recently completed his Phd in materials science and engineering at Illinois."Spin transfer torque has often been realized by passing electrical currents through magnetic layers.
"Thermal spin transfer torque driven by the spin-dependent Seebeck effect in metallic spin-valves,
The spin-dependent Seebeck effect refers to the analogous phenomenon involving the spin of electrons in a ferromagnet."
"We quantify thermal spin transfer torque in metallic spin valve structures using an intense and ultrafast heat current created by picosecond--one trillionth of a second--pulses of laser light,"Cahill added."
The sign and magnitude of the heat-driven spin current can be controlled by the composition of a ferromagnetic layer and thickness of a heat sink layer
Previously, scientists could examine changes in nanostructures only by looking at the large-scale alterations of a bulk population of particles
This is necessary because materials are susceptible to being destroyed by the high energy electron beam that is used to image them.
Plasma Focused Ion beam for Electrical Fault Isolation & Failure Analysis: New Helios PFIB EFI is integrated a fully deprocessing
2015entangled photons unlock new supersensitive characterisation of quantum technology June 1st, 2015laboratories World's smallest spirals could guard against identity theft June 4th, 2015using robots at Berkeley Lab,
and repulsive forces between DNA-linked particles to make dynamic, phase-shifting forms of nanomaterials May 25th, 2015scientists Use Nanoscale Building blocks and DNA'Glue'to Shape 3d Superlattices:
Lights on--molecule on: Researchers from Dresden and Konstanz succeed in light-controlled molecule switching April 20th,
2015discoveries Researchers analyze the structure of bird feathers to create hues without dye June 8th, 2015new composite material as CO2 sensor June 8th, 2015diffusion and Remote Detection of Hot-Carriers in Graphene June 8th,
2015tissue Engineering Scaffolds Produced from Natural Silk in Iran June 8th, 2015tools FEI Launches New Dualbeam Plasma Focused Ion beam for Electrical Fault Isolation & Failure Analysis:
barrier films June 3rd, 2015measuring the mass of molecules on the nanoscale: By observing the shift in eigenstates of coupled microcantilevers,
Graphene layer one atom thick could quadruple rate of condensation heat transfer in generating plants June 1st,
as the graphene patches and diamond particles rub up against a large diamond-like carbon surface, the graphene rolls itself around the diamond particle, creating something that looks like a ball bearing on the nanoscopic level."
when atoms in materials that slide against each other become"locked in state, "which requires additional energy to overcome."
the atoms-causes an entanglement between the materials that prevents easy sliding.""By creating the graphene-encapsulated diamond ball bearings,
enough diamond particles and graphene patches prevent the two surfaces from becoming locked in state.
2015laboratories NIST's'nano-raspberries'could bear fruit in fuel cells June 9th, 2015mesoporous Particles for the Development of Drug Delivery System Safe to Human bodies June 9th,
Advanced method opens up new opportunities for investigation of dynamic processes June 9th, 2015mesoporous Particles for the Development of Drug Delivery System Safe to Human bodies June 9th, 2015mems MEMS Industry
a solid material with spin-transition solution-like behaviour June 5th, 2015nantero Closes $30m+Series E Round;
2015stable Perovskite Solar cells Developed through Structural Simplification June 9th, 2015materials/Metamaterials Mesoporous Particles for the Development of Drug Delivery System Safe to Human bodies June 9th,
Techconnect is the world's largest accelerator for industry-vetted emerging-technologies ready for commercialization June 11th, 2015synthesis of Special Nanoparticles in Iran to Increase MRI Contrast June 11th, 2015investigation of Optical
#Buckle up for fast ionic conduction Abstract: ETH material engineers found that the performance of ion-conducting ceramic membranes that are so important in industry depends largely on their strain
and buckling profiles. For the first time, scientists can now selectively manipulate the buckling profile, and thus the physical properties, allowing new technical applications of these membranes."
"Ionics, ion-based data processing and energy conversion, is the electronics of the future, "says Jennifer Rupp, a professor of Electrochemical Materials at ETH Zurich,
Together with her group, Rupp produces ceramic materials that can conduct charged atoms (ions), such as oxygen or lithium ions, very quickly.
so that ions can move more quickly within them. In a study just published in the scientific journal Nature Materials
several doctoral students in her group demonstrated how ion transport depends greatly on the manner in
"This is one of the most frequently used ion conductors in the industry, "explains Sebastian Schweiger, a doctoral student.
In turn, this greatly influences the conductivity of the membrane for oxygen ions. The scientists are able to describe this effect in detail."
and ion conductivity of such membranes,"says Alexander Bork, another doctoral student. In recent decades, scientists have attempted mainly to influence the conductivity of such ion conductors by deliberately'contaminating'the material with certain foreign atoms-in technical terms,
doping. The ETH researchers have shown now that the conductivity can be controlled to a much greater degree by manipulation of the strain
In the experiment with the strain of the ion conductor, we have now found a possible explanation for this behaviour,
It now appears possible to optimise the characteristics of ion-conducting membranes. This supports the development of future gas sensors, ion-based data storage and micro energy converters, such as fuel cells-and potentially a range of other as yet unknown applications in the promising field of ionics.##
###For more information, please click herecontacts: Dr. Jennifer Ruppwriteemail('mat. ethz. ch','jennifer. rupp';'41-792-900-697copyright ETH Zurichissuers of news releases, not 7th Wave, Inc. or Nanotechnology Now, are solely responsible for the accuracy of the content.
2015jpk reports the exploration of living cells using nanoscale and single molecule techniques through the application of scanning probe microscopy in the group of Yves Dufrne at the Catholic University of Louvain, Belgium June 16th,
Columbia engineers and colleagues create bright, visible light emission from one-atom thick carbon June 15th, 2015energy Designer electronics out of the printer:
"Although surface atoms represent a minuscule fraction of the total number of atoms in a material, these atoms drive a large portion of the material's chemical interactions with its environment."
The article is titled"Surface Determination through Atomically Resolved Secondary Electron Imaging.""Other co-authors are Hamish Brown, Adrian D'Alfonso, Pratik Koirala, Colin Ophus, Yuyuan Lin, Yuya Suzuki, Hiromi Inada, Yimei Zhu, Les Allen,
and improve material performance it is vital to know how the atoms are arranged at surfaces. While there are now many good methods for obtaining this information for rather flat surfaces,
""The beauty of this technique is that we can image surface atoms and bulk atoms simultaneously,"says co-author Zhu, a scientist at Brookhaven National Laboratory."
"Currently none of any existing methods can achieve this.""Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is an excellent technique for studying surfaces
and bulk atoms simultaneously, retaining much of the surface sensitivity of traditional SEM through secondary electrons.
Secondary electrons are the result of a highly energized beam of electrons striking a material
and causing atoms in the material to emit energy in the form of electrons rather than photons.
As a large portion of secondary electrons are emitted from the surface of a material in addition to its bulk they are good resources for obtaining information about atomic surface structure.
"Existing secondary electron image simulation methods had to be extended to take into account contributions from valence orbitals in the material,
and analyzed in detail a series of HRSEM images of a particular arrangement of atoms at the surface of strontium titanate.
These experiments were coupled with careful secondary electron image simulations, density functional theory calculations, and aberration-corrected high resolution transmission electron microscopy."
2015cellulose from wood can be printed in 3-D June 17th, 2015solar cells in the roof and nanotechnology in the walls June 16th, 2015buckle up for fast ionic conduction June 16th,
and purification processes that can take days-the new approach generates the particles in a few hours
you can pretty much make these particles at home, "Pan said.""You just mix them together and cook it for a few minutes,
or fluorescing molecules to help detect them in the body. The nanoparticles are coated with polymers that fine-tune their optical properties and their rate of degradation in the body.
"So, these tiny particles are camouflaged kind of, I would say; they are hiding from the human immune system."
"We think we coated this particle with a specific polymer and with specific drug-loading
We use spectroscopy to confirm the formulation as well as visualize the delivery of the particles and drug molecules."
In further experiments, the researchers found they could alter the infusion of the particles into melanoma cells by adjusting the polymer coatings.
so you can do multidrug therapy with the same particles.""""By using defined surface chemistry,
we can change the properties of these particles, "Pan said.""We can make them glow at a certain wavelength
Techconnect is the world's largest accelerator for industry-vetted emerging-technologies ready for commercialization June 11th, 2015synthesis of Special Nanoparticles in Iran to Increase MRI Contrast June 11th,
Yu team is the first to demonstrate that the ants use a coat of uniquely shaped hairs to control electromagnetic waves over an extremely broad range from the solar spectrum (visible and near-infrared) to the thermal radiation spectrum (mid-infrared
spectrum and high radiative efficiency in the thermal radiation spectrum, Yu explains. o this may generate useful applications such as a cooling surface for vehicles, buildings, instruments,
Using electron microscopy and ion beam milling, Yu group discovered that the ants are covered on the top
where they serve as an antireflection layer that enhances the antsability to offload excess heat via thermal radiation,
This passive cooling effect works under the full sun whenever the insects are exposed to the clear sky. o appreciate the effect of thermal radiation,
says Yu. alf of the energy loss at that moment is due to thermal radiation since your skin temperature is temporarily much higher than that of the surrounding environment.
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