based on the amount of green light absorbed in the skin and the amount reflected back. Another camera, through ultraviolet light, illuminates dvanced glycation end products
which are substances that have been linked with diabetes and other diseases. The mirror can also assess nutrition and physical activity.
researchers in Britain have developed an acoustic hologram that can hold, move and manipulate objects in mid-air.
Similar freestanding haptic holograms have been developed previously, but without the precision required to hold an object in place
and moves data with photons of light instead of electrons would make today chips look like proverbial horses and buggies.
and do so at, well, light speed. Researchers have made already photon-friendly chips, with optical lines that replace metal wires and optical memory circuits.
not only how light reflects off the film, but also how much of it is absorbed. When a transparent material lay underneath the GST film
which contains and channels pulses of light. They then placed a nanoscale patch of GST atop this waveguide.
the scientists piped an intense pulse of light into the waveguide. The high intensity of the light electromagnetic field melted the GST
they beamed in less intense pulses of light and measured how much light was transmitted through the waveguide. If little light was absorbed,
they knew their data spot on the GST had an amorphous order; if more was absorbed, that meant it was crystalline.
For starters, they sent multiple wavelengths of light through the waveguide at the same time, allowing them to write
which the authors call an"acoustic hologram, "that can support the bead against the pull of gravity.
As the algorithm tunes the phases, the interference pattern and resulting hologram change, enabling researchers to move the bead around.
The algorithm can fashion acoustic holograms of various spatial configurations, but Drinkwater and his team focused on three:
offer a prime example. ne of the big issues today is the light source, Kimerling explains. n commercial applications today the light source is bump-bonded,
independently of the optical circuit, but it would be great to get a monolithic light source.
Our germanium laser would be a way to do that. It's at the research rather than the commercial stage at this point,
director of the Wireless@MIT center. ou could also imagine it being used to operate your lights and TVS,
With that motion, the two lights trace an arc that is recorded by a camera positioned about 1. 5 meters to the side of the patient.
which light reflected off of virtual objects. This is essentially, how Pixar makes movies. Some researchers,
in principle, be produced by light of any color, coming from any direction, reflecting off of a surface of the right color with the right orientation.
Manufacturing consistency Thermal and mechanical fatigue, including vibration Durability to ultraviolet light, humidity, temperature, and voltage Diodes, shading,
and durability issues associated with ultraviolet light exposure. Manufacturers can differentiate themselves from their competitors and optimize their module designs for the intended applications,
They designed a pixel that can not only measure incident light but also convert the incident light into electric power.
The same photodiode is used also in solar panels to convert incident light to electric power. The photodiode in a camera pixel is used in the photoconductive mode
"So that little thing that's so light,"he says, "is actually stronger than steel.""The F/A-18 Hornet became the U s. Navy and Marine corps'first strike fighter in 1978;
of advancing experiments that use ultrafast electron diffraction to reveal the structure and dynamics of matter.
The wavelength of this radiation is around 1000 times shorter than the electromagnetic radiation used by current particle accelerators the Large hadron collider uses 400 MHZ microwaves everything else on the terahertz accelerator can also be 1000 times smaller.
This involves Eve shining a bright light at Alice and then measuring the reflected light to try
and work out how Alice is encoding a series of photons sent to her by Bob that will constitute the secret key.
suggesting that an additional detector could be installed to register the light from any damaging laser beams.
but also paves a new way to systematically search binary black holes via the nature of their ultraviolet light emission,
a device that you can see under an optical microscope, and wee seeing the quantum effects in a trillion atoms instead of just one.
Coauthors Aashish Clerk from Mcgill University and Florian Marquardt from the Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light proposed a novel method to control the quantum noise,
#Engineers Develop Optical devices That Shape Light in Exotic Ways Engineers from the Jet propulsion laboratory and the California Institute of technology have developed innovative flat,
optical lenses that are capable of manipulating light in ways that are difficult or impossible to achieve with conventional optical devices.
Manipulating the polarization of light is essential for the operation of advanced microscopes, cameras and displays;
Additionally, the new, flat lenses can be used to modify the shape of light beams at will. Semiconductor lasers typically emit into elliptical beams that are really hard to work with
and light may be allowed to propagate in one direction but not the other. Now, in a paper published in the journal Nature,
#Scientists Develop an Ultrathin Invisibility Cloak for Visible light A team of scientists have invented an ultra-thin invisibility cloak that can conform to the shape of an object
and conceal it from detection with visible light. Invisibility cloaks are a staple of science fiction and fantasy, from Star trek to Harry potter,
and conceal it from detection with visible light. Although this cloak is only microscopic in size,
The surface of the skin cloak was engineered meta to reroute reflected light waves so that the object was rendered invisible to optical detection
when the cloak is activated. his is the first time a 3d object of arbitrary shape has been cloaked from visible light,
The paper is titled n Ultra-Thin Invisibility Skin Cloak for Visible light. Xingjie Ni and Zi Jing Wong are the lead authors.
It is the scattering of light be infrared it visible , X-ray, etc.,from its interaction with matter that enables us to detect
For the past ten years, Zhang and his research group have been pushing the boundaries of how light interacts with metamaterials,
what it concealed was not. reating a carpet cloak that works in air was so difficult we had embed to it in a dielectric prism that introduced an additional phase in the reflected light,
when red light struck an arbitrarily shaped 3d sample object measuring approximately 1, 300 square microns in area that was wrapped conformally in the gold nanoantenna skin cloak,
the light reflected off the surface of the skin cloak was identical to light reflected off a flat mirror,
and the phase of the scattered light so that the object remains perfectly hidden, says co-lead author Zi Jing Wong,
The ability to manipulate the interactions between light and metamaterials offers tantalizing future prospects for technologies such as high resolution optical microscopes and superfast optical computers.
Invisibility skin cloaks on the microscopic scale might prove valuable for hiding the detailed layout of microelectronic components or for security encryption purposes.
and conceal it from detection with visible light. Invisibility cloaks are a staple of science fiction and fantasy, from Star trek to Harry potter,
and conceal it from detection with visible light. Although this cloak is only microscopic in size,
The surface of the skin cloak was engineered meta to reroute reflected light waves so that the object was rendered invisible to optical detection
when the cloak is activated. his is the first time a 3d object of arbitrary shape has been cloaked from visible light,
The paper is titled n Ultra-Thin Invisibility Skin Cloak for Visible light. Xingjie Ni and Zi Jing Wong are the lead authors.
It is the scattering of light be infrared it visible , X-ray, etc.,from its interaction with matter that enables us to detect
For the past ten years, Zhang and his research group have been pushing the boundaries of how light interacts with metamaterials,
what it concealed was not. reating a carpet cloak that works in air was so difficult we had embed to it in a dielectric prism that introduced an additional phase in the reflected light,
when red light struck an arbitrarily shaped 3d sample object measuring approximately 1, 300 square microns in area that was wrapped conformally in the gold nanoantenna skin cloak,
the light reflected off the surface of the skin cloak was identical to light reflected off a flat mirror,
and the phase of the scattered light so that the object remains perfectly hidden, says co-lead author Zi Jing Wong,
The ability to manipulate the interactions between light and metamaterials offers tantalizing future prospects for technologies such as high resolution optical microscopes and superfast optical computers.
Invisibility skin cloaks on the microscopic scale might prove valuable for hiding the detailed layout of microelectronic components or for security encryption purposes.
an element used in incandescent light bulbs. As the sample was tilted 62 times the researchers were able to slowly assemble a 3-D model of 3, 769 atoms in the tip of the tungsten sample.
They also looked at an indirect and much less studied effect of UV LIGHT. When the active ingredients of sunscreen absorb UV LIGHT,
a chemical change triggers the generation of oxygen-carrying molecules known as reactive oxygen species (ROS). If a sunscreen agents penetrate the skin,
The findings are particularly significant in the light of improving life expectancies and the associated increase in cases of ARMD.
#A Light-Reflecting Balloon Catheter Repairs the Heart without Surgery Harvard-affiliated researchers have designed a specialized catheter for fixing holes in the heart by using a biodegradable adhesive and patch.
Their catheter device utilizes UV LIGHT technology and can be used to place the patch in a beating heart.
The clinician then deploys the patch and turns on the catheter UV LIGHT. The light reflects off of the balloon shiny interior
and activates the patch adhesive coating. As the glue cures, pressure from the positioning balloons on either side of the patch help secure it in place.
and then activate it using UV LIGHT, all within a matter of five minutes, and in an atraumatic way that doesn require a separate incision. e
light and texture, it is a major step. t does indeed sound like a major step when Nili goes on to describe the capability of the newly tuned memristors. e have introduced now controlled faults or defects in the oxide material along with the addition of metallic atoms,
#See through Walls by the Glow of Your Wi-fi It used to be that a bad guy besieged by police could just shoot out the lights and hide in the dark.
and whether the fog lights are on. Auxiliary data might include barometric pressure, the temperature of the road itself (taken by infrared sensors), barometric pressure,
The semitransparent design of these solar cells means that they can absorb light from both sides
and could allow them to be used as windows that serve the dual function of letting light into a building
In the design of the Hong kong researcherssolar cell, the perovskite serves as active layer for harvesting the light,
The semitransparent design of these solar cells means that they can absorb light from both sides
and could allow them to be used as windows that serve the dual function of letting light into a building
In the design of the Hong kong researcherssolar cell, the perovskite serves as active layer for harvesting the light,
The researchers applied the experimental spectroscopy technique to examine hydrogen absorption in single palladium nanoparticles.
#Reseachers Create First Integrated Circularly Polarized Light detector on a Silicon chip What do you get when you combine some biomimicry, metamaterials and nanowires?
It turns out to be integrated the first circularly polarized light detector on a silicon chip. Its development could usher in a new generation of portable sensors that can use polarized light for applications ranging from drug screening to quantum computing.
Researchers at Vanderbilt University have used silver nanowires to fabricate a metamaterial that is capable of detecting polarized light in a way not unlike the way cuttlefish, bees,
the polarization state of light can provide a lot of valuable information, said assistant professor Jason Valentine in a press release. owever,
In contrast to non-polarized light, in which the electric fields of the photons are oriented in random directions,
With circularly polarized light, the plane is continually rotating through 360 degrees.)One of the distinguishing capabilities of circularly polarized light (CPL) is that it can discern the difference between right-handed and left-handed versions of molecules property known as chirality.
#MIT's 3-D Microwave Camera Can See through Walls Visible light is all well and good for things like eyeballs,
in 3-D. A microwave camera is sort of like a cross between a visible light camera and a radar imaging system,
including the use of reconfigurable focal-plane sensors or shrinking the transmission wavelength from microwave (3 cm) down to millimeter wave (5 mm),
the wavelength is long enough that we can fabricate waveguides with conventional machining techniques, provide accurate timing,
his proof-of-principle terahertz linear accelerator demonstrates the potential for an all-optical acceleration scheme that can be integrated readily into small-scale laboratories providing users with electron beams that will enable new experiments in ultrafast electron diffraction and X-ray production
The researchers added their new lights nearly meet the most stringent requirements of the National Television systems Committee (NTSC),
which emits deep blue light very brightly. This compound also emits light efficiently because its design reduces the chances that light-emitting excitonslectrons bound to their positively charged counterparts,
holesill either get lost as heat or destroy the compound itself, Lee says. Unfortunately, this new PHOLED has a brief operational lifetime,
just like many other blue PHOLEDS, Lee says. Future research will focus on stabilizing the molecule at the heart of this new PHOLED to create a longer-lasting version of the device.
or infrared light) and measuring how it bounces or otherwise interacts with the environment. They work well for indoor situations and benefit from an existing base of software designed for this technique,
The scientists used a spectroscopy technique to analyze the chemical composition of dark streaks (which NASA refers to as Recurring Slope Lineae
you have electrical conduits, lights, and outlets. n order for DOM Indoors to be viable in real life,
because the researchers use a red dye to tune the wavelength of light it captures
because the researchers use a red dye to tune the wavelength of light it captures
"We're good at generating electrons from light efficiently, but chemical synthesis always limited our systems in the past,
Visitors to the cave must have created artificial light, as with a torch, Wood said. The people who did cave drawings in Europe had such technology,
the new technique has some similarities to the burgeoning use of light to activate cells
The new method-which uses the same type of waves used in medical sonograms-may have advantages over the light-based approach-known as optogenetics-particularly
and conceal them from detection with visible light. Although the cloak is microscopic, the principles behind the technology should enable it to be scaled-up to conceal macroscopic items as well,
The cloak's surface was metaengineered to re-route reflected light waves to render the object invisible to optical detection when activated.
"This is the first time a 3d object of arbitrary shape has been cloaked from visible light, "said author Xiang Zhang, director of US department of energy's Berkeley l Laboratory material sciences division n
which colors of light they absorb. But this instrument, a spectrometer, is not as sharp as the camera,
#UV LIGHT-enabled catheter to fix holes in heart without operation WASHINGTON: Researchers have designed a specialised catheter for fixing holes in the heart using a biodegradable adhesive
Their newly designed catheter device utilises UV LIGHT technology, and can be used to place the patch in a beating heart.
The clinician then deploys the patch and turns on the catheter's UV LIGHT. The light reflects off of the balloon's interior
and activates the patch's adhesive coating. As the glue cures, pressure from the positioning balloons on either side of the patch help secure it in place.
Researchers have built now a working tractor beam that uses high-amplitude sound waves to generate an acoustic hologram
"Here we individually control dozens of loudspeakers to tell us an optimal solution to generate an acoustic hologram that can manipulate multiple objects in real-time without contact,
flexible tube with a light and camera attached to its end passes through a person digestive system.
which have a much shorter wavelength than the incident sound waves that produce them, and since the evanescent waves decay very fast as they propagate,
and the method needs to be refined before it can be applied in practice. ecause the size of the polymer structure has to be adjusted to the operational wavelength,
As the directed light moves upward and hardens the resin, the object is built layer by layer,
durable prints. he big work wee done is to deploy the chemistry for a new resin that is capable of being cured not by UV LIGHT,
which is solidified then once exposed to UV LIGHT. This advanced process results in these 3d printed microfish, able to swim naturally through liquids,
and detoxification is monitored easily due to the red light that is emitted on the device when nanoparticles are introduced to the particular toxins.
and can render it undetectable with visible light. The researchers said while their experiments involved cloaking a miniscule object they believe the technology could be made to conceal larger objects, with military and other possible applications.
Their surfaces bear features much smaller than the size of a wavelength of light. They redirect incoming light waves,
The cloaking'skin'boasts microscopic light scattering antennae that make light bouncing off an object look
*and ion concentration--critical markers for many disorders--rely on various nanosensors that are probed using light at optical frequencies.
and orders of magnitude larger than any equivalent frequency shifting observed through traditional magnetic resonance spectroscopy approaches.
in this case, the light-emitting layer and all other components are produced by means of wet-chemical, printable methods.
which the light-emitting particles are sandwiched in a dielectric binder layer. At least one of the conductive layers is also transparent.
On application of an AC voltage, light is emitted from the electroluminescent layer. e embed luminous particles in the form of functionalized zinc sulphide nanoparticles as phosphors into the binder layer,
At present this allows the generation of green and blue-green light. The electroluminescent light sheets developed at the INM can be connected directly to the customary mains voltage of 230 volts.
The researchers are currently working on further functionalization of the phosphor nanoparticles. ur goal is to generate white light by means of an altered doping
instead scanning the sample with infrared light to directly measure the chemical composition of the cells.
For example, the chemistry of the hydrogel can be modified to respond to changes in temperature, light, electric and magnetic fields,
and chemical materials are caused by wavelength selective light absorption in organic molecules. Currently, colors on computer and iphone screens come from dye materials pre-placed on the pixels.
because one wavelength of light is absorbed completely, "explains Dr. Guo, while his student holds a collection of color samples."
A lot of colors you see in nature are due to wavelength selective light absorption in organic molecules which cannot withstand high temperatures,
Ultraviolet light destroys organic dye molecules over time, leading to color change and fading. The new technology may hold promise for many applications such as for jewelry, automotive interior trim, aviation, signage, colored keypads, wearable and electronic displays.
Microscopythe Microscopy business group at ZEISS is the world's only manufacturer of light, X-ray and electron microscopes.
The product range includes light and laser scanning microscopes, X-ray microscopes, electron and ion microscopes and spectrometer modules.
STORM overcomes the diffraction limit that normally restricts the spatial resolution of conventional microscopes and enables us to precisely define the chromatin fibre structure states Prof.
if we want to see an object smaller than the wavelength of visible light, we cannot use conventional optics.
The photographic"slices"are recombined then using clever holography software that digitally"stains"the cells, labeling its different parts.
California, has developed a miniaturized sensor based on Raman spectroscopy that can quickly and accurately detect or diagnose substances at a molecular level. ur system can do chemistry, biology, biochemistry, molecular biology, clinical diagnosis,
without much human intervention. he technology is enhanced based on surface Raman spectroscopy, a technique for molecular fingerprinting.
The key discovery that led to the formation of Optokey was the development of the nanoplasmonic resonators to dramatically improve the signal and reliability of Raman spectroscopy.
Besides Chen, the other cofounder is Richard Mathies, a UC Berkeley chemistry professor and world-renowned expert on Raman spectroscopy.
#Dresden Nanoscope Combines Microscopy and Ultra-Fast Spectroscopy for Precise Filming of Dynamic Processes To gain even deeper insights into the smallest of worlds,
near-field optical microscopy and ultra-fast spectroscopy. Computer-assisted technology developed especially for this purpose combines the advantages of both methods
microscopy and ultra-fast spectroscopy. It enables unaltered optical measurements of extremely small, dynamic changes in biological, chemical or physical processes.
This creates highly bundled light a hundred times smaller than the wavelength of light, which otherwise represents the limit of"normaloptics with lenses and mirrors. n principle,
we can use the entire wavelength spectrum of near-field microscopy, from ultraviolet to the terahertz range, says Dr. Susanne Kehr from the TU Dresden. he focused light delivers energy to the sample,
Using ultra-fast spectroscopy is the crucial tool, on the other hand, enabling scientists to study dynamic processes on short timescales and with extreme sensitivity.
The principle in such pump-probe experiments that function, for example, with light, pressure or electric field pulses is as follows:
Universal in every respectith our nanoscope considerable wavelength coverage, dynamic processes can be studied with the best suited wavelengths for the specific process under study.
Our colleagues at the Freie Universität Berlin have, for example, the ambitious dream of tracking structural changes during the photocycle of an individual membrane protein at specific wavelengthes in the infrared spectrum,
The probe pulse wavelengths can, in principle, reach from the low terahertz range to the ultraviolet range.
Hybrid approaches such as ours bring together multiple capabilities, in this case, spectroscopy and high-resolution microscopy. Rubye Farahi Closer observation of the new hybrid microscope reveals a photonic module
As brighter and more powerful light sources come online researchers are devising new ways to overcome these limitations.
its routine practical realization has only now become feasible with the advent of modern X-ray light sources.
This novel reconstruction method plays a central role in mapping out the strengths of fluctuation scattering as a routine biophysical technique. vercoming the Limitations of Traditional Imagingwith advances in light source technology,
diffraction can be done in a many different ways. If particles can be organized into sufficiently large crystals,
As an alternative and complementary technique, structural biologists often gather diffraction patterns from particles in solution. However, in these so called small-and wide-angle x-ray scattering (SAXS/WAXS) experiments
One solution to overcome the limitations of SAXS/WAXS is to build faster and brighter light sources that can ake a picturefar quicker than this rotational diffusion time.
such as the Linac Coherent light Source (LCLS) at Stanford. Extracting additional angular correlation information through a technique known as fluctuation X-ray scattering (FXS) has been suggested
which measures diffraction intensities and only requires recovering the missing complex phases, inverting FXS data requires the recovery of the three-dimensional intensity information as well.
including work at synchrotron light sources and nanoscience research centers. OE light sources offer a rich environment for tackling wonderful math problems whose solutions can make a major impact on fast moving sciencesays Sethian. ombining Zwart insight into the problem with Donatelli
background in harmonic analysis and iterative phasing algorithms set the stage for a new way to think about reconstruction from FXS data. he Future of FXSBEAMTIME at the LCLS was awarded recently to the authors as part of a large multi-institutional collaboration to collect FXS data
but this is an important breakthrough. he researchers emphasize that FXS data may also be collected using an ultrabright synchrotron light source from particles cryogenically frozen in place.
The National institutes of health recently awarded Zwart and coworkers a new detector for the development of this method on synchrotron light sources. ecent advances in detectors,
says Steven Kevan, Deputy Director for Science at the Berkeley Lab Advanced Light source (ALS). e are looking forward to the development of this technique at the Advanced Light source. he researchers note that
although the method they developed has been applied on problems specific to the life sciences, it can be extended to other applications in material and energy sciences as well.
The experiments, at the Linac Coherent light Source (LCLS) X-ray laser at the Department of energy's SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory
whose spatial resolution surpasses a theoretical limit imposed by the wavelength of light, offering extraordinary visual detail of structures inside cells.
while it is illuminated by a pattern of light (more like a bar code than the light from a lamp).
Several different light patterns are applied, and the resulting moiré patterns are captured from several angles each time by a digital camera.
and the fact that it took so much less light than the other methods, "Betzig says.
then a wave of light is used to deactivate most of them. After exposure to the deactivating light,
only molecules at the darkest regions of the light wave continue to fluoresce. These provide higher frequency information
What's more, the repeated light exposure damages cells and their fluorescent labels.""The problem with this approach is that you first turn on all the molecules,
A new pattern of light is used to deactivate molecules, and additional information is read out of their deactivation.
The combined effect of those patterns leads to final images with 62-nanometer resolution--better than standard SIM and a threefold improvement over the limits imposed by the wavelength of light."
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