Space colaterale

Atmosphere (308)
Big bang (28)
Eclipse (6)
Extraterrestrial (51)
Gravity (142)
Light-year (29)
Planetary science (53)
Speed of light (39)
Universe (173)

Synopsis: Domenii: Space: Space colaterale:

The slight delay is to avoid a space debris disaster like the movie Gravity. It be a risk

The spritesorbit is so low that they will only survive for around three days before the upper atmosphere drags them to destruction.

Research into atomic-scale memory focuses on the#ability to move single atoms, one of the smallest particles of any element in the universe.#

Earlier this year, female taikonaut Wang Yaping gave the first live lesson from space to 60 million students on the effects of zero gravity.

He would stage zero gravity simulation training by sticking aspiring astronauts into a steel barrel and rolling them down a hill.

"It's not to discover the universe again, or re-invent what is known already, but to learn it properly,

Like its much larger sibling at Cern, the circular particle accelerator at Argonne shoots electrons around its 0. 7-mile (1. 1-km) circumference at a tiny fraction below the speed of light.

Jet-rocket hybrideventually, mankind will see long distance travel-London to Sydney, for example-taking place outside the Earth's atmosphere.

##This could behave like a very efficient jet engine in the atmosphere, but also be able to function outside the atmosphere like a rocket.

If that breakthrough comes, a vehicle could circumnavigate the world in a couple of hours. However, these flights are likely to run from dedicated spaceports

The harsh reality of economics in a world with a huge demand for fuel have has meant it is too expensive to fight gravity

and the atmosphere to blast off for the work commute.##Our composite wing vehicles, instead, will take us to the edge of space, efficiently,

and allow us to glide effortlessly to our destinations, continents away. Will Whitehorn has recently been made a Fellow of the Royal Aeronautical Societyif you would like to comment on this article

"You can give them a desirable kind of living atmosphere, at not-so exorbitant prices. With the overall lifestyle Gurgaon is becoming one of the most attractive destinations for middle-to-senior management talent in the country.#

These will enable us to look back in time 13.6 billion years to the immediate aftermath of the Big bang. They will be precise enough to capture single photons.

"It's impossible to be innovative in that atmosphere, #he says.""To be creative, people have to be relaxed.

and let it burn up as it re-enters the atmosphere#the usual fate of our mechanical helpers in space.

Hence it takes an extremely large telescope to try to spot any planets that may support alien life many light years away.

"With the E-ELT, we believe that we will be able to directly see exoplanets similar to Earth out to a distance of about 20 light years,

The closest potentially habitable planet is about seven light years away, according to the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics in Cambridge, Massachusetts.

So if aliens there are as eager to spot us as we are them, by the time the E-ELT opens in the early 2020s,

The technology corrects for the blurriness caused by turbulence in the Earth's atmosphere that makes stars twinkle

and are expected to be able to peer so deep into the universe so that they could take direct images of relatively small Earthlike worlds some 20-or-so light-years away.

free from our turbulent atmosphere. The Hubble space telescope has been circling Earth since 1990 and has spotted a few planets

whether a planet has an atmosphere, and#for the first time#analyse it by examining the spectrum of the light coming from the planet.

Elements and molecules in an atmosphere, such as water and oxygen, have specific signatures in the spectrum,

It studies space bodies by recording how a planet's gravity makes its parent star appear to vibrate as it rotates around it.

you can then use the James webb space telescope to measure the composition of its atmosphere.##But to really find a habitable Earth-twin orbiting a star just like our Sun,

the disturbingly more-ish soda made from the secretions of giant extraterrestrial slugs in Futurama.

which to some observers evokes the atmosphere of the early days in Northern California. That was certainly the vibe at Tech Open air Berlin

Warhead designers attempt to create blast effects that meet specific criteria. nce you get into detonation physics you open up a whole new universe, James Zunino,

and industrial processes are increasing the amount of nitrous oxide in the atmosphere. he warming impact of methane

and the filter uses gravity (hence no power needed). What's more, UNESCO-IHE tests indicate the resulting arsenic-covered sand will percolate (leach naturally) back into the environment,

Also, gravity works a little bit against us, as food doesn't hold the shape as well as plastic."

Electromagnetic waves pervade the universe. We use them every day when we broadcast signals from giant radio towers, cook in microwave ovens,

and light materials especially those that could help to protect the atmosphere including lighter more fuel efficient

The computer model demonstrates that the shorter the interval between two explosions in the solar atmosphere the more likely it is that the second flare will be stronger than the first one. he agreement with measurements from satellites is strikingwrite the researchers from ETH Zurich in the journal

The lead author of the paper is John Barry a former Yale graduate student now at the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics.

As levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere continue to rise researchers are looking for ways to make use of it.

This means that these curious events may actually be the dominant producers of calcium in our universe. ne of the weirdest aspects is that they seem to explode in unusual places.

alcium-rich transients observed to date can be seen tens of thousands of parsecs away from any potential host galaxy with a third of these events at least 65 thousand light years from a potential host galaxy.

or example, wee able to capture a large percentage of the ammonia that would otherwise be lost in the atmosphere,

and industrial processes are increasing the amount of nitrous oxide in the atmosphere. he warming impact of methane

#Exoplanet weather forecast calls for clouds University of Chicago rightoriginal Studyposted by Steve Koppes-Chicago on December 31 2013a team of scientists report they have characterized definitively the atmosphere of a super-Earth class

Previous studies of GJ 1214b yielded two possible interpretations of the planet s atmosphere. Its atmosphere could consist entirely of water vapor

or some other type of heavy molecule or it could contain high-altitude clouds that prevent the observation of what lies underneath.

and Jacob Bean of the University of Chicago has detected clear evidence of clouds in the atmosphere of GJ 1214b from data collected with the Hubble space telescope.

It transits or passes in front of its parent star every 38 hours which gives scientists an opportunity to study its atmosphere as starlight filters through it.

These clouds hide any information about the composition and behavior of the lower atmosphere and surface.

The planet was targeted next for follow-up observations to characterize its atmosphere. The first spectra which Bean obtained in 2010 using a ground-based telescope suggested that the planet s atmosphere either was predominantly water vapor

or hydrogen-dominated with high-altitude clouds. More precise Hubble observations made in 2012 and 2013 allowed the team to distinguish between these two scenarios.

The Hubble spectra revealed no chemical fingerprints whatsoever in the planet s atmosphere. This allowed the astronomers to rule out cloud-free atmospheres made of water vapor methane nitrogen carbon monoxide or carbon dioxide.

The best explanation for the new data is that there are high-altitude clouds in the atmosphere of the planet

though their composition is unknown. Models of super-Earth atmospheres predict clouds could be made out of potassium chloride

or zinc sulfide at the scorching temperatures of 450 degrees Fahrenheit found on GJ 1214b. ou would expect very different kinds of clouds to form than you would expect say on Earthkreidberg says.

#Big bang swirls hint at universe s birth Mcgill University University of Chicago rightoriginal Studyposted by Steve Koppes-Chicago on December 17 2013a subtle distortion in the oldest

light in the universe may help reveal secrets about the earliest moments in its formation.

Using the South pole Telescope scientists observed twisting patterns in the polarization of the cosmic microwave backgroundâ##light that last interacted with matter very early in the history of the universe less than 400000 years after the big bang. These patterns

is a major milestone a technical achievement that indicates exciting physics to comesays John Carlstrom distinguished service professor in astronomy and astrophysics at the University of Chicago.

The cosmic microwave background is a sea of photons (light particles) left over from the big bang that pervades all of space at a temperature of minus 270 degrees Celsiusâ##a mere 3 degrees above absolute zero.

Measurements of this ancient light have given already physicists a wealth of knowledge about the properties of the universe.

Light from the cosmic microwave background is polarized mainly due to the scattering of photons off of electrons in the early universe through the same process by

To tease out the B modes in their data the scientists used a previously measured map of the distribution of mass in the universe to determine where the gravitational lensing should occur.

The careful study of such B modes will help physicists better understand the universe. The patterns can be used to map out the distribution of mass thereby more accurately defining cosmologically important properties like the masses of neutrinos tiny elementary particles prevalent throughout the cosmos.

Similar more elusive B modes would provide dramatic evidence of inflation the theorized turbulent period in the moments after the big bang

when the universe expanded extremely rapidly. Inflation is regarded a well theory among cosmologists because its predictions agree with observations

and squeezing the fabric of the universe would give rise to the telltale twisted polarization patterns of B modes.

and hopefully measure the inflationary B modes underneathhanson says. he lensing signal itself can also be used by itself to learn about the distribution of mass in the universe. ource:

but also relatively close at just 6500 light years away providing an excellent way to study what happens in these stellar explosions. ast year we used the European space agency s Herschel Space observatory to study the intricate network of gas filaments to show how exploding stars are creating huge amounts of space dust. urther measurements

and planetary sciences at University of California Davis. Saying it was a ake-up callyin says the Chelyabinsk meteorite the largest strike

Based on viewing angles from videos of the fireball researchers calculated that the meteoroid entered Earth s atmosphere at just over 19 kilometers per second slightly faster than had previously been reported. ur meteoroid entry modeling showed that the impact was caused by a 20-meter sized

The object broke up 30 kilometers up under the enormous stress of entering the atmosphere at high speed.

and isotopic analysis of the meteorites and Ken Verosub professor in the department of earth and planetary sciences measured the magnetic properties of metallic grains in the meteorite.

our solar system orbiting a white dwarf star 170 light years away. Using observations obtained with the Hubble Space Telescopeâ

Evidence for water outside our solar system has previously been found in the atmosphere of gas giants

and plunged into a very close orbit where it was shredded by the starâ#gravitational force. Researchers believe that destabilizing the orbit of the minor planet requires a so far unseen much larger planet going around the white dwarf. t this stage in its existence all that remains of this rocky body is simply dust

As the atmosphere of the Earth blocks the ultraviolet light such study can only be carried out from space.

Using a sophisticated computer model of the white dwarf atmosphere developed by Detlev Koester at the University of Kiel they were able to infer the chemical composition of the shredded minor planet.

First they are boosted to nearly the speed of light. Then any additional acceleration increases their energy but not their speed;

#Densest galaxy is jam-packed with stars Michigan State university right Original Studyposted by Tom Oswald-Michigan State on September 25 2013 Astronomers have discovered the densest galaxy in the nearby universe.

That's a distance of about 4 light years. Now imagine as many as 10000 of our suns crammed into that relatively small space. his galaxy is more massive than any ultra-compact drawfs of comparable sizesays Jay Strader assistant professor of physics

and astronomy at Michigan State university nd is arguably the densest galaxy known in the local universe. s detailed in the recent edition of the publication Astrophysical Journal Letters the ultra-compact dwarf galaxy was found in near

the massive elliptical galaxy NGC 4649 also called M60 about 54 million light years from Earth.

What makes this galaxy dubbed M60-UCD1 so remarkable is that about half of its mass is found within a radius of only about 80 light years.

There are over 600 DLES on the Martian surface so reconciling how they formed with our knowledge of the climate of Mars is pretty important Weiss says.

#This discovery of electron neutrino appearance from muon neutrinos by the T2k experiment opens another critical door in our journey to unveil the secrets of our universe.#

because it could help explore a fundamental question of science#why is made the universe up almost exclusively of matter

when matter and antimatter were created in equal amounts in the Big bang? Somehow this balance changed over time to a dominance of matter.

The NASA Astrobiology Institute the Astromaterials Research and Exploration Science Directorate Johnson Space center and the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science supported this research.

Mohseni and colleagues use mathematical models to predict regions in the atmosphere and ocean that can give the vehicles a free ride toward their destination.

and huge supercomputers shows how complicated the dynamo process really is#says Professor Fausto Cattaneo of the University of Chicago#s department of astronomy and astrophysics.

temperature and pressure the three main ingredients of weather forecasting of Earth atmosphere. The sensors are attached to satellites designed to only last a few years.

and miles of boring dirt during your road trip to Vegas you could battle aliens save Gotham City

"Seventy-five percent of the universe is made out of hydrogen. Hydrogen is the most plentiful substance in the universe.

Contrast that now to oil, black gold, one of the rarest of substances on the Planet Earth.

##We need to get the entire universe here to accept how the sausage is made. But once you do that, the entire experience for inbound or outbound, it s better.##

Considering observed concentrations of#carbon dioxide in the atmosphere passed an alarming threshold earlier this year,

When in the atmosphere, electricity exists as a magnetic field. The trick is to capture it safely to recharge devices.

We are seeing a fast growing trend towards harvesting water from the atmosphere, something our ancestors first began working on centuries ago.

The earth atmosphere is a far more elegant water distribution system than rivers, reservoirs, and underground waterways.

so what if the containers automatically added the water directly from the atmosphere once we took it home?

#he discovered#a new kind of geometric shape called an amplituhedron one that hints at a new way of seeing the universe.

the shape does not exist in space-time it does not rely on a conception of the universe that theoretical physicists suspect might be incorrect.

When they try to knit together large-scale and small-scale forces, such as gravity and those that hold atoms together, the assumption of space-time leads to mathematical inconsistencies, a clue that something s amiss with current assumptions

about the universe. We ve known for decades that space-time is doomed, says Arkani-Hamed. We know it is not there in the next version of physics.

The reason for converting energy to microwaves is because it impervious to weather condition and water in the upper atmosphere.

and generates a four-dimensional mathematical model derived from the physics of the atmosphere. With high accuracy Deep Thunder can deliver hyper-localized weather conditions up to three days in advance with calculations as fine as a single mile and as granular as every 10 minutes.

otherwise recycle CO2 back into the atmosphere through the surface waters. But when they get eaten close to the seafloor by animals that never come to the surface all of the carbon these roving fish were packing gets locked down at the bottom of the ocean Trueman explained.

However the amount of carbon that deep-sea fish trap is compared miniscule with the emissions released into the atmosphere by humans.

Among other things, MEMS devices are able to measure acceleration, gravity, chemicals, the indicators of disease or the presence of explosives.

"Plants don't grow in zero gravity, "explained Melchiorri.""NASA is researching different ways to produce oxygen for long-distance space journeys to let us live in space.

even if the two particles exist at opposite ends of the universe as if they are one.

Jim Clark/AMNH) Remember that scene in Aliens where Sigourney weaver's Ellen Ripley dons a Power Loader exoskeleton to do battle with the evil alien queen?

or long-lived wood products to keep the carbon from the atmosphere, and then replanting with species that are suited slightly more to the changing climate."

and corals will produce less calcium carbonate as the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere rises,

some bacteria not only survive in the upper atmosphere but might affect weather and climate, according to a study published on 28 january in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences1.

bacteria accounted for around 20%of all particles#biological and non-biological#a higher proportion than in the near-Earth atmosphere."

Genetic analysis revealed that some microbes in the upper atmosphere are thought related to bacteria to catalyse ice-crystal formation and cloud condensation2.

especially in the upper atmosphere where dust is relatively rare, could influence weather and climate3, says study co-author Athanasios Nenes, an atmospheric scientist at the Georgia Institute of technology."

#Solar magnetism twists braids of superheated gas Geoff Brumfiel hears from researcher Jonathan Cirtain why the Sun s atmosphere is hotter than its surface.

The Sun's atmosphere is just jam-packed full of magnetic field, says Cirtain. As the lines of those fields cross and twirl, the theory went,

and flown to the edge of space. It took several minutes to fall to Earth, during which time it took a series of pictures of the Sun (see video).

Had one of these started running at the Big bang and continued up to the present, it would have lost

#Nearby star is almost as old as the Universe Astronomers have discovered a Methuselah of stars#a denizen of the Solar system's neighbourhood that is at least 13.2 billion years old and formed shortly after the Big bang."

"We believe this star is known the oldest in the Universe with a well determined age,

lies at a comparatively short distance of 190 light years from the Solar system and has been studied by astronomers for more than a century.

and helium#a hallmark of having formed early in the history of the Universe, before successive generations of stars had a chance to forge heavier elements.

the age does not conflict with the age of the Universe, 13.77 billion years. The star's age is therefore at least 13.2 billion years

The very first stars are thought usually to have coalesced a few hundred million years after the Big bang,

or so known Martian meteorites#those rare rocks that get ejected from the Martian surface into space when an asteroid hits the planet,

It s also the only known Martian sample On earth that hails from a critical period, about 2 billion years ago,

found in the Sahara desert, has a higher water content than any Martian meteorite previously analysed.

NWA 7034 is the second-oldest Martian meteorite, and provides a missing link in the planet s geological record,

The oldest prospective Martian meteorite, ALH 84001, is 4. 5 billion years old, whereas all other Martian meteorites are 1. 3 billion years old or younger.)

Several lines of evidence indicate that parts of Mars were warmer and wetter, and therefore a possible haven for carbon-based life, some 4 billion years ago.

That is not a surprise, given the map of hydrogen (a stand-in for water) generated by an instrument on the Mars Odyssey orbiting spacecraft and the presence of small amounts of water in younger Martian meteorites

whereas clouds of atoms would normally be pulled downwards by gravity, if part of the cloud is at a negative absolute temperature,

'the mysterious force that pushes the Universe to expand at an ever-faster rate against the inward pull of gravity.

"It s interesting that this weird feature pops up in the Universe and also in the lab,

either escaping into the atmosphere or reacting with the alkali and slowing down the methanol-hydrogen conversion.

parallel universe of unexplored RNAS, says Nikolaus Rajewsky, the lead author of one of the studies and a systems biologist at the Max Delbr#ck Center for Molecular Medicine in Berlin.

and her colleagues sent the first missive from the circular universe. They reported finding a plethora of circular human RNAS

"There is almost no chance of an atmosphere or liquid on the surface. The researchers predict that Kepler 37 b would be a barren, rocky world similar to Mercury.

says Greg Laughlin, a professor of astronomy and astrophysics at the University of California, Santa cruz, who did not contribute to the new study.

whose regular eclipses mimic a planetary signal. Barclay and his colleagues used computer modeling to identify potential false positives

#Planck snaps infant Universe For astronomers, it is the ultimate treasure map. On 21 march, the Planck space telescope team released the highest-precision map yet of the cosmic microwave background (CMB),

the faint but ubiquitous afterglow of the Big bang. Crowning nearly 50 years of CMB study,

the map records the precise contours of the nascent Universe #and in doing so pins down key parameters of the Universe today.

The tiny fluctuations embedded in the CMB map reveal a Universe that is expanding slightly more slowly than had been thought.

That dials back the amount of gravity-countering dark energy to 68.3%of the Universe and adds a little more unseen dark matter to the mix.

It also means that the Universe is a little older: 13.82 billion years old, adding a few tens of millions of years to the previously calculated value.

The map even shows that the number of neutrino flavours permeating the cosmos will probably remain at three#had there been a fourth,

the Universe would have expanded more quickly during its first moments. These results represent refinements of numbers obtained by previous missions such as the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP.

breaks the most new ground is in its support for the reigning theory that describes the instant after the Big bang. The theory, known as inflation,

the Universe grew from a subatomic point to something the size of a grapefruit that then continued to expand at a more stately pace.

This growth spurt would help to explain why the Universe we see today is homogeneous on the largest scales

says astrophysicist Jo Dunkley at the University of Oxford, UK, who has worked on data from Planck and the WMAP."

and carry with them an imprint of the quantum fluctuations that roiled the inflationary Universe. Seen in the map as tiny variations around an average temperature of 2. 7 kelvins

"All the structures we see in the Universe are coming from these little perturbations, says Paul Shellard, a Planck cosmologist at the University of Cambridge, UK.

#Planck telescope peers into primordial Universe The Planck space telescope has delivered the most detailed picture yet of the cosmic microwave background, the residual glow of the Big bang. Unveiling the results from the##700-million (US$904-million) European space agency (ESA) probe,

scientists say that the images shed fresh light on the first instants of the Universe s birth and peg the age of the Universe at 13.82 billion years#slightly older than previously estimated."

The results strongly support the idea that in the 10##32 seconds or so after the Big bang,

the Universe expanded at a staggering rate#a process dubbed inflation. Inflation would explain why the Universe is so big,

and why we cannot detect any curvature in the fabric of space (other than the tiny indentations caused by massive objects such as black holes).

The cosmic microwave background radiation studied by Planck dates from about 380,000 years after the Big bang, by

which time the Universe had cooled to a few thousand degrees and neutral atoms of hydrogen and helium were beginning to form from the seething mass of charged plasma.

when the Big bang happened, estimate the amount of unseen dark matter in the cosmos and measure the dark energy that is accelerating the expansion of the Universe.

Planck, launched in 2009, is more than three times more sensitive than the WMAP. Its high-frequency microwave detector is cooled to just 0. 1 degrees above absolute zero

These precise measurements show that the Universe is expanding slightly slower than estimated from WMAP's data.

which suggests that the Universe is about 50 million years older than calculated from WMAP images.

The Planck data also implies that dark energy makes up 68.3%of the energy density of the Universe,

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