#MIT refreshes fusion reactor with modern superconductors Rare-earth barium copper oxide (REBCO) superconducting tapes could mean earlier practical fusion reactors, according to MIT.
The key is stronger magnetic fields, which shrink the size of tokamak chamber required, and subsequently simplify all that follows.
Fusion power increases with the fourth power of magnetic field, so 2x field produces 16x power. ny increase in the magnetic field gives you a huge win,
said post-grad Brandon Sorbom. 2x magnetic field is not available with REBCO, but there is enough for 10x fusion power,
said MIT. By combining REBCO magnets with known fusion principles, the team has designed a research reactor,
It is half the diameter of the ITER fusion reactor to be built in France (designed before the REBCO superconductors),
"said Mihri Ozkan, an electrical engineering professor at UC Riverside's Bourns College of Engineering. Ozkan, along with her husband and fellow engineering professor, Cengiz Ozkan, current Ph d. student, Daisy Patino,
The electric field from the polarized strontium titanate was leaking into the topological insulator layer, changing its electronic properties.
the team measured their samples in high magnetic fields. They found promising signatures of an effect called weak anti-localization,
#A resonator for electrons More than two thousand years ago the Greek inventor and philosopher Archimedes already came up with the idea of using a curved mirror to reflect light in such a way as to focus it into a point-legend has it that he used this technique to set
or parabolic mirrors are used in a host of technical applications ranging from satellite dishes to laser resonators,
Modern quantum physics also makes use of resonators with curved mirrors. In order to study single atoms for example, researchers use the light focused by the mirrors to enhance the interaction between the light waves and the atoms.
A team of physicists at ETH Zurich, working within the framework of the National Centre of Competence in Research Quantum Science and Technology (NCCR QSIT), have managed now to build a resonator that focuses electrons rather than light waves.
In the near future, such resonators could be used for constructing quantum computers and for investigating many-body effects in solids.
"Our results show that the electrons in the resonator do not just fly back and forth, but actually form a standing wave
and the electronic wave in the resonator happens through the spin.""In the future, this spin-coherent coupling could make it possible to connect quantum dots over large distances,
A long-distance coupling through an appropriately designed resonator could elegantly solve this problem. Basic science could also benefit from the electron resonators realized by the ETH researchers, for instance in studies of the Kondo effect.
This effect occurs when many electrons together interact with the magnetic moment of an impurity in a material.
With the help of a resonator and a quantum dot simulating such an impurity, the physicists hope to be able to study the Kondo effect very precisely.
Its flexibility, optical transparency and electrical conductivity make it suitable for a wide range of applications, including printed electronics.
"said Sumeet Gupta, Monkowski Assistant professor of Electrical engineering and group leader of the Integrated circuits and Devices Lab, Penn State.
when the direction of the current or the applied magnetic field is varied. Similar to graphite consisting of weakly bound graphene layers,
when subjected to an external magnetic field. This particular finding"is interesting in its own right because it shows that the mechanical and electrical properties of a material are not always as closely linked as we may assume,
The electric field from the polarized strontium titanate was leaking into the topological insulator layer, changing its electronic properties.
the team measured their samples in high magnetic fields. They found promising signatures of an effect called weak anti-localization,
University of Wisconsin-Madison electrical engineers have created the fastest, most responsive flexible silicon phototransistor ever made.
Current wireless communications operate at microwave frequencies, however as the demand for faster speeds and larger bandwidths increases, scientists are looking for ways to alleviate the communication bottleneck.
Between the microwave and infrared part of the electromagnetic spectrum lies an appealing candidate: Terahertz (THZ) radiation.
CEI is currently using its advanced transistors to develop laptop power adaptors that are approximately 1. 5 cubic inches in volume the smallest ever made.
and the inverters that convert the battery power to drive the electric motors. The silicon transistors used today have constrained a power capability that limits how much power the car can handle.
and now using refrigerators. The next step to prolonging shelf life, is breaking down the food further.
one negatively charged anode made of aluminum and a positively charged cathode. Professor Dai said that his team accidentally discovered that a simple solution is using graphite.
This is why the Stanford researchers placed the aluminum anode, a graphite cathode and an ionic liquid electrolyte inside of a polymer-coated pouch.
the research team will have to improve the cathode material to increase the voltage and energy density.
and economic benefits, says Massoud Amin, chairman of the IEEE Smart grid and a professor of electrical engineering at the University of Minnesota.
According to principal investigator Federico Capasso, the Robert L. Wallace Professor of Applied Physics and Vinton Hayes Senior Research Fellow in Electrical engineering at Harvard SEAS, omplicated effects like color correction,
The plate is coupled to a superconducting electrical circuit as the plate vibrates at a rate of 3. 5 million times per second.
The plate is coupled to a superconducting electrical circuit as the plate vibrates at a rate of 3. 5 million times per second.
TRANSFORMER DRONES? The research team envisions a broad range of applications for their technology. For example, an unpiloted air vehicle might change shape from one designed for a cruise mission to one designed for a dive.
they form a ferromagnethe type of magnet you might use on your refrigerator and that is used in the strip on your credit card.
Cuprates are the only family of materials known to exhibit superconductivity at high temperaturesxceeding 100 Kelvin (73 degrees Celsius.
A high enough level of doping will transform cuprates into high-temperature superconductors, and as cuprates evolve from being insulators to superconductors, they first transition through a mysterious phase known as the pseudogap,
where an additional amount of energy is required to strip electrons out of the material. For decades, scientists have debated the origin of the pseudogap
and its relationship to superconductivityhether it is a necessary precursor to superconductivity or a competing phase with a distinct set of symmetry properties.
and pseudogap phenomena. here is also very recent work by other groups showing signatures of superconductivity in Sr2iro4 of the same variety as that found in cuprates,
perhaps iridates will help us resolve some of the longstanding debates about the relationship between the pseudogap and high-temperature superconductivity.
especially in developing countries with limited resources,"says Waseem Asghar, Ph d.,assistant professor of electrical engineering in the College of Engineering and Computer science at FAU,
The prototype battery features an anode made of aluminum, a cathode of graphite and an ionic liquid electrolyte,
"Improving the cathode material could eventually increase the voltage and energy density,"says Dai.""Otherwise, our battery has everything else you'd dream that a battery should have:
causing the air conditioning to come on. Now, however, researchers from Germany's Fraunhofer Institute for Machine tools and Forming Technology have created a light-blocking facade for such windows that only kicks in
The main innovation behind this new approach lies in the superior signal processing that drives every Leddar sensor.
In the ICFO device, the continued excitation of electrons above this bandgap level results in the much faster and easier movement of them when subjected to incoming photons to create an electric current.
cramped cursive as a result of degenerating motor control is a common symptom of Parkinson's disease. Known as micrographia, this condition can often lead people to put down their pens forever,
Flanked by connecting electrodes (an anode on one side and a cathode on the other),
the most common function of such a diode is to permit electric current to flow in one direction only,
for example, be used to rectify alternating current to direct current, and so these types of diodes are known as rectifiers.
Metal-oxide nanosheets were arranged on a single plane using a magnetic field. The nanosheets were fixed then in place using a process called light-triggered in-situ vinyl polymerization
and Tsinghua University in China have found a way to more than triple the capacity of the anodes,
including those on ventilators, to communicate effectively for the first time by breathing an almost effortless act which requires no speech, limb or facial movements."
#Ultra low-power wireless communication through the human body using magnetic fields Be it on the inside or the outside,
San diego (UCSD) have come up with a different type of wireless communication that sends ultra low-power magnetic fields through the human body.
and the production of magnetic fields and allow the body itself to act as a sort of waveguide for those fields.
said Jiwoong Park, a Ph d student in Mercier's lab. ith this magnetic field human body communication system,
"According to the researchers, beyond the benefits of ultra-low-power energy consumption, magnetic field human body communication may offer greater security than current wireless communication technologies.
With magnetic field human body communication, however, the communication is contained within the body itself and does need not to link to separate wireless devices.
This is because the magnetic fields need circular geometries to propagate through the human body. The results of this research were presented recently at the 37th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society in Milan
Magnetic field generation with coils located outside the body supply the electrical current wirelessly to the coil located within the TE,
and microwave radiation The technique could scale up to hold thousands, even millions of qubits on a single chip
and an external current and microwave field control the qubits and make them interact as needed."
and an external current and microwave field control the qubits and make them interact as needed."
A Generator That Plays Well With Renewable energy Marc Hoffman, CEO of startup Innovus Power, believes that the synchronous generator, the workhorse of the power grid for the past century,
and uses inverters to turn direct current into grid-ready alternating current, presents them with a serious set of challenges.
being able to detect load changes in a way that far more advanced than the way a synchronous generator would operate,
before paying for new wires, poles and transformers upgrades. It would also put existing DERS in front of utility contracts and procurements for distributed energy,
In either case, it much cheaper than a transformer upgrade. In other words, Hanley said, e think we can run a business off of that.
Neumann measured the speed of titanium ions released by a pulsed electric arc similar to an arc welder. he titanium was coming out at 20 kilometers per second 12.4 miles per second and
Neumann says experiments with pulsed electric arcs on metals go back to the 1920s, and some of the data collected was useful to him in assessing
The team measured both the curvature of particle tracks within the detector magnetic field and the particlesflight time in order to calculate the mass-to-charge ratios.
After measuring both the curvature of particle tracks in the detector's magnetic field and the particles'time of flight
or even in sensors that measure magnetic fields. We could even see it used in future computer technology t
levitating as it goes. he magnetic field from the track is effectively rozeninto the superconductors in the board,
Students can use the marker as an educational tool to easily experiment on electric currents and,
and commercialize air conditioning, cooling and heat pump equipment that use HFC-32 as a single component refrigerant.
Other systems have been developed to control boiling using electric fields, but these have required special fluids rather than water,
and were on artificial ventilators but still, they sufferedrepeatedly suffered of breathing problems and needed to be resuscitated.
Contains Copernicus data (2015)/ ESA/DLR Microwaves and Radar Institute/GFZ/e-GEOS/INGVSA SEOM INSARAP study) Moving up Nepal Insar By analyzing the satellite images,
However for facilities in the developing world this can be a problem as the energy needed to power dehumidifiers
Texts are placed in an insulated container with a dehumidifier and temperature-control mechanism. Solar cells power the equipment,
The human brain is the most powerful computer known, an extraordinary assembly of living electrical circuits. To gain greater understanding of how the human brain works
wherein one coil of wire can transmit energy to another coil using magnetic fields.""Wireless neural stimulation in mice has been demonstrated many times before,
"said study senior author Ada Poon, an electrical engineer at Stanford university in California. However, previous wireless brain-stimulating devices were limited by their power harvesting components.
Rather, the mouse bodies interact with surrounding magnetic fields, helping focus energy like a lens from the transmitter to the receiver in the implant.
and a doctoral candidate in electrical engineering at Stanford university in California. Reducing the distance between the two elements can dramatically reduce the time computers take to do their work
a physicist and electrical engineer at Nanyang Technological University in Singapore, told Live Science.""Therefore, a controllable cloak that can adjust its performance is very desirable."
which is currently about as good as that of a refrigerator, Zhang said. In addition, they are"currently considering placing sensors on the cloak,
scientists have used everything from laser beams to superconducting magnetic fields to levitate objects. And in 2014, researchers at the University of Dundee in Scotland showed that acoustic holograms that act like a tractor beam could theoretically suck in objects."
and taste with the same intensity as you do on earth, Sandy Hyslop, Ballantine Master Blender,
known as a suspended microchannel resonator (SMR), measures particlesmasses as they flow through a narrow channel.
and to measure how each particle affects the vibration frequency of each mode at each point along the resonator.
This has an internal oscillator that adjusts its own frequency to correspond to the frequency of a resonator mode,
which makes use of several vibration modes to image an object as it sits on a nanomechanical resonator.
where objects must be attached to the resonator. The ability to achieve this dynamically in flow opens up exciting possibilities,
which is achieved usually by applying magnetic fields to a sample, has potent light-controlling and information-processing applications.
In typical spin-driven ferroelectric experiments, the magnetic field causes polarization to rise to a single value when the temperature approaches absolute zero.
or anode, are reported in the journal Nature Communications, in a paper by MIT professor Ju Li and six others.
The use of nanoparticles with an aluminum yolk and a titanium dioxide shell has proven to be he high-rate champion among high-capacity anodes
Most present lithium-ion batteries the most widely used form of rechargeable batteries use anodes made of graphite, a form of carbon.
because it not good for electrical conductivity, Li says. They ended up converting the alumina layer to titania (Tio2),
he says, t probably the best anode material available. Full cell tests using lithium iron phosphate as cathode have been successful,
indicating ATO is quite close to being ready for real applications. hese yolk-shell particles show very impressive performance in lab-scale testing,
The Van der waals force is the attractive sum of short-range electric dipole interactions between uncharged molecules. Thanks to strong Van der waals interactions between graphene and boron nitride, CVD graphene can be separated from the copper
Stepping stones to a Unique State A material band gap is fundamental to determining its electrical conductivity. Imagine two river crossings, one with tightly-packed stepping-stones,
and very soon it could potentially be applied to several sectors including engineering where electrical engineers can adjust the band gap
Surface plasmons are electromagnetic waves propagating along a metal-dielectric interface (e g.,, gold/air) and having the amplitudes exponentially decaying in the neighbor media.
which is associated with the electron tiny magnetic field, he added. Dzurak noted that the team had recently atented a design for a full-scale quantum computer chip that would allow for millions of our qubits,
While physical processes may influence the orientation of the magnetic fields, the chemical process in this case controls magnetism in carefully chosen strongly ferromagnetic material systems.
Standard methods are either to use a electromagnetic coil, for example, where a high current produces a magnetic field,
but the coil continuously consumes energy. Another possibility is to polarize the ferromagnet, which means to align the magnetic structures in the material in parallel,
such that an overall magnetic field is generated. No energy is required for maintaining this magnetic field, but it is permanent
and cannot easily be removed. Another option is the magnetoelectric coupling, where an electric field is used to induce magnetism;
however, this mechanism is limited often to the top monolayer of atoms of the crystal lattice only.
which offer the major novelty that the different magnetic states unlike the electromagnetic coil can be maintained without requiring a continuous flow of current
which low-frequency electromagnets are used, but in this case can reach far higher energy efficiency. Research of the KIT scientists mainly aims at small magnetic actuators for use in (micro) robots or microfluidics o
University of Wisconsin-Madison electrical engineers have created the fastest, most responsive flexible silicon phototransistor ever made.
University of Wisconsin-Madison electrical engineers have created the fastest, most responsive flexible silicon phototransistor ever made.
Developed by UW-Madison electrical engineers, this unique phototransistor is flexible, yet faster and more responsive than any similar phototransistor in the world.
increasing the velocity of particle transport by 100 times by applying an alternating current electric field in conjunction with heating the plasmonic nanoantenna using a laser to induce a force far stronger than otherwise possible."
and an electric field, inducing an"electrothermoplasmonic flow.""""Then, once we turn off the electric field the laser holds the particles in place,
so it can operate in two modes. First, the fast transport using alternating current, and then you turn off the electric field
and it goes into the plasmonic tweezing mode, "he said. The Purdue researchers are the first to induce electrothermoplasmonic flow using plasmonic structures.
Key to this technology is the memristor (a combination of"memory"and"resistor"),an electronic component
"More than 80%of the incident visible sunlight was converted photoelectrically by this composite system into electric current available for the hydrogen generation,
Unlike ordinary fluorescent material, these centres can also be turned into hypersensitive nanoprobes to detect temperature and magnetic field, via optical manipulation and detection.
and the atomic structure in the nanotubes halts electric currents. This disparity creates a barrier, caused by the difference in electron movement as currents move next to and past the hairlike boron nitride nanotubes.
"We then add a magnetic field to arrange the nanoparticle chains and provide directionality, "said Bhuvnesh Bharti,
and an external magnetic field is applied to the particles.""In other words, this material is temperature responsive, and these soft and flexible structures can be pulled apart
These negatively charged ions produce an electric field that effectively serves as a diode to hinder error-causing crosstalk.
Many important but complex processes in the natural and life sciences, for example, photosynthesis or high-temperature superconductivity, have yet to be understood.
pressure or electric field pulses is as follows: while a first pulse excites the sample under study, a second pulse monitors the change in the sample.
The sample can be stimulated with laser, pressure, electric field or magnetic field pulses. The principle was tested at the HZDR on a typical laboratory laser as well as on the free-electron laser FELBE.
and magnetic field pulses for excitation, are in preparation.""In the future, we will not only see how quickly a process occurs,
the team arranged metal-oxide nanosheets into a single plane within a material by using a magnetic field
while still allowing the ions to flow seamlessly to complete the electrical circuit in the cell.
so you can switch the material by using a magnetic field, "Plummer said d
#Waste coffee used as fuel storage: Scientists have developed a simple process to treat waste coffee grounds to allow them to store methane Scientists have developed a simple process to treat waste coffee grounds to allow them to store methane.
and convert the light into electric current using excited states in the material called"excitons.""Roughly speaking, an exciton is displaced a electron bound together with the hole it left behind.
electrical circuits based on spin waves have not been realised, since it turned out to be impossible to introduce a perturbation in the system large enough to create spin waves.
This influences the motion of the electron, resulting in an electric current that the researchers can measure.
making many materials that have good electrical conductivity, flexibility and transparency-all three are needed for foldable electronics-wear out too quickly to be said practical
Zhifeng Ren, a physicist at the University of Houston and principal investigator at the Texas Center for Superconductivity,
The work by Shanhui Fan, a professor of electrical engineering at Stanford, research associate Aaswath P. Raman and doctoral candidate Linxiao Zhu is described in the current issue of Proceedings of the National Academy
#Carbon nanotubes Applied to Create Electrical conductivity in Woolen Fabrics The fabrics can be used in various industries,
The production of fabrics with new properties such as electrical conductivity is among the changes. Researchers have tried in this research to synthesize fabrics with new properties by using simple and modified carbon nanotubes.
called the cathode and anode. As the battery produces electrical current, electrons flow from the anode through a circuit outside the battery and back into the cathode.
Having lost the electrons that are generating the current, some of the atoms in the anode--an electrically conductive metal like lithium--become ions that then travel to the cathode,
moving through a conductive liquid medium called an electrolyte. Recharging the battery reverses the process,
and stick onto the anode. But when they do, the ions don't attach evenly. Instead, they form microscopic bumps that eventually grow into long branches after multiple recharging cycles.
and contact the cathode, they form a short circuit. Electrical current now flows across the dendrites instead of the external circuit,
they can break off from the anode entirely and float around in the electrolyte. In this way, the anode loses material,
and the battery can't store as much energy.""Dendrites are hazardous and reduce the capacity of rechargeable batteries,
#Superconductivity trained to promote magnetization: Russian scientist and her colleagues discovered the superconductivity effect, which will help to create future supercomputers Superconductivity,
which is almost incompatible with magneticfield, under certain conditions is able to promote magnetization. Russian scientist Natalya Pugach from the Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear physics at the Lomonosov Moscow State university discovered this yet to be explained effect with her British colleagues,
whose theory group headed by Professor Matthias Eschrig. They suggest that techniques based on this effect are able to move us closer to future supercomputers:
which included Natalya Pugach from the Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear physics, studied the interactions between superconductivity
The results of this new research show, that superconductors may be useful in the process of spin transportation, and ferromagnetics may be used to control spins.
Superconducting state is very responsive sensitive to magnetic fields: strong magnetic fields destroy it, but and superconductors expel the magnetic field completely.
It is almost impossible to make ordinary superconductors and magnetic materials interact with each other due to their opposite magnetic ordering direction of magnetization:
in magnetic layers storages the magnetic field tends to arrange spins in one direction, and the Cooper pair (BCS pair) in ordinary superconductors haves opposite spins."
"My colleagues experimented with devices called superconducting spin-valves. They look like a"sandwich, "made of nanolayers of ferromagnetic material, superconductor and other metals.
By changing the direction of magnetization it is possible to control the current in superconductor.
The thickness of layers is crucial, because in case of the"thick"superconductor it is impossible to see any interesting effects,
"--Natalya Pugach explains. During the experiments scientists bombarded the experimental samples with muons (particles that resemble electrons,
but are 200 times heavier) and analyzed their dissipation scattering. This method gave the researchers the possibility to understand
how the magnetization proceeds in different layers of the sample. The spin-valve consisted of two ferromagnetic cobalt layers, one superconductive niobium layer with thickness of approximately 150 atoms and a layer of gold.
the interaction between these layers and superconductive layer produced induced magnetization in the gold layer,"overjumping"the superconductor.
or other bulk carbon anodes in a battery,"said Xiulei (David) Ji, the lead author of the study and an assistant professor of chemistry in the College of Science at Oregon State university."
because they open some new alternatives to batteries that can work with well-established and inexpensive graphite as the anode,
Aside from its ability to work well with a carbon anode however, lithium is quite rare,
The new findings show that it can work effectively with graphite or soft carbon in the anode of an electrochemical battery.
and be ready to take the advantage of the existing manufacturing processes of carbon anode materials."
as chiral patterns of magnetic moments--think of a moment as a tiny compass needle--in materials close to absolute zero temperature, in the presence of a strong magnetic field.
even without an external magnetic field. The availability of stable magnetic skyrmions at room temperature opens up new studies on their properties and potential development in electronic devices,
The electric field from the polarized strontium titanate was leaking into the topological insulator layer, changing its electronic properties.
the team measured their samples in high magnetic fields. They found promising signatures of an effect called weak anti-localization,
and high-stiffness materials can serve as high-quality optical films in multilayer photonic structures, waveguides, resonators,
and ultra-low-k dielectrics. Researchers from North carolina State university have developed a dielectric film that has optical and electrical properties similar to air
Dielectrics are insulator materials that are used in an enormous array of consumer products. For example, every handheld device has hundreds of capacitors,
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