Tropes

R_www.futurity.org 2015 00262.txt.txt

#Heat makes 3d printed box fold itself up Scientists are using a new 4d technology to create complex self-folding structures. The researchers used smart shape-memory polymers (SMPS) with the ability to remember one shape and change to another programmed shape when uniform heat is applied. Printing multiple materials with different dynamic mechanical properties in prescribed patterns throughout the 3d object enables the ability to create objects that change shape in a controlled sequence over time. When these components are heated then, each SMP responds at a different rate to change its shape, depending on its own internal clock. By carefully timing these changes 3d objects can be programmed to self-assemble. The technology could be used to create 3d structures that sequentially fold themselves from components that had been rolled flat or into a tube for shipment. The components could respond to stimuli such as temperature, moisture, or light in a way that is precisely timed to create space structures, deployable medical devices, robots, toys, and range of other structures. ALLOVER TEMPERATURE The research creates self-folding structures from 3d printed patterns containing varying amounts of different smart shape-memory polymers. The patterning, done with a 3d printer allows the resulting flat components to have varying temporal response to the same stimuli. Earlier methods required application of differential heating at specific locations in the flat structure to stimulate the shape changes. revious efforts to create sequential shape changing components involved placing multiple heaters at specific regions in a component and then controlling the on -and-off time of individual heaters, explains Jerry Qi, a professor in the George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical engineering at Georgia Tech. his earlier approach essentially requires controlling the heat applied throughout the component in both space and time and is complicated. e turned this approach around and used a spatially uniform temperature which is easier to apply and then exploited the ability of different materials to internally control their rate of shape change through their molecular design. FROM FLAT SHEET TO 3d BOX The team demonstrated the approach with a series of examples including a mechanism that can be switched from a flat strip into a locked configuration as one end controllably bends and threads itself through a keyhole. They also demonstrated a flat sheet that can fold itself into a 3d box with interlocking flaps. These examples all require the precise control of the folding sequence of different parts of the structure to avoid collisions of the components during folding. e have exploited the ability to 3d-print smart polymers and integrate as many as ten different materials precisely into a 3d structure, says Martin L. Dunn, a professor at Singapore University of Technology and Design who is also the director of the SUTD Digital Manufacturing and Design Centre. e are now extending this concept of digital SMPS to enable printing of SMPS with dynamic mechanical properties that vary continuously in 3d space. The team used companion finite element simulations to predict the responses of the 3d printed components, which were made from varying ratios of two different commercially available shape-memory polymers. A simplified reduced-order model was developed also to rapidly and accurately describe the physics of the self-folding process. n important aspect of self-folding is the management of self-collisions, where different portions of the folding structure contact and then block further folding, the researchers say in their paper. metric is developed to predict collisions and is used together with the reduced-order model to design self-folding structures that lock themselves into stable desired configurations. TRANSFORMER DRONES? The research team envisions a broad range of applications for their technology. For example, an unpiloted air vehicle might change shape from one designed for a cruise mission to one designed for a dive. Also possible would be designed 3d components to fold flat or be rolled up into tubes so they could be transported easily, and then later deformed into their intended 3d configuration for use. The research appears in Scientific Reports. The US Air force Office of Scientific research, the US National Science Foundation, and the Singapore National Research Foundation through the SUTD DMAND Centre funded the work. The content is the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the sponsoring agencies

< Back - Next >