Using X-ray crystallography, the team obtained the first high-resolution 3d structural images of the single protein
"The device uses gold nanoparticles (microscopic particles) and glowing quantum dots. The researchers developed a novel approach for rapid and sensitive detection of surface proteins of viruses from blood samples of turkeys.
#Hyper-stretchable elastic-composite energy harvester Scientists have developed a hyper-stretchable elastic-composite energy harvesting device called a nanogenerator.
A research team led by Professor Keon Jae Lee of the Department of Materials science and engineering at the Korea Advanced Institute of Science
and Technology (KAIST) has developed a hyper-stretchable elastic-composite energy harvesting device called a nanogenerator. Flexible electronics have come into the market
and hyper-stretchable elastic-composite generator (SEG) using very long silver nanowire-based stretchable electrodes. Their stretchable piezoelectric generator can harvest mechanical energy to produce high power output (4 V) with large elasticity (250%)and excellent durability (over 104 cycles.
such an experiment represents a two-dimensional analog of a classical problem of scattering from a homogeneous sphere (Mie scattering), the solution to
when materials with high values of refractive index are involved. In the study, the scientists used ordinary water whose refractive index can be regulated by changing temperature.
As it turned out, high refractive index is associated with two scattering mechanisms: resonant scattering, which is related to the localization of light inside the cylinder,
and nonresonant, which is characterized by smooth dependence on the wave frequency. The interaction between these mechanisms is referred to as Fano resonances.
The researchers discovered that at certain frequencies waves scattered via resonant and nonresonant mechanisms have opposite phases
Materials with corresponding refractive index are known either long or can be developed at will,"said Mikhail Rybin, first author of the paper and senior researcher at the Metamaterials Laboratory in ITMO University.
and solidify a composite without the need for massive ovens. When connected to an electrical power source,
and wrapped over a multilayer polymer composite, the heated film stimulates the polymer to solidify.
The group tested the film on a common carbon-fiber material used in aircraft components,
energy saving method for manufacturing virtually any industrial composite, says Brian L. Wardle, an associate professor of aeronautics and astronautics at MIT."
After it has fused the underlying polymer layers, the film itself--a fraction of a human hair's diameter--meshes with the composite, adding negligible weight.
The team, including MIT graduate students Jeonyoon Lee and Itai Stein and Seth Kessler of the Metis Design Corporation, has published its results in the journal ACS Applied materials and Interfaces.
carbon nanotubes heat efficiently when exposed to an electric current. The group first developed a technique to create a film of aligned carbon nanotubes composed of tiny tubes of crystalline carbon
standing upright like trees in a forest. The researchers used a rod to roll the"forest"flat,
creating a dense film of aligned carbon nanotubes. In experiments, Wardle and his team integrated the film into airplane wings via conventional,
why not use it to make the composite itself? How hot can you go? In initial experiments, the researchers investigated the film's potential to fuse two types of aerospace-grade composite typically used in aircraft wings and fuselages.
Normally the material, composed of about 16 layers, is solidified, or cross-linked, in a high-temperature industrial oven.
then applied a current to heat both the film and the underlying polymer in the Cycom composite layers.
or cross-link, the polymer and carbon fiber layers, finding that the CNT film used one-hundredth the electricity required for traditional oven-based methods to cure the composite.
Both methods generated composites with similar properties, such as cross-linking density. Wardle says the results pushed the group to test the CNT film further:
As different composites require different temperatures in order to fuse, the researchers looked to see whether the CNT film could,
some of the highest-temperature aerospace polymers require temperatures up to 750 F in order to solidify.""We can process at those temperatures,
"The team is working with industrial partners to find ways to scale up the technology to manufacture composites large enough to make airplane fuselages and wings."
"Gregory Odegard, a professor of computational mechanics at Michigan Technological University, says the group's carbon nanotube film may go toward improving the quality and efficiency of fabrication processes for large composites, such as wings on commercial aircraft.
"This could lead to more innovation in the composites sector, and perhaps improvements in the performance and usage of composite materials."
"This research was funded in part by Airbus Group, Boeing, Embraer, Lockheed martin, Saab AB, Tohotenax, ANSYS Inc.,the Air force Research Laboratory at Wright-Patterson Air force base,
including biodegradable plastics, pharmaceutical drugs and even liquid fuels. Scientists with the U s. Department of energy (DOE)' s Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab) and the University of California (UC) Berkeley have created a hybrid system of semiconducting nanowires and bacteria
"says Peidong Yang, a chemist with Berkeley Lab's Materials sciences Division and one of the leaders of this study."
"Our system represents an emerging alliance between the fields of materials sciences and biology, where opportunities to make new functional devices can mix
and 52-percent for the renewable and biodegradable plastic PHB. Improved performances are anticipated with further refinements of the technology."
In this phase solid, organic and inorganic matter as well as heavy metals are removed by precipitation and gravity; and a sludge settles at the bottom of the reactor.
In addition to the HZDR, the Technische Universitt Dresden, Leibniz-Institute of Polymer Research Dresden (IPF), the Fraunhofer Institute for Ceramic Technology and Systems (IKTS) and the Namlab ggmbh all participate in running the structured doctoral program m
#Efficient method of producing metallic nanoparticles VTT's aerosol technology reactor for nanoparticle production can generate a variety of pure metal particles, particles of various alloys and carbon-coated particles.
nano-metal composites are scarce and often available in small quantities only. We wanted to demonstrate that it was possible to produce nanomaterials in considerable quantities cost-effectively,"comments Ari Auvinen of VTT, head of the research team.
The tests showed that reflection can be reduced by even 10,000 times in polymers, by adding particles
include high permeability polymers, nanomagnets for medical diagnostics applications, materials for the 3d printing of metal articles,
and help to improve processes such as preparation of inorganic ceramics and thin-film solar cells. The experiments were performed with the help of Yu-chen Karen Chen-Wiegart, Feng Wang, Jun Wang and their co-workers at Beamline X8c
which is covered in turn by an even harder tissue, the enamel. When a dental lesion appears,
#From metal to insulator and back again Metals are compounds that are capable of conducting the flow of electrons that make up an electric current.
At low temperatures, all materials can be classified as either insulators or metals. New work homes in on the physics underlying the recently discovered fact that some metals stop being metallic under pressure.
New work from Carnegie's Russell Hemley and Ivan Naumov hones in on the physics underlying the recently discovered fact that some metals stop being metallic under pressure.
Their work is published in Physical Review Letters. Metals are compounds that are capable of conducting the flow of electrons that make up an electric current.
Other materials, called insulators, are not capable of conducting an electric current. At low temperatures, all materials can be classified as either insulators or metals.
Insulators can be pushed across the divide from insulator to metal by tuning their surrounding conditions,
particularly by placing them under pressure. It was believed long that once such a material was converted into a metal under pressure,
it would stay that way forever as the pressure was increased. This idea goes back to the birth of quantum mechanics in the early decades of the last century.
But it was discovered recently that certain groups of metals become insulating under pressure-a remarkable finding that was thought not previously possible.
Hemley and Naumov wanted to determine the unifying physics framework underlying these unexpected metal-to-insulator-to-metal transitions."
when metals will become insulators under pressure, as well as the reverse, the when-insulators-can-become-metals transition,
"Naumov said. The onsets of these transitions can be determined by the positions of electrons within the basic structure of the material.
Hemley and Naumov demonstrated that for a metal to become an insulator, these reduced-spacing overlaps must be organized in a specific kind of asymmetry that was recognized not previously.
#Scientists create cheaper magnetic material for cars, wind turbines Karl A. Gschneidner and fellow scientists at the U s. Department of energy's Ames Laboratory have created a new magnetic alloy that is an alternative to traditional rare-earth permanent magnets.
The new alloy--a potential replacement for high-performance permanent magnets found in automobile engines and wind turbines--eliminates the use of one of the scarcest and costliest rare earth elements, dysprosium,
and instead uses cerium, the most abundant rare earth. The result, an alloy of neodymium, iron and boron co-doped with cerium and cobalt
is a less expensive material with properties that are competitive with traditional sintered magnets containing dysprosium.
and Mahmud Khan (now at Miami University) demonstrated that the cerium-containing alloy's intrinsic coercivity--the ability of a magnetic material to resist demagnetization--far exceeds that of dysprosium-containing magnets at high temperatures.
because it reduces the Curie temperature--the temperature above which an alloy loses its permanent magnet properties.
But the research team discovered that co-doping with cobalt allowed them to substitute cerium for dysprosium without losing desired magnetic properties.
It's a lot like attaching a drop of solder on the string of a guitar--it changes its vibration frequency and also its tone."
"A common way to decipher molecular structures is to use x-ray crystallography. This complicated method involves purifying and crystallising the molecules,
TUW has developed therefore new polymers.""These are so-called thermoplastic polyurethanes, "explains Robert Liska from the Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry of Vienna University of Technology."
"By selecting very specific molecular building blocks we have succeeded in synthesizing a polymer with the desired properties."
"A thin polymer thread spun into tubesto produce the vascular prostheses, polymer solutions were spun in an electrical field to form very fine threads and wound onto a spool."
"The wall of these artificial blood vessels is very similar to that of natural ones, "says Heinz Schima of the Medical University of Vienna.
The polymer fabric is slightly porous and so, initially, allows a small amount of blood to permeate through
"The researchers resorted to the computational approach because of the difficulty of capturing the structure via X-ray crystallography or single-particle transmission electron microscopy, two of the most common imaging methods at the atomic scale.
"The electrical performance of our materials was comparable to that of reported results from single crystals of molybdenum disulfide,
but instead of a tiny crystal, here we have a 4-inch wafer, "Park said. Molybdenum disulfide,
They found that their crystals grew perfectly stitched together, but only with a little bit of hydrogen and in completely dry conditions, for example.
Distinguished Professor of Materials science and engineering at NC State and corresponding author of a paper describing the work.
The CNT films made using the microcombing technique had more than twice the tensile strength of the uncombed CNT films--greater than 3 gigapascals for the microcombed material,
but it suffers from the difficulty of growing large-size high-quality single crystals, making it difficult and expensive to incorporate in commercial detectors.
Moreover, the detector materials need to have excellent carrier transport efficiency to make sure radiation-generated charges effectively diffuse through the crystal
causing carrier trapping and scattering, thus harming the carrier transport process. Studying the native defects and their effects on charge transport in a material are hence essential for the performance improvement of a radiation detector.
thus reducing carrier scattering and trapping.""The defect and dielectric properties, combined with other good properties such as large band gap, high density,
"Besides medical applications, multimodal tomography could also open up new possibilities in materials science, for instance, in studies of extremely durable and lightweight carbon fibers and other fibrous materials,
The platform is a disposable flexible polyester chip with implanted electrodes. HIV-1 antibodies are added to whole blood
a polyester film with microfluidic channels to capture the T cells, and a detection technology known as lensless shadow imaging.
A single drop of whole blood from a fingerprick was applied to the polyester film, where capillary forces pull the blood into the microfluidic channels.
The shadow of the CD4+T cells that adhere to the channels can then be visualized on the polyester film.
"This study highlights the importance of integrating advances in 3d printing, with those in materials science, to realise a biological outcome,
In past research Salahuddin and his colleagues found that directing electrical current through the rare metal tantalum creates polarity in magnets without an external magnetic field.
strain develops in the diamond's crystal structure. This in turn, influences the spin of the electrons,
Lithium metal, for example, can store about 10 times as much energy per gram, but is extremely dangerous,
who has a joint appointment in MIT's Department of Materials science and engineering.""We came up with the method serendipitously,
and atomic nuclei within molecules that take place in less than a tenth of a trillionth of a second--information that will benefit groundbreaking research in materials science, chemistry and biology.
and it was seen by some as a black sheep of the transition metal dichalcogenides TMD) family and purposefully ignored.
A TMD crystal follows an MX2 format: there is one transition metal, represented by M m can be Tungsten, Molybdenum, etc.)
and two chalcogenides, the X2 (Sulfur, Selenium, or Tellurium. These atoms form a thin, molecular sandwich with the one metal and two chalcogenides,
and depending on their fabrication method can exist in several slightly different shaped atomic arrangements. The overwhelming majority of microchips that exist in electronics now are made from silicon,
and make one 2d crystal that was composed of the semiconducting 2h-Mote2 and the metallic 1t'-Mote2.
#New research may enhance display, LED lighting technology Recently, quantum dots (QDS)--nano-sized semiconductor particles that produce bright, sharp,
developing a new method to extract more efficient and polarized light from quantum dots (QDS) over a large-scale area.
and Mechanical Science & Engineering Professor Andrew Alleyne, embedded QDS in novel polymer materials that retain strong quantum efficiency.
They then used electrohydrodynamic jet (e-jet) printing technology to precisely print the QD-embedded polymers onto photonic crystal structures.
The device is made of thousands of quantum dots, each measuring about six nanometers.""We made a tiny device,
Key to the process is the strong Van der waals interaction that exists between graphene and hexagonal boron nitride, another 2d material within
Thanks to strong Van der waals interactions between graphene and boron nitride, CVD graphene can be separated from the copper
Raman spectroscopy and transport measurements on the graphene/boron nitride heterostructures reveals high electron mobilities comparable with those observed in similar assemblies based on exfoliated graphene.
"Raman spectroscopy uses the way light interacts with matter to produce'unique scattering,'the equivalent of a molecular fingerprint,
Scientists unveil new technique for spotting quantum dots to make high performance nanophotonic devices A quantum dot should produce one and only one photon--the smallest constituent of light--each time it is energized,
finding the quantum dots--they're just about 10 nanometers across--is no small feat. Now, researchers working at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) in the United states,
--but our camera-based imaging technique instead seeks to map the location of the quantum dots first,
One LED activates the quantum dots when it flashes (you could say this LED gives the quantum dots red eye).
At the same time, a second, different color LED flash illuminates metallic orientation marks placed on the surface of the semiconductor wafer the dots are embedded in.
Their coordinates in hand, scientists can then tell the computer-controlled electron beam lithography tool to place any structure the application calls for in its proper relation to the quantum dots,
a technology applied to create electronic devices on a roll of flexible plastics or metal foils.
Phd, a team from Drexel's Department of Materials science and engineering created the material-making method, that can sandwich 2-D sheets of elements that otherwise couldn't be combined in a stable way.
"By'sandwiching'one or two atomic layers of a transition metal like titanium, between monoatomic layers of another metal, such as molybdenum,
as well as superstrong composites--like the ones used in phone cases and body armor. Each new combination of atom-thick layers presents new properties
it is safe to say that this discovery enables the field of materials science and nanotechnology to move into an uncharted territory,
An Elemental Impasse Four years later, the researchers have worked their way through the section of the Periodic table with elements called"transition metals"
it can use this method to make as many as 25 new materials with combinations of transition metals, such as molybdenum and titanium,
"Anasori plans to make more materials by replacing titanium with other metals, such as vanadium, niobium,
structural composites and many other fields, enabling a new level of engineering on the atomic scale
which recur repeatedly to form objects such as snowflakes, ferns and cauliflowers, making their structure appear more complex than it often actually is.
researchers in Brunger's laboratory at the Stanford School of medicine found a way to grow crystals of the complex.
They used a robotic system developed at SSRL to study the crystals at SLAC's LCLS, an X-ray laser that is one of the brightest sources of X-rays on the planet.
The researchers combined and analyzed hundreds of X-ray images from about 150 protein crystals to reveal the atomic-scale details of the joined structure.
The valleys in the surface roughness typically need to be less than one micron in width, the researchers found.
and without the key surface roughness and submerged them in water. Samples with the nanoscale roughness remained dry for up to four months
"The researchers also report that nature uses the same strategy of surface roughness in certain aquatic insects, such as water bugs and water striders.
The work was done by researchers in the laboratories of Lewis and Harry Atwater, director of JCAP and Howard Hughes Professor of Applied Physics and Materials science."
Rare and expensive metals such as platinum can serve as effective catalysts, but in its work the team discovered that it could create a much cheaper,
and safety of the new system is the special plastic membrane that separates the gases
The same design principle can be extended easily to other materials beyond silicon, such as metals glass ceramics and plastics.
The authors believe this work will open the search for a new, unified model of wetting physics that explains wetting phenomena on rough surfaces such as theirs.
Researchers at the George washington University, working in collaboration with the Center for Nanophase Materials sciences at the Oak ridge National Laboratory,
The SUP was confirmed also to contain the computationally designed structural features through examination of the protein crystal structure.
and Ministry of Science and Technology of China (2009cb918500) and the National Natural science Foundation of China (21173013,11021463) to L. L. This research used the Advanced Photon Source for protein crystallography data collection
However, the resulting composite interface is prone to collapse under external pressure. Nanometer-size textures should facilitate more resilient coatings owing to geometry and confinement effects at the nanoscale.
Office of Science, Basic energy Sciences in the Materials sciences and Engineering Division and at the Center for Functional Nanomaterials under Contract No.
The standard approach to squeezing light involves firing an intense laser beam at a material, usually a nonlinear crystal,
"And it can stick tightly to stainless steel, even when the surgical instrument is cleaned.""As a result, he said,
The prototype consists of copper wires insulated with PVC tubes. On one end, the copper wires are hooked up to an external analyzer and on the other end,
in order to detect the presence of hemozoin crystals, Coté notes. Hemozoin crystals are the byproduct of the malaria parasite
and they occur in the blood of an infected host. As polarized light bounces off of these crystals,
they appear as tiny bright dots when observed through the phone's camera lens--enabling an instant,
which can detect birefringence in histological specimens infected with the malaria parasite, "Coté says.""It's a simple, low-cost,
However, quantum dots made of semiconductor materials are offering new hope. A quantum dot is a collection of a few hundred thousand atoms that can form itself into a semiconductor under certain conditions.
Single electrons can be captured in these quantum dots and locked into a very small area. An individual photon is emitted
and manufacturing the tiny metal connections that go into flexible electronics. The metal has to undergo severe stretching
and bending while continuing to conduct electricity. Manufacturers have used so far tiny metal springs that can stretch
a fairly inexpensive metal compared to gold, and periodically bonded it to a plastic layer commonly used in electronics,
it was actually the plastic layer that failed, not the metal.""This is a quantum improvement in stretchable electronics
the researchers also want to better understand the metal's behavior.""A metal film doubling its size
"We have proposed a model for the stretchy metal but much work is needed to validate it.
Although superconductivity has already been observed in intercalated bulk graphite--three-dimensional crystals layered with alkali metal atoms,
Graphene, roughly 200 times stronger than steel by weight, is a single layer of carbon atoms arranged in a honeycomb pattern.
and composites industries. The researchers, which include colleagues at the Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research through the joint Max-Planck-UBC Centre for Quantum Materials,
Although superconductivity has already been observed in intercalated bulk graphite--three-dimensional crystals layered with alkali metal atoms,
Graphene, roughly 200 times stronger than steel by weight, is a single layer of carbon atoms arranged in a honeycomb pattern.
and composites industries. The researchers, which include colleagues at the Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research through the joint Max-Planck-UBC Centre for Quantum Materials,
"said Aaron Lamoureux, a doctoral student in materials science and engineering and first author on the paper in Nature Communications.
"said Max Shtein, associate professor of materials science and engineering.""But inside, it would be doing something remarkable on a tiny scale:
the plastic pulled apart into a basic mesh. The interconnected strips of Kapton tilt in proportion to how much the mesh is stretched, to an accuracy of about one degree.
however, the ion beam destroys the crystal structure of the gallium arsenide and thus its semiconducting properties. Dr. Facsko's group at the HZDR's Ion beam Center therefore uses the opportunity to heat the sample during ion bombardment.
but also knock individual atoms entirely out of the crystal structure. Since the volatile arsenic does not remain bound on the surface,
because they contain iridium, a silvery-white transition metal. New transition metal complexes do not easily breakdown,
which is important for delivery of antibiotics to where they are needed to fight infections in the body.
"So far our findings show that these compounds are safer than other compounds made from transition metals,
A spin wave is caused by a perturbation of the local magnetisation direction in a magnetic material.
the antenna is made from two metal plates placed in parallel to form a waveguide. One of the plates has a small slit in it.
and photoluminescence to optically probe the molecular structure of the phthalocyanine crystals.""Marrying these two techniques together is new;
and the boundaries in the crystals influence the movement of excitons. It's these boundaries that form a"barrier for exciton diffusion,
the team worked in the lab of UVM physics and materials science professor Randy Headrick to successfully form films with jumbo-sized crystal grains and"small angle boundaries."
who directs UVM's program in materials science, "and to do that we need a deeper understanding of exciton diffusion.
#Tiny silica particles could be used to repair damaged teeth, research shows Researchers at the University of Birmingham have shown how the development of coated silica nanoparticles could be used in restorative treatment of sensitive teeth
and preventing the onset of tooth decay. The study, published in the Journal of Dentistry, shows how sub-micron silica particles can be prepared to deliver important compounds into damaged teeth through tubules in the dentine.
The tiny particles can be bound to compounds ranging from calcium tooth building materials to antimicrobials that prevent infection.
When your outer enamel is breached, the exposure of these tubules is really noticeable. If you drink something cold,
"The aim of restorative agents is to increase the mineral content of both the enamel and dentine,
However, the Birmingham team turned to sub-micron silica particles that had been prepared with a surface coating to reduce the chance of aggregation.
"These silica particles are available in a range of sizes, from nanometre to sub-micron,
including brain tissue from surgical steel. Cleaning instruments between patients is critical to avoid transmission of agents leading to conditions such as Creutzfeldt-jakob disease.
and 3d printing techniques to create a custom silicone guide implanted with biochemical cues to help nerve regeneration.
#Silicone vaginal rings deliver antiviral drugs, protect women against HIV Researchers at University Jean Monnet of Saint-Etienne,
France have succeeded in developing a vaginal silicone ring that delivers molecules that act on both HIV and herpes virus.
despite the fact that silicone is a hydrophobic compound, "said Meriam Memmi, author of the study and Phd candidate at University Jean Monnet of Saint-Etienne, France.
This was possible due to the addition of a hydrophilic compound to the silicone, which allowed the drugs to be released from their reservoirs.
These preliminary results demonstrate the ability of silicone rings to continuously deliver hydrophilic antiviral drugs for a long period of time at a concentration that would be effective for neutralizing the viruses present in semen.
"The aim of our study was to develop a vaginal silicone ring that was nontoxic to the health of users
Bruno Pozzetto and of chemists from the Polymer Materials Engineering Laboratory under the supervision of Pr.
Christian Carrot, with the help of Mr. Blaise Figuereo, a silicone engineer who designed the apparatus used to create the reservoir rings s
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