#$650 million commitment to Stanley Center at Broad Institute aims to galvanize mental illness research The following is adapted from a press release issued today by the Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard.
Lasers can also move energy between two points such as two satellites. But this requires an uninterrupted continuous path between the transmitter and the receiver
At the time he was working on various photonics projects lasers solar cells and optical fiber that all involved a phenomenon called resonant coupling.
Scanning the brain with a laser beam can produce 3-D images of neural activity, but it takes a long time to capture an image
anyone could image the particles after shining near-infrared light on them with a laser pointer. The researchers are also working on a smartphone app that would further process the images
#3-D images with only one photon per pixel Lidar rangefinders which are common tools in surveying
and in autonomous vehicle control among other applications gauge depth by emitting short bursts of laser light
In this week s issue of the journal Science researchers from MIT s Research Laboratory of Electronics (RLE) describe a new lidar-like system that can gauge depth
Since a conventional lidar system would require about 100 times as many photons to make depth estimates of similar accuracy under comparable conditions the new system could yield substantial savings in energy and time
and it works much more reliably than lidar in bright sunlight when ambient light can yield misleading readings.
All the hardware it requires can already be found in commercial lidar systems; the new system just deploys that hardware in a manner more in tune with the physics of low light-level imaging and natural scenes.
In a conventional lidar system the laser fires pulses of light toward a sequence of discrete positions
The laser will generally fire a large number of times at each grid position until it gets consistent enough measurements between the times at
So the MIT researchers system produces an initial provisional map of the scene based simply on the number of times the laser has to fire to get a photon back.
which contrasted the new system s performance with that of a conventional lidar system. They ve used a very clever set of information-theoretic techniques to extract a lot of information out of just a few photons
when exposed to laser light. In the past, researchers have exploited this phenomenon to create sensors by coating the nanotubes with molecules,
Don Boroson on NASA s record-breaking use of laser communications Last week NASA announced that the Lunar Laser communication Demonstration (LLCD) on its Lunar Atmosphere
and Dust environment Explorer (LADEE) spacecraft had made history by using a pulsed laser beam to transmit data over the 239000 miles from the moon to Earth at a record-breaking data-download speed of 622 megabits per second (Mbps). This download speed is more than six times faster than the speed achieved by the best
LLCD also demonstrated a data-upload speed of 20 Mbps on a laser beam transmitted from a ground station in New mexico to the LADEE spacecraft in lunar orbit;
It is NASA s first space-based laser communications system. And it is by far the longest two-way laser communications link ever accomplished.
It includes signaling approaches that allow it to give errorfree performance through our turbulent atmosphere.
And the ground receiver is based on arrays of small inexpensive telescopes that are coupled fiber to highly efficient superconducting nanowires a photon counting technology that was brought to its high state of maturity by joint MIT and Lincoln Lab teams.
It has been known for years that laser communications have the potential to deliver much higher data rates and use smaller space terminals than radio-based systems.
But it has been an elusive goal to bring laser communications techniques and systems to the point where they can actually deliver on their promises.
With the success of LLCD next-generation space mission designers can now feel more comfortable in including a laser communication system as part of their design.
and those grew out of our laser communications developments from the previous 20 years. When Lincoln Lab pointed out to the NASA sponsors that the pieces could add up to this demonstration NASA made the mission happen.
whose electronic properties could be unedin real time simply by shining precise laser beams at them. The work pens up a new avenue for optical manipulation of quantum states of matter,
The researchers mixed the photons from an intense laser pulse with the exotic surface electrons on a topological insulator.
changing it from a conductor to a semiconductor just by changing the laser beam polarization. Normally, to produce such dramatic changes in a material properties,
a former postdoc in MIT Laser Biomedical Research center (LBRC) and one of the lead authors of a paper describing the technology in the Oct 2 issue of the journal Scientific Reports.
which works by sending a laser beam through a sample, then splitting the beam into two.
Traditional quantitative phase imaging uses a helium neon laser, which produces visible light, but for the new system the researchers used a titanium sapphire laser that can be tuned to infrared and near-infrared wavelengths.
For this study, the researchers found that light with a wavelength of 980 nanometers worked best.
(and paper co-author) Yoel Fink and his team, for use in photonics and other applications.
while a Lidar system captures 3-D images to discern building facades from the physical environment.
That when they had to install the Lidar system, to better differentiate building facades from the surrounding environment.
The optical lattice was generated using two laser beams traveling in opposite directions, whose fields add up to form a sinusoidal periodic pattern in one dimension.
and then cooled them down with more laser light to just above absolute zero. The charged atoms can then be trapped using voltages applied to nearby metallic surfaces.
The magnetic insulator Shi and his team used was yttrium iron garnet grown by laser molecular beam epitaxy in his lab. The researchers placed a single-layer graphene sheet on an atomically smooth layer of yttrium iron garnet.
Paras Prasad, Phd, executive director of UB's Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics (ILPB; and Guanying Chen, Phd, a researcher at ILPB and Harbin Institute of technology in China.
The Pop wrapper has biophotonic qualities that make it a great match for fluorescence and photoacoustic imagining.
whether the crystalline structure of the materials is mismatched-lowering the manufacturing cost for a wide variety of semiconductor devices such as solar cells lasers and LEDS.
For example in photonic devices like solar cells lasers and LEDS the junction is where photons are converted into electrons or vice versa.
This manufacturing cost is a major reason why semiconductor devices such as solar cells lasers and LEDS remain very expensive.
or lasers-all of which are extremely expensive. Other conventional techniques use mechanical probes which are also costly.
#Breakthrough in flexible electronics enabled by inorganic-based laser lift off Flexible electronics have been touted as the next generation in electronics in various areas ranging from consumer electronics to bio-integrated medical devices.
A research team headed by Professor Keon Jae Lee of the Department of Materials science and engineering at KAIST provides an easier methodology to realize high performance flexible electronics by using the Inorganic-based Laser Lift off (ILLO.
The ILLO process involves depositing a laser-reactive exfoliation layer on rigid substrates and then fabricating ultrathin inorganic electronic devices e g. high density crossbar memristive memory on top of the exfoliation layer.
By laser irradiation through the back of the substrate only the ultrathin inorganic device layers are exfoliated from the substrate
as a result of the reaction between laser and exfoliation layer and then subsequently transferred onto any kind of receiver substrate such as plastic paper and even fabric.
With this technology a low-power laser beam is directed at the tumor where a small amount of magnetic iron-oxide nanoparticles are present either by injecting the particles directly into the tumor
Sufficient heat is generated then locally by the laser light raising the tumor temperature rapidly to above 43 degrees Celsius
so they can be detected by a photon laser light. The laser light heats the nanoparticles to at least 43 degrees Celsius to kill the cancer cells ultimately leaving all the other cells in the body unharmed.
The procedure can ultimately be carried out by the patient following training to direct a small laser light device to the affected area for a specified amount of time two to three times a day.
This method can ultimately improve the success rate as well as cut costs to the patient. This gives point
Photonic systems could eventually replace electronic ones, but the fundamentals of computation, mixing two inputs into a single output, currently require too much space and power when done with light.
and using an optical cavity to amplify the intensity of the output to a usable level.
"but you need a powerful laser, and, even so, the material needs to be a many micrometers
The researchers'optical cavity was able to increase the output wave's intensity by more than a thousand times."
Controlling photoluminescence with silicon nanophotonics for better device e
#Micro-and nano-swimmers can be propelled through media similar to bodily fluids Micro -or even nanorobots could someday perform medical tasks in the human body.
#Method for symmetry-breaking in feedback-driven self-assembly of optical metamaterials (Phys. org) If you can uniformly break the symmetry of nanorod pairs in a colloidal solution you're a step ahead of the game toward achieving new and exciting metamaterial properties.
Zhang and his group demonstrated self-assembled optical metamaterials with tailored broken-symmetries and hence unique electromagnetic responses that can be achieved via their new method.
The paper is titled Feedback-driven self-assembly of symmetry-breaking optical metamaterials in solution. We developed an innovative self-assembly route
The team used a laser to excite the plasmonic resonance of specific particles produced in the reaction.
As a demonstration in our paper we have synthesized a new class of symmetry-breaking optical metamaterials that have isotropic electromagnetic responses
The paper describes how two laser beams beating at a specific frequency are used to drive chemical bonds to vibrate in sync.
By focusing these laser beams onto the nanodiamond, a high-resolution CARS image is generated. Using an in-house built microscope,
The ability to mold inorganic nanoparticles out of materials such as gold and silver in precisely designed 3-D shapes is a significant breakthrough that has the potential to advance laser technology microscopy solar cells electronics environmental testing
but we are now attempting to use near-infrared laser light to improve the tissue penetration and move toward on-demand cancer therapy.
This new kind of optical switch has the potential to revolutionize nanophotonics. The researchers have published now their work in the journal Science.
The incident laser light determines whether the light emitted by the particle travels left or right in the glass fibre.
When a particle that is coupled to the glass fibre is irradiated with a laser in such a way that it emits light of a particular sense of rotation,
"The method could be applied to integrated optical circuits. Such systems may one day replace the electronic circuits we are using today
earlier the group developed the Pulsed laser deposition technique (PLD)# for this building the materials one atomic layer at a time.
heated the surface with a laser beam, and then recorded the temperature evolution of the sample."
when the radius of the laser beam used to heat the metal coated crystals was above ten microns,
#Nanotube cathode beats large pricey laser Scientists are a step closer to building an intense electron beam source without a laser.
that completely eliminates the need for a room-sized laser system. Tests with the nanotube cathode have produced beam currents a thousand to a million times greater than the one generated with a large pricey laser system.
The technology has extensive applications in medical equipment and national security since an electron beam is a critical component in generating X-rays.
Traditionally accelerator scientists use lasers to strike cathodes in order to eject electrons through photoemission. The electric and magnetic fields of the particle accelerator then organize the electrons into a beam.
The tested nanotube cathode requires no laser: it only needs the electric field already generated by an accelerator to siphon the electrons off a process dubbed field emission n
The material is a two-dimensional metallic dielectric photonic crystal and has the additional benefits of absorbing sunlight from a wide range of angles
The material is made from a collection of nanocavities and you can tune the absorption just by changing the size of the nanocavities Chou says.
Another key characteristic of the new material Chou says is that it is matched well to existing manufacturing technology.
#Controlling photoluminescence with silicon nanophotonics for better devices Silicon nanowires have a great deal of potential in future high-performance electronic sensing and energy devices.
Novel applications of'quantum dots'including lasers biological markers qubits for quantum computing and photovoltaic devices arise from the unique optoelectronic properties of the QDS
However unlike graphene TMDCS can also emit light allowing applications such as photodetectors and light emitting devices to be manufactured.
A team of physicists headed by Frank Vollmer of the Laboratory for Nanophotonics and Biosensors at the Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light has succeeded now in amplifying the interaction of light with DNA molecules to the extent that their photonic biosensor can be used to observe single unlabelled molecules and their interactions.
With the help of a prism, the researchers shine laser light into the microsphere. The light is reflected repeatedly at the internal surface of the sphere until, ultimately,
On each side of the seesaw benches researchers etched an array of holes called photonic crystal cavities.
"The researchers use a direct laser writing method called two-photon lithography to"write"a three-dimensional pattern in a polymer by allowing a laser beam to crosslink
The parts of the polymer that were exposed to the laser remain intact while the rest is dissolved away, revealing a three-dimensional scaffold.
Using a laser to excite electromagnetic waves called plasmons at the surface of the wire the researchers found that the Mos2 flake at the far end of the wire generated strong light emission.
Combining electronics and photonics on the same integrated circuits could drastically improve the performance and efficiency of mobile technology.
K. Goodfellow R. Beams C. Chakraborty L. Novotny A n. Vamivakas Integrated nanophotonics based on nanowire plasmons and atomically-thin material Optica Vol. 1 Issue
2 In LPTP, the organic photovoltaic sample is illuminated with a laser pulse, which results in a temporary high-voltage that decays over a time from nanosecond to seconds.
The researchers used a handheld device resembling a laser pointer that can detect Raman nanoprobes with very high accuracy.
#Ultrafast graphene based photodetectors with data rates up to 50 GBIT/s In cooperation with Alcatel Lucent Bell labs researcher from AMO realized the worldwide fastest Graphene based photodetectors.
In the current work Graphene based photodetectors were integrated in a conventional silicon photonic platform designed for future on-chip applications in the area of ultrafast data communication.
In addition the specific features of Graphene-based photodetectors like dark current free and high speed operation
not only set a new benchmark for graphene based photodetectors but also demonstrate for the first time that Graphene based photodetectors surpass comparable detectors based on conventional materials concerning maximal data rates.
The work was supported by the European commission through the Flagship project Graphene and the integrated project Grafol as well as the DPG supported project Gratis.
The publication is published in the international renowned journal ACS Photonics and was chosen as Editor's Choice article.
50 GBIT/s photodetectors based on wafer-scale graphene for integrated silicon photonic communication systems. ACS Photonics Just Accepted Manuscript.
DOI: 10.1021/ph500160 6
#Graphene reinvents the future For many scientists the discovery of one-atom-thick sheets of graphene is hugely significant something with the potential to affect just about every aspect of human activity and endeavour.
The separation of photoexcited electrons and holes is essential for driving an electrical current in a photodetector or solar cell."
not only for photonics and optoelectronics, but also for photovoltaics.""MX2 semiconductors have extremely strong optical absorption properties
#Biomimetic photodetector'sees'in color (Phys. org) Rice university researchers have created a CMOS-compatible biomimetic color photodetector that directly responds to red green
The new device was created by researchers at Rice's Laboratory for Nanophotonics (LANP) and is described online in a new study in the journal Advanced Materials.
It uses an aluminum grating that can be added to silicon photodetectors with the silicon microchip industry's mainstay technology complementary metal-oxide semiconductor or CMOS.
Conventional photodetectors convert light into electrical signals but have no inherent color-sensitivity. To capture color images photodetector makers must add color filters that can separate a scene into red green and blue color components.
This color filtering is done commonly using off-chip dielectric or dye color filters which degrade under exposure to sunlight
The color photodetector resulted from a $6 million research program funded by the Office of Naval Research that aimed to mimic cephalopod skin using metamaterials compounds that blur the line between material and machine.
Based on that hypothesis LANP graduate student Bob Zheng the lead author of the new Advanced Materials study set out to design a photonic system that could detect colored light.
Zheng's color photodetector uses a combination of band engineering and plasmonic gratings comb-like aluminum structures with rows of parallel slits.
which is a common technique in CMOS processing Zheng deposited a thin layer of aluminum onto a silicon photodetector topped with an ultrathin oxide coating.
Color selection is performed by utilizing interference effects between the plasmonic grating and the photodetector's surface.
and the width and spacing of the slits Zheng was able to preferentially direct different colors into the silicon photodetector
Not only are we using the photodetector as an amplifier we're also using the plasmonic color filter as a way to increase the amount of light that goes into the detector he said.
It's like having an extremely powerful magnifying glass made out of gold said Professor Jeremy Baumberg of the Nanophotonics Centre at Cambridge's Cavendish Laboratory who led the research.
and characterize inkjet printed 2d crystal-based flexible photodetectors and study their integration with commercial electronics.
Photodetectors are needed in cameras automotive applications sensing and telecommunications medical devices and security he says. If these could be made flexible they could be integrated in clothes rolled up
and insulating properties with a faster response time outperforming the current organic semiconducting inks enabling printed flexible photodetectors
Mos2) due to their 2d nature electrons and holes are generated with a higher efficiency than the current photodetectors based on siliconthe project funded by the National Natural science Foundation of China looks into how to design printed flexible photodetectors
#Tiny laser sensor heightens bomb detection sensitivity New technology under development at the University of California,
Because of this, the researchers are hopeful that their plasmon laser sensor could detect pentaerythritol tetranitrate, or PETN, an explosive compound considered a favorite of terrorists.
The new device builds upon earlier work in plasmon lasers by Zhang's lab that compensated for this light leakage by using reflectors to bounce the surface plasmons back and forth inside the sensor similar to the way sound waves are reflected across the room
"The difference in intensity is similar to going from a light bulb for a table lamp to a laser pointer,
#Nanophotonics experts create powerful molecular sensor Nanophotonics experts at Rice university have created a unique sensor that amplifies the optical signature of molecules by about 100 billion times.
which is described this week in the journal Nature Communications, uses a form of Raman spectroscopy in combination with an intricate but mass reproducible optical amplifier.
Researchers at Rice's Laboratory for Nanophotonics (LANP) said the single-molecule sensor is about 10 times more powerful that previously reported devices."
"The optical sensor uses Raman spectroscopy, a technique pioneered in the 1930s that blossomed after the advent of lasers in the 1960s.
a two-coherent-laser technique called"coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy,"or CARS. By using CARS in conjunction with a light amplifier made of four tiny gold nanodiscs,
"The two-coherent-laser setup in SECARS is important because the second laser provides further amplification,
"Zhang said.""In a conventional single-laser setup, photons go through two steps of absorption and re-emission,
and the optical signatures are amplified usually around 100 million to 10 billion times. By adding a second laser that is coherent with the first one,
the SECARS technique employs a more complex multiphoton process.""Zhang said the additional amplification gives SECARS the potential to address most unknown samples.
That's an added advantage over current techniques for single-molecule sensing, which generally require a prior knowledge about a molecule's resonant frequency before it can be measured accurately.
Another key component of the SECARS process is the device's optical amplifier, which contains four tiny gold discs in a precise diamond-shaped arrangement.
A photonic crystal fiber was used to generate (quasi-white light) supercontinuum to probe the spectral response of select regions within the array.
with sphere size and distribution controlled by the laser annealing conditions. Next, the nanosphereilicon complex was immersed into a solution of hydrogen peroxide and hydrofluoric acid mixture that eats away at silicon atoms directly underneath the catalytic silver nanospheres.
They also are exploring using lasers to precisely shrink the plastic in specific patterns. Nam first had the idea for using Shrinky Dinks plastic to assemble nanomaterials after seeing a microfluidics device that used channels made of shrinking plastic.
This interaction enables the energy transfer between the internalized molecules says Raymo director of the UM laboratory for molecular photonics.
Subramani Swaminathan and Janet Cusido from the UM's Laboratory for Molecular Photonics Department of chemistry in the College of Arts and Sciences;
#Nanoparticles could provide easier route for cell therapy UT Arlington physics researchers may have developed a way to use laser technology to deliver drug and gene therapy at the cellular level without damaging surrounding tissue.
the team paired crystalline magnetic carbon nanoparticles and continuous wave near-infrared laser beams for in
and Mohanty used a 50 to 100 milliwatt laser and the same carbon nanoparticle, which absorbs the beam,
continuous wave near-infrared laser and the nanoparticle to permeate the cell membrane without killing the cells.
Scientists looking to create a path into the cell without employing a virus also have experimented with using UV-visible light laser beams alone.
A significant advantage of the new method is that the near-infrared light absorption of the nanoparticle can be used to selectively amplify interaction of low power laser with targeted tissue
and"laser induced-damage to non-targeted cells along the irradiation path can be avoided, "the report says.
This new form of solid stable light-sensitive nanoparticles called colloidal quantum dots could lead to cheaper and more flexible solar cells as well as better gas sensors infrared lasers infrared light emitting diodes and more.
The sensors developed by the Cambridge team are made using laser light, which organises metal nanoparticles into alternating layers in thin gel films to produce the sensors in a matter of seconds.
The use of lasers means that the sensors can be manufactured easily at scale.""These sensors can be used to screen for diabetes in resource-poor countries,
and Synthesis of 3d Nanostructures in the Quantum Electronics and Photonics Division is that if you deform them even a little bit
and scientists are already using lasers to illuminate nanoscale samples during AFM scans. The problem with that approach says veteran NSMM researcher Pavel Kabos of the Advanced High-frequency Devices Program in PML's Electromagnetics Division is that the laser has to shine in from the side.
As a result you get cast shadows and significant uncertainty as to exactly what area is being illuminated.
And of course the laser and its mounting take up a great deal of space. With the new design the illumination will be applied directly over the probe tip at the same place on the sample that is being exposed to the microwave signal.
Researchers from the University of Cambridge have used this relationship, in combination with powerful lasers and nanopatterned gold surfaces
The sensing mechanism, designed by Dr Ventsislav Valev and Professor Jeremy Baumberg from the Cavendish Laboratory, in collaboration with colleagues from the UK and abroad, uses a nanopatterned gold surface in combination with powerful lasers.
By using powerful lasers however, second harmonic generation (SHG) chiroptical effects emerge, which are typically three orders of magnitude stronger.
"By using nanostructures, lasers and this unique twisting property of light, we could selectively destroy the unwanted form of the molecule,
#Graphene photonics breakthrough promises fast-speed low-cost communications Swinburne researchers have developed a high-quality continuous graphene oxide thin film that shows potential for ultrafast telecommunications.
Associate professor Baohua Jia led a team of researchers from Swinburne's Centre for Microphotonics to create a micrometre thin film with record-breaking optical nonlinearity suitable for high performance integrated photonic devices used in all-optical communications, biomedicine
and photonic computing.""Such a laser patternable highly nonlinear thin film, about one hundredth of a human hair, has not been achieved by any other material,
"Professor Jia said. Graphene is derived from carbon, the fourth most abundant element on earth. It has many useful properties,
Using a laser as a pen they created microstructures on the graphene oxide film to tune the nonlinearity of the material."
on which everything can be fabricated with laser and then it is automatically integratable.""Current manufacturing methods in semiconductor labs require expensive cleanrooms to fabricate photonic chips.
The fabrication and laser writing of this photonic material is simple and low cost.""Using this new method,
we have demonstrated the possibility of manufacturing a scalable and cheap material, "Professor Jia said. The research is published in Advanced Materials.
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