They attempted to delete a gene for a blood disorder called beta thalassemia from the DNA of 86 nonviable embryos.
which causes Tay-sachs disease--a disease in which children develop normally for six months and then become progressively deaf, blind, unable to swallow, and paralytic,
before dying at four-will benefit future generations. We lose nothing by editing this gene out of the human lineage.
Of course, gene editing techniques are nowhere near ready to eradicate human diseases. The modifications are difficult to target
Liu hopes that his invention would one day be used to build shapeshifting robots to repair pipelines and delivery medicine inside blood vessels.
pitching coaches can do little to predict the injury. They look at certain metrics--throwing speed and pitch count--to guess
dubbed Tommy John surgery after the first player to get it, in 1974. Solution: During spring training this year, more than 10 MLB teams began using the Motus mthrow motion-tracking system to keep tabs on pitchersarm health.
The Pitch Bryan Christie Design After Tommy John surgery pitchers are out of rotation for an average of one year
It our single biggest health problem, affecting the lives of 100 million adults--more than heart disease, cancer,
and diabetes combined. And that figure, from a 2011 Institute of Medicine report, doesn even count kids in pain, veterans with devastating war injuries,
or people in nursing homes. Yet despite the fact that chronic pain is the primary reason Americans receive disability benefits, its one of the least understood afflictions.
Medical schools teach doctors almost nothing about it, spending a median of nine hours on the topic over four years.
The good news, finally, is that scientists from Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) in Boston have unveiled a new brain-scanning method that allows doctors to see chronic pain in exquisite detail for the first time.
according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention The new method produced dramatic images showing how glial cells
MIT sees it as a potential system for hospitals or rescue work, and it easy to imagine the same robots that here dispense beer instead taking orders for water bottles and crackers at an emergency shelter.
like morphine or codeine, are important for medical purposes. The drugs have been around for millennia
Material that heals itself in the presence of water could extend the usability of biomedical implants
The researchers next plan to study how their technology could help heal wounds n
#Can You Catch Alzheimer? The gradual loss of memory and thinking skills caused by Alzheimer disease are debilitating.
Scientists aren quite sure what causes the condition, but have hypothesized long that the disease results from a combination of genetic, environmental,
and lifestyle factors. Now a team of British researchers might have discovered a new cause: transmissible clumps of proteins called prions.
but can sometimes cause disease. Unlike bacteria or viruses, prions don have any of their own DNA;
they cause disease when they become misfolded so that they can no longer function properly, and they propagate throughout the brain.
Many of the resulting diseases, such as Creutzfeldt-jakob disease (CJD), have long incubation periods but eventually lead to death.
as children, received a medical procedure that was later found to transmit prions. They all died of CJD between the ages of 36 and 51.
thought to be a driver of Alzheimer disease. In fact, four patients had uite substantial Alzheimer-like pathology,
says John Collinge, one of the authors of the study said in a press conference. n that age group you don really see this sort of pathology;
it only really seen in elderly individuals unless you have a genetic predisposition to it,
and none of these patients did suspected. he researchers that other prion diseases might increase the production of amyloid beta,
so they checked the records of 116 other patients with different types of prion disease.
But they note that medical procedures like surgery or blood transfusions could play a role in transmitting prions,
putting patients at a higher risk of developing Alzheimer. There is no evidence of this connection yetnd,
as a spokesperson from The british Department of health points out, a small study of eight patients isn yet cause for alarmut the researchers hope to investigate how prions could be transmitted in a medical setting in the near future e
#Nose-Like Biosensor Sniffs Out Stinky Drinking water Electronic noses can detect bugs, disease or even explosives.
paralyzed due to a spinal injury, was able to feel a physical sensation thanks to a hand prosthetic attached to his brain,
and Better Memory ST LOUIS By hardwiring into the brains of people with traumatic injuries, scientists have been able to restore the feeling of touch
could help people suffering from traumatic brain injury. The Defense department research wing shared both milestones last week at a conference called ait, What?
people who were undergoing brain surgery and volunteered to get electrode implants saw improvement in their scores on memory tests,
DARPA said. They received small electrode arrays placed in brain regions involved in the formation of declarative memory, according to DARPA.
which could help people with memory problems including those with traumatic brain injuries, Sanchez said. s the technology of these fully implantable devices improves,
and as we learn more about how to stimulate the brain ever more precisely to achieve the most therapeutic effects,
and others who today suffer from intractable neurological problems, he said u
#British Scientists Want Permission To Genetically Edit Viable Human Embryos Cas9, the enzyme used in the CRISPR/Cas9 genome-editing technique, employed on a stand of DNA.
and after Chinese researchers reported they had employed indeed successfully the CRISPR/Cas9 system on nonviable human embryos to remove a part of the gene that causes a genetic blood condition called beta thalassemia.
and even preventing certain diseases, if given the proper basic research. Niakan told The Guardian:
#FDA Approves Use Of Engineered Herpes virus To Treat Cancer Yesterday, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) announced that it had approved the drug Imlygic to treat late-stage melanoma on the skin and lymph nodes.
The drug, which relies upon a genetically engineered herpes virus to attack and kill the cancerous cells,
And while malignant cancers often slip by the immune system, the viruspresence ignites the immune response. Combined, these reactions mean that virology can successfully treat even some late-stage cancers that are often resistant to other treatment methods.
Before it was approved, Imlygic was tested in more than 400 patients with metastatic melanoma, which kills about 10,000 people per year in the United states,
which had caused lesions in patientsskin or lymph nodes. When the drug was injected into the cancerous sites over the course of six months,
more than 16 percent of patients saw their lesions shrink. So far, virology treatments haven worked as well in cancers in tissues deeper in the bodyhe drug has to be injected directly into the tumor site
or the immune system will launch its attack too early, according to Nature News. But a number of drugs using different viruses
and to treat several types of cancer are already in clinical trials. Now that the first virology cancer treatment has been approved,
researchers hope that many more are to follow e
#This Flexible Electronic Sticks To Your Skin And Can Measure Your Blood Flow The blood coursing through your arteries
and veins bring necessary nutrients to organs throughout the body as well as take waste away. But conditions such as diabetes, kidney disease,
and certain types of inflammation can limit blood flow to various parts of the body
and monitor various medical conditions that may alter blood flow w
#Open-source Soil Sensors: Vinduino As California fourth straight year of drought forces farmers to cut back on water use,
when the sensing of light overlaps within these conesnchroma glasses allow wearers with red-green color blindness to see color again.
the MCA Chicago is making a move that might inspire other museums to increase accessibility for visitors with color blindness h
You can watch this review from Toxic Inferno. An actual key and knife were used actually to punish the case,
Compasses and GPS help people without disabilities find their destinations every day, but are of less use to the visually impaired,
The device is designed to detect syphilis, gonorrhoea, chlamydia and trichomoniasis, the most common in the category,
In these type of tests, reagents bond to specific proteins formed by the body under attack from an infection.
and recommends nearby doctors and facilities for treatment. Although shrinking the chemistry can be easy,
when testing for HIV infection and herpes. Other STDS are tested by confirming virus or bacterial presence in swabs or sample tissue from the patient.
Because it tests for antibodies, which is a bodily response, there is timeframe for false negatives.
However, due to Hoope wearable design and likely affordability, tests can be done easily on the go-go and in a minute once a day
overall minimizing the possibility of an undetected infection. The startup team is headed by Kazakhstani Damel Mektepbayeva,
a biotechnologist who has helped developed stem cell-based treatments for ischemic diseases. The Hoope idea originated from a NASA camp where Damel team bested 80 other scientists in developing an impactful product.
Farmedhere produce is grown indoors in urban facilities, away from the bugs, diseases, pesticides, and weather that impact most produce today.
The area in which Park has established herself as an expert is the field of study related to the creation and monitoring of delivery vehicles that carry medicine to specific locations within the body.
when she saw the side effects of cancer and how the drugs used to kill cancer cells also killed other parts of the body.
In doing this, the medical treatment would be more effective and the patient could remain stronger during treatment.
or risk to doctors who are trying to reach that locale with medicine. Two areas that have been of particular interest to her are spinal discs and places within the eyeball, both
Preliminary testing of the drug delivery procedure is being performed at the Laboratory Animal Medical Services (LAMS) facility on UC's East Campus. Currently Park is in the preclinical phase,
new ways to deliver medicines and other applications. Most commercial robots are made stiff of hard plastics and metal parts.
#Gene on-off switch works like backpack strap A research team based in Houston Texas Medical center has found that the proteins that turn genes on by forming loops in human chromosomes work like the sliding plastic adjusters on a grade-schooler backpack.
This discovery could provide new clues about genetic diseases and allow researchers to reprogram cells by directly modifying the loops in genomes.
The multi-institutional group includes researchers from Baylor College of Medicine Rice Univ.,Stanford Univ. and the Broad Institute.
Rao likened the result to a new form of genome surgery: a procedure that can modify how a genome is folded by design
An abnormally high or low white blood count, for instance, might indicate a bone marrow pathology or AIDS.
The rupturing of white blood cells might be the sign of an underlying microbial or viral infection.
Strangely shaped cells often indicate cancer. While this old, simple technique may seem a quaint throwback in the age of high-technology health care tools like genetic sequencing,
flow cytometry and fluorescent tagging, the high cost and infrastructure requirements of these techniques largely limit them to laboratory settingsomething point-of-care diagnostics aims to fix.
Her research today involves translating molecular imaging research to point-of-care diagnosticsescribes the fluorescence microscope system this week in a paper published in Biomedical Optics Express, from The Optical Society.
or MEG, is a noninvasive technique for investigating human brain activity for surgical planning or research,
and has been used in hospitals and universities for more than 30 years. It's just one of the many powerful technologies made possible by a tiny device called a SQUID, short for superconducting quantum interference device.
Scientists at the Univ. of Nebraska Medical center designed a new delivery system for these drugs that,
Nanotechnology, Biology and Medicine. While current HIV treatments involve pills that are taken daily, the new regimens'long-lasting effects suggest that HIV treatment could be administered perhaps once or twice per year.
thereby prolonging its therapeutic effect.""The chemical marriage between URMC-099 and antiretroviral drug nanoformulations could increase drug longevity,
and reduce general toxicities, "said Gendelman, lead study author and professor and chair of the Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience at Nebraska,
"We are excited about pursing this research for the treatment and eradication of HIV infections.""The two therapies were tested together in laboratory experiments using human immune cells
and in mice that were engineered to have a human immune system. Gendelman and Gelbard believe that the nanoformulation technology helps keep the protease inhibitor in white blood cells longer
Gelbard, director of UR's Center for Neural development and Disease, developed URMC-099 to treat HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders or HAND,
as any patient prescribed URMC-099 would also be taking antiretroviral therapy. The goal was to determine
"Our ultimate hope is that we're able to create a therapy that could be given much less frequently than the daily therapy that is required today,
reduce side effects and help people manage the disease, because they won't have to think about taking medication every day. a
#Snake venom helps hydrogels stop the bleeding A nanofiber hydrogel infused with snake venom may be the best material to stop bleeding quickly, according to Rice Univ. scientists.
and quickly turns into a gel that conforms to the site of a wound, keeping it closed,
The hydrogel may be most useful for surgeries particularly for patients who take anticoagulant drugs to thin their blood. t interesting that you can take something so deadly
It has been used in various therapies as a way to remove excess fibrin proteins from the blood to treat thrombosis and as a topical hemostat.
This is important because surgical bleeding in patients taking heparin can be a serious problem. The use of batroxobin allows us to get around this problem
The substance used for medicine is produced by genetically modified bacteria and then purified, avoiding the risk of other contaminant toxins.
and injected at the site of a wound, where they reassemble themselves into a gel.
Tests showed the new material stopped a wound from bleeding in as little as six seconds and further prodding of the wound minutes later did not reopen it.
The new work builds upon the Rice lab extensive development of injectable hydrogel scaffolds that help wounds heal
What we did was combine it with the hydrogel wee been working on for a long time. e think SB50 has great potential to stop surgical bleeding, particularly in difficult cases in
Those results raised concerns about the use of CRISPR technology in studying human diseases. As a potential solution
Now, a team of researchers from Duke university have shown that these gene-controlling methods are capable of the high degree of precision required for basic science and medical research.
and potentially treating human diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative conditions and diabetes, which can be driven by mutations in control regions of the genome.
and fix the root causes of many diseases. It could also help researchers understand and change how different people respond to drugs.
how those switches differ between individuals and the implications of these insights for human traits and diseases.
Crawford, associate professor of pediatrics, has spent more than a decade developing techniques to identify control regions across the genome
a team of bioengineers at Rice Univ. and surgeons at the Univ. of Pennsylvania have created an implant with an intricate network of blood vessels that points toward a future of growing replacement tissues and organs for transplantation.
or weeks to grow in the lab prior to surgery. The new study was performed by a research team led by Jordan Miller, assistant professor of bioengineering at Rice,
and Pavan Atluri, assistant professor of surgery at Penn. The study showed that blood flowed normally through test constructs that were connected surgically to native blood vessels.
In this study, we are taking the first step toward applying an analogy from transplant surgery to 3-D printed constructs we make in the lab. iller
and his team thought long-term about what the needs would be for transplantation of large tissues made in the laboratory. hat a surgeon needs
in order to do transplant surgery isn just a mass of cells; the surgeon needs a vessel inlet
and an outlet that can be connected directly to arteries and veins, he said. Bioengineering graduate student Samantha Paulsen and research technician Anderson Ta worked together to develop a proof-of-concept construct small silicone gel about the size of a small candy gummy bearsing 3
but they have some of the key features relevant for a transplant surgeon, Miller said. e created a construct that has one inlet and one outlet,
which are about 600 to 800 um. ollaborating surgeons at Penn in Atluri group connected the inlet
and unobstructed for up to three hours. his study provides a first step toward developing a transplant model for tissue engineering where the surgeon can directly connect arteries to an engineered tissue,
"Today's announcement presents a major environmental, social and public health opportunity for the U s, . and we're proud to be part of a national effort to reduce the food that goes into landfills."
#Brain training app could help people with schizophrenia Scientists at Cambridge university said tests on a small number of patients who played the game over four weeks found they had improvements in memory and learning.
Schizophrenia is a long-term mental health condition that causes a range of psychological symptoms, ranging from changes in behavior through to hallucinations and delusions.
While some psychotic symptoms can be treated reasonably well with medication patients often still have debilitating problems with memory
and cognitive function, meaning they struggle to get back to work or stay in education. There is increasing evidence that computer-assisted training can help people with schizophrenia overcome some of their symptoms, with better outcomes in their daily lives.
This study, published in the journal Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B, found that 22 patients who played the memory game made significantly fewer errors
which doctors use to rate the social, occupational and psychological functioning of adults. Importantly, the patients also said they enjoyed the game
since lack of motivation is a common feature of schizophrenia.""We need a way of treating the cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia, such as problems with episodic memory,
but slow progress is being made toward developing a drug treatment, "said Barbara Sahakian from the department of psychiatry at Cambridge university."
"This proof-of-concept study...demonstrates that the memory game can help where drugs have failed so far.
was approved for oral use as a prescription adjunctive therapy in the treatment of epilepsy, the company said on Monday.
In the healthcare industry, these printers are used by dentists to create replicas of jaws and teeth as well as some finished dental implants and orthopedic surgeons have tested them to make customized hip replacements.
British scientists have used also 3d printing to create personalized replica models of cancerous parts of the body to allow doctors to target tumors more precisely y
#Eco-friendly 3d printed supercar Kevin Czinger of Divergent Microfactories has spent most of his career in the automotive industry.
The stickers are attached to the body using a medical-grade adhesive that can be peeled easily off after use without hurting the skin.
#This special chair is saving the lives of hundreds of dogs This might be the most regal solution for a medical problem wee ever seen:
#Non-Genetic Cancer Mechanism Found Cancer can be caused solely by protein imbalances within cells, a study of ovarian cancer has found.
The discovery is a major breakthrough because genetic aberrations have been seen as the main cause of almost all cancer.
The research in Oncogene demonstrates that protein imbalance is a powerful prognostic tool, indicating whether or not patients are likely to respond to chemotherapy
and whether a tumor is likely to spread to other sites. The findings also open the possibility of new therapies aimed at measuring
and preventing dangerous imbalances in cells. The research led by scientists at the University of Leeds and The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, focused on the"Akt pathway,"a signaling pathway within cells that drives cancer formation and the spread of cancers
through the body. Under normal conditions, the cell receives external signals through a cell wall-bound receptor (FGFR2 in this study.
A conventional approach to diagnosing this cancer would be to look for genetic modification of the receptor
In this way, an imbalance in the amount of the two proteins can lead to cell proliferation and cancer formation.
whether you have a predisposition to cancer and, ultimately, use a precision medicine-based approach to develop a therapeutic approach.
Our study demonstrates that genetic screening alone is not enough.""Dr Zahra Timsah, University Academic Fellow at the University of Leeds'School of Molecular and Cellular biology, who was the lead researcher on the study,
which cancer can occur. We found that in cells where Grb2 is depleted, FGFR2 was vulnerable to Plc?
and found that Grb2 depletion results in the development of multiple tumors in the vicinity of a primary tumour,
indicating that protein imbalance can have a role in metastasis, the spread of a cancer through the body.
1 was predictive of the progress of ovarian cancers in patients. Measuring the levels of the proteins in patient tissues followed by database analysis of clinical information from The Cancer Genome Atlas
and other sources revealed that a high level of Grb2 relative to Plc? 1 and FGFR2 was associated with a significantly more favorable prognosis than patients with elevated levels of Plc?
It involved researchers from the University of Leeds, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center and the UT Health Science Center at Houston t
#Normalization Of Testosterone Level After Testosterone Replacement Therapy Patients with low testosterone levels who have gone then on to have testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) could be at lower risk of cardiovascular events such as heart attack or stroke,
In the study, researchers from Kansas city VA Medical centre in Kansas city, USA, examined the effect of TRT on cardiovascular outcomes by comparing incidences of heart attack, stroke,
Dr Rajat S. Barua, the corresponding author of the paper and a cardiologist, said:""With such widespread and ever increasing use of TRT,
#Researchers Discover Key Mechanism To Emergence Of Deadly Strep Bacteria The incidence of serious strep infections has risen dramatically in the last three decades,
a virus infected the strep bacteria creating a deadly strain of lesh-eatingbacteria that has evolved to produce serious human infections worldwide. ust like a computer virus might come in
. UCSD Professor of Pediatrics and Pharmacy. he consequences of this event on human health are still being felt three decades later.
The research focuses on the major human pathogen group A Streptococcus (trep) Among the most important of all human infectious disease agents,
strep is responsible for a wide range of diseases, ranging from simple throat and skin infections to life-threatening invasive conditions such as necrotizing fasciitis (lesh-eating disease and toxic shock syndrome.
Strep is estimated to cause over 700 million infections each year; over 650,000 of these are dangerous invasive forms.
The UCSD-Australian research team sought to identify what special characteristics make the invasive M1t1 strep clone so virulent for humans.
They observed that during the early stages of a simple skin infection, a small subpopulation of the strep bacteria hijack a protein called plasminogen from the human bloodstream.
the human immune system normally would clear a localized infection. But in the case of the M1t1 strep clone, natural selection instead favors the emergence of the invasive mutants.
can generate hypervirulent bacterial variants with an increased risk of producing invasive infections, said lead author Mark Walker, Ph d. a Professor of Biological sciences at the University of Wollongong. n the case of the invasive strep clone,
a bacteriophage provided the bacterium a genetic advantage that turned a relatively benign pathogen into a potential deadly disease agent.
When neutrophils of the immune system are summoned to clear a simple strep infection, they apply a natural selective pressure favoring the genetic mutation. he mutation allows the bacteria
and other severe forms of strep infection, said Walker. The research team used genetically engineered mice expressing human plasminogen
then spread throughout the body to produce a fatal infection. When the researchers eliminated the single bacteriophage gene encoding the neutrophil resistance factor
and could no longer spread to produce severe infection. Ancestral strains of the M1t1 strep, isolated before the acquisition of the bacteriophage,
also failed to undergo the mutation to produce serious disease. The collaborative study was initiated during Prof.
Katrin Dinkla and Gurshan Chhatwal of the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research in Braunschweig, Germany;
and John Buchanan, UCSD Assistant Research Scientist in Pediatrics
#Spontaneous Rare Mutations Cause Half Of Autism Researchers are saying a new analysis of data on the genetics of autism spectrum disorder disputes a commonly held belief that autism results from the chance combinations
of commonly occurring gene mutations, which are otherwise harmless. They find, instead, further evidence to suggest that devastating"ultra-rare"mutations of genes that they classify as"vulnerable"play a causal role in roughly half of all autism spectrum disorder cases.
The vulnerable genes to which they refer harbor what they call an LGD, or likely gene-disruption.
a Cold Spring Harbotr Laboratory assistant professor and on faculty at the New york Genome Center, finds that"autism genes"-i e.,
when mutated, may contribute to an ASD diagnosis-tend to have fewer mutations than most genes in the human gene pool.
and give rise to autism, usually don't remain in the gene pool for more than one generation before they are,
This is because those born with severe autism rarely reproduce. The team's data helps the research community prioritize which genes with LGDS are most likely to play a causal role in ASD.
The team pares down a list of about 500 likely causal genes to slightly more than 200 best"candidate"autism genes.
and Dr. Kenny Ye, a statistician at Albert Einstein College of Medicine. They predicted that unaffected mothers are"carriers"of devastating mutations that are transmitted preferentially to children affected with severe ASD.
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