could be the key to better understanding disease Medical professionals everywhere may be stunned by a new discovery that overturns decades of textbook teaching.
Just as with chronic inflammation, modern medicine has accused the immune system as having gone awry and as the primary source of most problems associated with that process.
Might scientists now begin to consider the possibility that something as basic as the body's plumbing system may well hold the key to solving dozens of disease riddles?
they do need to find new answers about the workings of the brain and the diseases that plague it.
That all diseases result in morbidity, that all morbidity forms blockages, and that all degenerative processes can be reversed naturally, thanks to a relationship between the blood stream and the lymphatic system,
SCHIZOPHRENIA BIPOLAR OR MANIACO-DEPRESSION, HOW PLASMA PROTEINS PRODUCE THE CONDITION AT THE BRAIN CELLS'LEVEL OF CHEMICAL IMBALANCE,
They've recently even decided that California should cover the health care costs of the children of illegal immigrants.
free health care for everyone, unlimited debt spending on entitlement programs, magical waterfalls of free H2o falling out of the clouds, and so on.
More news on Greece deficit Learn these simple tips for preventing cancer naturallymonsanto: The world's poster child for corporate manipulation and deceitextreme bias at Wikipedia on homeopathic medicineguatemalan STD medical experiments were just one crime in a long history of medical-government collusion to use humans
as guinea pigsvicious vaccine culture war now being waged against informed, intelligent Americans who seek to protect their children from deadly side effects131 Ways for an Infant to Die:
Vaccines and Sudden Deathnaturalnews exclusive: Michigan government unleashes armed raids on small pig farmers, forces farmer to shoot all his own pigs/**CONFIGURATION VARIABLES:
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#Promising antibiotic discovered in microbial ark matteran antibiotic with the ability to vanquish drug-resistant pathogens has been discovered through a soil bacterium found just beneath the surface of a grassy field in Maine.
there are signs that pathogens will be slow to evolve resistance to it. Today in Nature, a team led by Kim Lewis of Northeastern University in Boston,
and a host of other pathogens in cell cultures. If the compound behaves similarly in people
and so makes it easier to discover bacteria that naturally produce compounds deadly to other pathogens. he technology is very cool,
In 2014, the World health organization declared that the post-antibiotic era a time in which people could die from ordinary infections
and minor injuries could begin this century. MRSA has spread from hospitals into the community
and in 2013, there were 480,000 new cases of multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis worldwide, a condition that requires treatment with increasingly toxic drugs.
Treasure hunt Many of the most successful antibiotics were found in the mid-twentieth century by scientists who trawled microbial communities for bacteria capable of killing their brethren.
Lewis is excited about teixobactin mainly because of the indication that it will be difficult for pathogens to develop resistance against it.
It is impossible to say how well the results will hold up in the clinic, but teixobactin shows promise,
Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which causes tuberculosis, was among the bacteria that teixobactin killed. But medical microbiologist Timothy Walsh of Cardiff University, UK, urges caution because the drug has been tested against only a small number of lab strains.
It will be important to repeat those assays in dozens, if not hundreds, of strains more recently isolated from patients,
and includes deadly pathogens such as Klebsiella pneumoniae, which has evolved resistance to all known antibiotics. Walsh, however, is hopeful that the ichip technique will yield new solutions to the Gram-negative problem. t could be that these ichip systems will grow bacteria that can actually produce new drugs to take out the very resistant and very pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria.
On top of brainwave monitoring, Jaguar land rover is also assessing how a vehicle could monitor the well-being of the driver using a medical-grade sensor embedded in the seat of a JAGUAR XJ.
which was developed originally for use in hospitals, has been adapted for in-car use and detects vibrations from the driver heart beat and breathing. s we develop more autonomous driving technologies,
not only detect the onset of sudden and serious illness that may incapacitate the driver, but also allow the car to monitor driver stress levels.
This would then allow the car to help reduce stress, for example by changing mood lighting, audio settings and climate control.
JLR also has a redictive Infotainment Screenprototype that uses cameras embedded in the car to track the driver hand movements
Paralyzed from the neck down after suffering a gunshot wound when he was 21, Erik G. Sorto now can move a robotic arm just by thinking about it
Through a clinical collaboration between Caltech, Keck Medicine of USC and Rancho Los Amigos National Rehabilitation Center, the now 34-year-old Sorto is the first person in the world to have a neural
the motor cortex, can allow patients with paralysis to control the movement of a robotic limb.
the clinical trial was led by principal investigator Richard Andersen, the James G. Boswell Professor of Neuroscience at Caltech, neurosurgeon Charles Y. Liu, professor of neurological surgery, neurology,
and neurologist Mindy Aisen, chief medical officer at Rancho Los Amigos. Andersen and his colleagues wanted to improve the versatility of movement that a neuroprosthetic can offer to patients by recording signals from a different brain region other than the motor cortex, i e.,
The device was implanted surgically in Sorto brain at Keck Hospital of USC in April 2013
The Surgery The surgical team at Keck Medicine of USC performed the unprecedented neuroprosthetic implant in a five-hour surgery on April 17, 2013.
and associate chief medical officer at Rancho Los Amigos. ecause it was the first time anyone had implanted this part of the human brain,
everything about the surgery was different: the location, the positioning and how you manage the hardware.
which is determined largely at the time of surgery. The USC Neurorestoration Center primary mission is to leverage partnerships to create unique opportunities to translate scientific discoveries into effective therapies. e are at a point in human research where we are making huge strides in overcoming a lot of neurologic disease,
says neurologist Christianne Heck, associate professor of neurology at USC and co-director of the USC Neurorestoration Center. hese very important early clinical trials could provide hope for patients with all sorts of neurologic problems
that involve paralysis such as stroke, brain injury, ALS and even multiple sclerosis. The Rehabilitation Sixteen days after his implant surgery, Sorto began his training sessions at Rancho Los Amigos National Rehabilitation Center,
where a computer was attached directly to the ports extending from his skull, to communicate with his brain.
The rehabilitation team of occupational therapists who specialize in helping patients adapt to loss of function in their upper limbs
and edesignthe way patients do tasks with the function they have left, worked with Sorto
and the Caltech team daily to help Sorto visualize what it would be like to move his arm again. t was a big surprise that the patient was able to control the limb on day one he very first day he tried,
Aisen, the chief medical officer at Rancho Los Amigos who led the study rehabilitation team, says that advancements in prosthetics like these hold promise for the future of patient rehabilitation. e at Rancho are dedicated to advancing rehabilitation and to restoration of neurologic function through new technologies,
which can be assistive or can promote recovery by capitalizing on the innate plasticity of the human nervous system,
also a clinical professor of neurology at the Keck School of medicine of USC. his research is relevant to the role of robotics and brain-machine interfaces as assistive devices,
We have created a unique environment that can seamlessly bring together rehabilitation, medicine, and science as exemplified in this study.
developed at the Applied Physics laboratory at Johns Hopkins. Sorto was recruited to the trial by collaborators at Rancho Los Amigos National Rehabilitation Center and at Keck Medicine of USC.
Keck Medicine of USC team members include Brian Lee, Christianne Heck, Sandra Oviedo, Paul Kim,
and treatment of neurological diseases ranging from autism to Alzheimer disease to multiple sclerosis. nstead of asking,
hy do multiple sclerosis patients have the immune attacks? now we can approach this mechanistically. Because the brain is like every other tissue connected to the peripheral immune system through meningeal lymphatic vessels,
Alzheimer, Autism, MS and Beyond The unexpected presence of the lymphatic vessels raises a tremendous number of questions that now need answers, both about the workings of the brain and the diseases that plague it.
For example, take Alzheimer disease. n Alzheimer, there are accumulations of big protein chunks in the brain,
And there an enormous array of other neurological diseases, from autism to multiple sclerosis, that must be reconsidered in light of the presence of something science insisted did not exist u
The achievement brings scientists a step closer to growing the most complex component of the eyehe eye neural tissuend could enable doctors to repair damaged eyes with lab-grown retinal tissue.
and his colleagues could one day be used to culture tissue that can be transplanted into a human retina damaged by conditions such as macular degeneration and retinitis pigmentosa,
which lead to blindness. he protocol developed here allows us to generate retinal tissue that closely resembles the biological retina with high efficiency and stability,
#Disruption of Delicate Chemical Balance Implicated as a Cause of Schizophrenia Scientists produce strongest evidence yet of schizophrenia causes.
what causes schizophrenia a condition that affects around 1%of the global population. Published today in the journal Neuron,
the team found that disease-linked mutations disrupt specific sets of genes contributing to excitatory and inhibitory signalling, the balance
published last year in the journal Nature. ee finally starting to understand what goes wrong in schizophrenia,
says lead author Dr Andrew Pocklington from Cardiff University MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics. ur study marks a significant step towards understanding the biology underpinning schizophrenia,
which is an incredibly complex condition and has up until very recently kept scientists largely mystified as to its origins. e now have
what we hope is a pretty sizeable piece of the jigsaw puzzle that will help us develop a coherent model of the disease,
while helping us to rule out some of the alternatives. reliable model of disease is needed urgently to direct future efforts in
Professor Hugh Perry, who chairs the Medical Research Council Neuroscience and Mental health Board said: his work builds on our understanding of the genetic causes of schizophrenia unravelling how a combination of genetic faults can disrupt the chemical balance of the brain. cientists in the UK,
as part of an international consortium, are uncovering the genetic causes of a range of mental health issues, such as schizophrenia. n the future,
this work could lead to new ways of predicting an individual risk of developing schizophrenia
and form the basis of new targeted treatments that are based on an individual genetic makeup.
Researchers studying psychiatric disorders have suspected previously that disruption of this balance contributes to schizophrenia. The first evidence that schizophrenia mutations interfere with excitatory signalling was uncovered in 2011 by the same team,
based at Cardiff University MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics. This paper not only confirms their previous findings,
but also provides the first strong genetic evidence that disruption of inhibitory signalling contributes to the disorder.
To reach their conclusions scientists compared the genetic data of 11,355 patients with schizophrenia against a control group of 16,416 people without the condition.
Comparing the CNVS found in people with schizophrenia to those found in unaffected people the team was able to show that the mutations in individuals with the disorder tended to disrupt genes involved in specific aspects of brain function.
The disease-causing effects of CNVS are suspected also to be involved in other neurodevelopmental disorders such as intellectual disability, Autism Spectrum Disorder and ADHD.
Around 635,000 people in the UK will at some stage in their lives be affected by schizophrenia.
The estimated cost of schizophrenia and psychosis to society is around £11. 8 billion a year.
The symptoms of schizophrenia can be extremely disruptive, and have a large impact on a person ability to carry out everyday tasks,
#Deficiency of Specific Protein in Brain Blood vessels Increases Risk for Alzheimer Disease New study finds that PICALM protein regulates removal of toxic plaques from brain.
which could be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of Alzheimer disease. In a study that appeared in a recent edition of Nature Neuroscience,
which is known a genetic risk factor for Alzheimer disease. Alzheimer is the most common type of dementia
characterized by the loss of memory and other mental abilities linked to an accumulation of amyloid-beta and other toxic compounds in the brain.
disable amyloid-beta from being cleared out of the brain across a region known as the blood-brain barrier. here have been many new genes discovered to be associated with Alzheimer disease,
director of the Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute and holder of the Mary Hayley and Selim Zilkha chair for Alzheimer Disease research at the Keck School of medicine. ur new study shows that a deficiency in PICALM in blood vessels
and its variants associated with increased risk for the disease inactivate amyloid-beta clearance from the brain,
and brings to light novel potential therapeutic targets for increasing amyloid-beta clearance in Alzheimer disease.
Autopsies from Alzheimer patients and recent research in experimental models have shown the importance of brain blood vessels in the disease initiation and progression.
Zlokovic and his research team have studied the cellular and molecular mechanisms of brain blood vessels that maintain normal cognition with hopes of developing new treatments for Alzheimer and other neurodegenerative diseases.
By performing a neuropathological study in humans with Alzheimer and using transgenic animals to model the disease,
the group found that low levels of PICALM in brain endothelial cells lead to amyloid-beta accumulation in the brain.
Genetic variants associated with the PICALM gene have been shown to increase the risk of Alzheimer disease.
The team also will work on developing therapeutic strategies, including gene therapy, and screening for new drugs to overcome PICALM deficiency e
and Age Related Neurodegeneration The process that allows our brains to learn and generate new memories also leads to degeneration as we age, according to a new study by researchers at MIT.
could ultimately help researchers develop new approaches to preventing cognitive decline in disorders such as Alzheimer disease.
In previous research into Alzheimer disease in mice, the researchers found that even in the presymptomatic phase of the disorder,
neurons in the hippocampal region of the brain contain a large number of DNA lesions, known as double strand breaks.
even though conventional wisdom dictates that DNA lesions are very bad as this amagecan be mutagenic
and sometimes lead to cancer it turns out that these breaks are part of the physiological function of the cell,
a professor of genetics and neurology at Harvard Medical school who was involved not in the research. he work elegantly links DNA strand break formation by the enzyme topoisomerase IIß to the temporal control of transcription,
he says. anticipate that this advance will have broad implications ranging from the basic biology of transcription to pathological mechanisms involved in diseases such as Alzheimer disease
and schizophrenia resist complete reprogramming. A team of researchers led by the University of Cambridge has described for the first time in humans how the epigenome the suite of molecules attached to our DNA that switch our genes on
and schizophrenia resist complete reprogramming. Although our genetic information the ode of lifeis written in our DNA,
Professor Azim Surani from the Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute at the University of Cambridge, explains:
However, data analysis of human diseases suggests that such genes are associated with conditions such as schizophrenia, metabolic disorders and obesity.
and epigenetic reprogramming that subsequently impacts human development and disease. Unique Gene Regulatory Network Resets the Human Germline Epigenome for Developmentby Walfred W c. Tang
Aix-Marseille and the German Mouse Clinic teamed up to investigate the initiation process of dendritic spines.
In many central nervous system diseases, the dendritic spine density is altered. nderstanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the initiation process of dendritic spines enables us to manipulate their initiation rate and density.
this knowledge can be helpful in the development of therapeutic interventions for neurological diseases underlined by altered dendritic spine density, such as autism spectrum disorder, Schizophrenia or Alzheimer's disease.
#Injectable Device Delivers a Nano-View of the Brain Promise against disease in electronic scaffolds.
and treat everything from neurodegenerative disorders to paralysis. Sounds unlikely, until you visit Charles Lieber lab. Led by Lieber, the Mark Hyman Jr.
ould it be possible to deliver the mesh electronics by syringe needle injection??Though not the first attempt at implanting electronics into the brain deep brain stimulation has been used to treat a variety of disorders for decades the nanofabricated scaffolds operate on a completely different scale. xisting techniques are crude relative to the way the brain is wired,
and administered like any other injection. The input-output of the mesh can then be connected to standard measurement electronics
or record neural activity. hese type of things have never been done before, from both a fundamental neuroscience and medical perspective,
also known as Lou Gehrig disease, has been discovered by scientists at the CHUM Research Centre and the University of Montreal.
The finding paves the way to a whole new approach for finding a drug that can cure
or at least slow the progression of such neurodegenerative diseases as ALS, Alzheimer, Parkinson and Huntington diseases.
and trigger the disease, said Alex Parker, CRCHUM researcher and associate professor in the Department of Neuroscience at the University of Montreal.
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a neuromuscular disease that attacks neurons and the spinal cord. Those affected gradually become paralyzed and typically die less than five years after the onset of symptoms.
the person develops the disease. Scientists introduced a mutated human gene (TDP-43 or FUS) into C. elegans,
and suffered far less paralysis, she added. This study highlights a never previously suspected mechanism:
that system triggers a misguided attack against the worm own neurons. he worm thinks it has a viral or bacterial infection and launches an immune response.
This makes the TIR-1 protein (or SARM1 in humans) an excellent therapeutic target for development of a medication.
because we caused the disease. This allows us to administer treatment very early in the worm life.
But ALS is a disease of aging, which usually appears in humans around the age of 55.
But we have demonstrated clearly that blocking this key protein curbs the disease progress in this worm
10.1038/ncomms8319abstractneurodegeneration in C. elegans models of ALS requires TIR-1/Sarm1 immune pathway activation in neuronsamyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease thought to employ cell nonautonomous
mechanisms where neuronal injury engages immune responses to influence disease progression. Here we show that the expression of mutant proteins causative for ALS in Caenorhabditis elegans motor neurons induces an innate immune response via TIR-1/Sarm1.
recruiting a pathogen resistance response that is ultimately harmful and drives progressive neurodegeneration. eurodegeneration in C. elegans models of ALS requires TIR-1/Sarm1 immune pathway activation in neuronsby Julie Vérièpe, Lucresse Fossouo and J Alex
Parker in Nature Communications. Published online June 10 2015 doi: 10.1038/ncomms831 o
#Imaging Technique Provides Color Coded Map Showing Cancerous Brain areas New imaging technique could make brain tumor removal safer and more effective,
study suggests. Brain surgery is famously difficult for good reason: When removing a tumor, for example, neurosurgeons walk a tightrope as they try to take out as much of the cancer as possible
while keeping crucial brain tissue intact and visually distinguishing the two is often impossible. Now Johns Hopkins researchers report they have developed an imaging technology that could provide surgeons with a color-coded map of a patient brain showing
which areas are and are not cancer. A summary of the research appears June 17 in Science Translational Medicine. s a neurosurgeon,
I in agony when I taking out a tumor. If I take out too little the cancer could come back;
too much, and the patient can be disabled permanently, says Alfredo Quinones-Hinojosa, M d.,a professor of neurosurgery,
neuroscience and oncology at the Johns hopkins university School of medicine and the clinical leader of the research team. e think optical coherence tomography has strong potential for helping surgeons know exactly where to cut.
First developed in the early 1990s for imaging the retina, optical coherence tomography (OCT) operates on the same echolocation principle used by bats and ultrasound scanners,
but it uses light rather than sound waves, yielding a higher-resolution image than does ultrasound.
One unique feature of OCT is that unlike X-ray, CT SCANS or PET scans, it delivers no ionizing radiation to patients.
For the past decade, research groups around the globe, including a group at Johns Hopkins led by Xingde Li, Ph d,
. a professor of biomedical engineering, has been working to further develop and apply the technology to other organs beyond the relatively transparent eye.
thought OCT might provide a solution to the problem of separating brain cancers from other tissue during surgery.
Kut first built on the idea that cancers tend to be relatively dense, which affects how they scatter
Once they had found the characteristic OCT ignatureof brain cancer, the team devised a computer algorithm to process OCT data and,
nearly instantaneously, generate a color-coded map with cancer in red and healthy tissue in green. e envision that the OCT would be aimed at the area being operated on,
and the surgeon could look at a screen to get a continuously updated picture of where the cancer is
the team has tested the system on fresh human brain tissue removed during surgeries and in surgeries to remove brain tumors from mice.
The researchers hope to begin clinical trials in patients this summer. If those trials are successful
it will be a big step up from imaging technologies now available during surgeries, says Quinones-Hinojosa. ltrasound has a much lower resolution than OCT,
The system can potentially be adapted to detect cancers in other parts of the body, Kut says.
She is working on combining OCT with a different imaging technique that would detect blood vessels to help surgeons avoid cutting them s
In practice, carers and therapists take advantage of this phenomenon to stimulate their patients with music. It is often possible for music to reactivate memories, emotions and impressions.
In the process, they considered three important features of the disease: loss of neurons, reduced metabolism and deposition of amyloid protein in the affected brain areas.
but does not lead to the deficits otherwise associated with advanced stages of the disease.
It can therefore remain largely intact even in advanced stages of the disease. ur findings also lend support to a theory previously proposed in connection with other studies that found stronger network connections between the anterior gyrus cinguli and other nodes
This suggests that this area of the brain also provides specific compensatory functions as the disease progresses,
a sound understanding of the complex relationships could lead to a real therapeutic benefit of music in patient care,
For someone suffering from paralysis or limited mobility, visiting with other people is extremely difficult.
was able to interact with whoever the robot crossed paths with. ach of the 9 subjects with disabilities managed to remotely control the robot with ease after less than 10 days of training,
The TOBI project, funded by the European commission, aims at developing brain-machine interfaces for people with disabilities to control telepresence robots or a wheelchair using only mental commands.
Will robots soon become a fact of daily life for people suffering from a disability?
10.1016/j. bios. 2015.04. 058abstractan organic electronic biomimetic neuron enables auto-regulated neuromodulationcurrent therapies for neurological disorders are based on traditional medication and electric stimulation.
The results demonstrate the potential of the organic electronic biomimetic neuron in therapies involving long-range neuronal signalling by mimicking the function of projection neurons.
and active prosthetics. se of Brain MRI Atlases to Determine Boundaries Of age-Related Pathology: The Importance of Statistical Methodby David Alexander Dickie, Dominic E. Job, David Rodriguez Gonzalez, Susan D. Shenkin,
how we develop the next generation of medications for chronic painhich is by far the most prevalent human health conditionnd the way we execute basic biomedical research using mice. esearch has demonstrated that men
The research was conducted by teams from Mcgill University, The Hospital for Sick Children (Sickkids), and Duke university,
and looked at the longstanding theory that pain is transmitted from the site of injury or inflammation through the nervous system using an immune system cell called microglia.
said Michael Salter, M d.,Ph d.,Head and Senior Scientist, Neuroscience & Mental health at Sickkids and Professor at The University of Toronto,
The discovery comes as there is increased attention to the inclusion of female animals and cells in preclinical research.
and cell lines in preclinical research . or the past 15 years scientists have thought that microglia controlled the volume knob on pain,
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