and for drug testing, as artificial tissue grown on them would respond realistically. And they could help scientists learn more about how cells in the body respond to different stimuli
on the other hand, is a relatively noninvasive device that is simply swallowed like a large pill and then remotely guided around inside the patient's stomach by a doctor.
virtually designing a new drug by choosing among quadrillions of possible combinations, or simulating the behavior of every single atom in your right toe.
virtually designing a new drug by choosing among quadrillions of possible combinations, or simulating the behavior of every single atom in your right toe.
and braces capable of destroying bacteria using a special type of antimicrobial resin. To create the resin
the researchers combined antibacterial ammonium salts with standard dental resins. The resultant mixture was hardened then using ultraviolet light and put inside a 3d printer to print samples of replacement teeth.
To test the antibacterial capacity of the resin the researchers applied a mixture of saliva
Typically a toxic shampoo or lotion has to first be applied to the sufferer's scalp, after
A five-year study at the University of California at Los angeles found that coupling chemotherapy with an experimental drug called Birinapant greatly improved survivability in laboratory tissue.
a mobile health medication inquiry system (MIS) has been proven to not only reduce errors but also bolster adherence.
"Researchers see MIS as an ideal means of reducing medication errors and boosting patient engagement through home health monitoring.
Indeed, the so-called"patient-centered medication safeguard"could be a valuable tool for providers who deal with the millions of patients who take multiple medications each day to manage conditions such as high blood pressure, asthma, COPD, heart disease and diabetes.
found few errors in the use of MIS among patients with chronic kidney disease checking the safety of their medications."
"The majority of participants found the application easy to use and helpful in avoiding the use of harmful medications,
"Ultimately, such a medication management protocol delivered through text or instant message may be the patient engagement tool that doctors need to help people with chronic conditions take care of themselves at home.
"So now we have the basis of what we might try to develop from here. m
and the drugs that are available can have unwanted side effects, such as shakiness, weight gain and decreased libido.
and vegetables and drug use. These are drawn from 79 biological, behavioural, environmental and occupational factors.
or where drug use was a greater problem in the southwest, southeast and the east of England than elsewhere.
romidepsin-a drug currently being used to treat cancer-to be the most potent, and thus successful, inhibitor trialled so far.
because it shows the effects of a more potent drug, which can activate or kick the virus out of hiding,
Researchers also found romidepsin coaxed the virus out of its reservoir without suppressing the body broader immune response. here been some concern that these drugs will suppress an immune response to the virus
#Drug Treats Protein That May Cause Alzheimer's disease The drug salsalate has been found to prevent and even reverse the development of tau protein tangles in mice with a condition similar to Alzheimer's disease.
Drugs with promise have been identified but progress has been slowed in part by debates over the disease's main culprit.
Currently, available drugs treat the symptoms but not the causes, and have limited benefits. Potential medications at different stages of development exist.
Most of these target the amyloid plaques raising little hope among those who favor the tau theory.
Gan sought a drug that would prevent acetylization from occurring.""We identified for the first time a pharmacological approach that reverses all aspects of tau toxicity,
However, these have been assessed as low enough to justify the drug's use against pain from both osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis
The startup behind the idea compares it to drug delivery in pharmaceuticals. rug delivery allows you to take less of an active material
People with unexplained fevers are prescribed also often antibiotics if a virus can be detected. Wylie says Virocap could potentially cut down on the overuse of antibiotics.
With modifications of the test researchers could also begin to look for drug-resistant mutations, and mutations in regions that would indicate
whether a vaccine would or would not be as effective. It may also help researchers understand why some people carry around viruses asymptomatically. e found on average that people carried about 5. 5 different viral genera that could cause disease in certain people,
#FDA approves first 3d printed drug Aprecia Pharmaceuticals owns Spritam (levetiracetam), a solid oral pill to treat epileptic seizures.
The drug is manufactured using a three-dimensional printer which creates a porous formulation that helps bioavailability and patient uptake,
The 3d printer lets the company create a pill with a high drug load up to 1, 000mg of levetiracetam, in a single dose.
This allows patients to take the largest strengths of the drug ith just a sip of liquid, helping children,
and it will soon be applied to other drugs. his is the first in a line of central nervous system products Aprecia plans to introduce as part of our commitment to transform the way patients experience taking medication,
The oral drug delivery market was worth over $64bn last year, according to Frost & Sullivan.
but this is the first FDA approval of a drug product. Aprecia formulation platform, which it calls Zipdose technology,
and says it has exclusive rights to pharmaceutical applications of the technology. Prasco Laboratories and its parent company, Scion Companies, have a controlling interest in Aprecia r
Translation is keyhis team saw translation as key to their strategy. ften macromolecular drugs are very hard to translate
The new drug was developed by Queens University Belfast, UK, and its efficacy in sepsis models was shown in collaboration with Trinity college Dublin, Ireland t
#Doctors can now put drugs straight into brains Doctors can now inject drugs straight into people brains,
and has proven a stumbling block for doctorsaim to get drugs straight to where they are needed.
because the impact of the drugs would be so much more immediate and powerful if it went straight into the brain.
They are special drugs based on protein and grown in a lab. Those drugs can eventually be used to treat brain diseases, doctors hope,
which are likely to become more prevalent as the population ages. The discovery has already been tested on animals, through a noninvasive procedure that put the molecules into rats.
could lead to improved drug testing Fingerprints carry a marker of cocaine use, scientists have claimed,
in a discovery that they hope will create a new and much easier form of drug testing.
Chemical indicators that come out of the breakdown of the drug are carried on fingerprints, researchers at the University of Sussex say.
Rumours of a possible partnership that would see Apple using the body of BMW's'i'vehicles as the basis for an Apple Car
there is no proven drug therapy for treating losses in episodic memory, which has led scientists to find ways of training the brain through computer-based games. e need a way of treating the cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia, such as problems with episodic memory,
but slow progress is being made towards developing a drug treatment, Professor Sahakian said. o this proof-of-concept study is important
because it demonstrates that the memory game can help where drugs have failed so far. Because the game is interesting
used in conjunction with medication and current psychological therapies, this could help people with schizophrenia minimise the impact of their illness on everyday life. i
and relatively noninvasive solution that could improve cancer diagnosis. Developed to be swallowed just like a large pill (it is a bit bigger than a small coin),
#The Rising Costs of Prescription drugs The health care industry is trapped between serving its patients and enabling pharmaceutical innovation.
while a 62-year-old drug that is the standard of care for life-threatening infectious diseases experienced a 5, 000 percent overnight increase.
Rodelis Therapeutics acquired the rights to TB drug cycloserine in August, and subsequently raised the price from $500 for 30 capsules to $10,
The day after the price hike, Rodelis agreed to return the drug patent to its former owner, the nonprofit Chao Center for Industrial Pharmacy and Contract Manufacturing,
as the drug has cost the Chao Center roughly $10 million since it acquired its rights in 2007.
Turing Pharmaceuticals, a start-up run by a former hedge fund manager, acquired the infectious disease drug Daraprim in August.
Turing CEO Martin Shkreli announced the company had agreed to lower the price of the drug to a point that is ore affordable,
Turing price hike on an old drug is indicative of a growing business trend in pharma where new companies buy old,
generic drugs that are mainstays of rare treatments and turn them into high-priced specialty drugs.
In Turing case, the company switched from selling the drug in drugstores to tightly controlled distribution,
making it harder for generic competitors to get access to the drug. Another strategy companies can employllegallys market manipulation.
in August, the Federal trade commission (FTC) ruled that Concordia Pharmaceuticals and Par pharmaceutical colluded to raise the price of generic Kapvay, a medication for ADHD.
According to the FTC, Concordia agreed to stay out of the market for Kapvay in return for a share of Par revenue.
and manufacturing a drug. Multiple studies in the past few years have concluded that only one-third of prescription drugs make a profit for the developing company.
And those drugs are often ones for popular non-life threatening issues (think Viagra) rather than common illnesses like high blood pressure and asthma.
The pharmaceutical industry seems to be caught between a rock and a hard placeetween serving its patients
The effect on generic drugs Generic drugs are intended to serve as the national policy solution to high prescription drug prices.
Traditionally, when a generic enters the field, drug prices decrease by 80 to 90 percent for oral prescriptions.
For specialty infused/injected drugs, prices usually decrease about 60 to 80 percent. In the last five years
The cost of medications for asthma, high blood pressure and diabetes went up more than 10 percent each,
making them among the drugs that saw the highest increase last year. And given that six of every seven prescriptions filled in the U s. is for generic medications
the price increases are especially harmful. From 2012 to 2013, the cost of the generic blood pressure medication Captopril climbed more than 2, 700 percent,
the asthma drug Albuterol sulfate went up more than 3, 400 percent and the antibiotic Coxycycline jumped 6, 300 percent.
One out of four people whose prescription drug costs went up said they were unable to pay their medical or medication bills, according to the survey by Consumer Reports.
Seven percent said they missed a mortgage payment, one out of four stopped getting their prescriptions filled
and one out of five skipped scheduled doses. For generic drugs, experts place the price blame on aging production facilities, shortages of ingredients and, most importantly, competition.
Drugs in the generic specialty (infused/injected) market can require more specialized equipment and knowledge to satisfy regulatory processes.
According to Rena Conti, Asst. Professor of Hematology/Oncology at the University of Chicago, there are just not enough players in the generic specialty drug market that have the capability to manufacture these drugs.
On top of that, due to an abundance of mergers and acquisitions in the past 15 years, the generic specialty drug market is essentially a monopoly
or oligarchy. e need more generic manufacturers to be willing to make older infused/injected drugs
because the more entry we have into the generic specialty drug market, the more we can expect price cuts,
Conti explained to Laboratory Equipment. etting two or three manufacturers willing to manufacture these drugs in sizable quantities would naturally break the monopoly
and bring prices down. Not only have mergers and acquisitions reduced the number of companies in the market,
While there may be multiple labels for one drug, there is actually only one manufacturer contract manufacturer that is making the drug for everyone to slap their own label on. e know this is an issue because of drug shortages,
said Conti. hortages appear to be linked to drugs that have very tight ties to contract manufacturing.
Drug shortages not only affect customers and prices but also R&d. If the drug in question is the backbone of a specific therapy,
laboratories need increased access to confirm efficacy and carry out additional analysis. Often, these drugs act as the comparative drugs in clinical trials.
Another drug for the specific ailment cannot be produced without first evaluating its effectiveness in a clinical trial,
which can prove difficult without access to the current gold standard. Conti and her team studied the launch price of new oncology drugs from 1996 to 2012.
They concluded that approximately one-fourth to one-third of price increases were related to the quality of drugs becoming better.
As for the rest of the price inflation it a tale as old as time. here is this natural ecology of price where the market appears to be signaling they are willing to pay higher prices,
companies know they can price their drug higher than previous years just because the ambient mood for process has changed,
Drugs receive a 20-year patent life from the date of filing on the first molecule.
While it varies by drug, in some cases manufacturers only have eight to nine years of patent protection left by time the drug finally enters the market.
Given the expense of R&d, that may not be enough time for manufacturers to recoup their costs.
not making it shorter. atent protection is one of the ways government facilitates innovation in drugs,
and market the drug and the original manufacturer would never recoup the costs. A situation like that can only lead to one thingnvestors dropping out of pharma
if they are proven once theye gone head to head with other drugs out there,
because they are the best medication to serve the population or illness. They will get the premium from that so they don have to gauge consumers.
and increase interest in developing biologic drugs, Holroyd told Laboratory Equipment. hat is an area where there is limited competition even
when the drug if off patent because biosimilar pathways are still at an early stage.
Now, however, it has fallen under scrutiny as drug prices continue to rise across the nation. The big deal with Medicare Part D is this:
Most other countries give the government direct saynd most other countries have significantly lower drug prices than the U s. So,
The drug program which covers 37 million seniors, has come in $350 billion under budget with a 90 percent satisfaction rating.
pharmaceutical companies could be left off drug formularies, denying seniors access to many medicines, said Thrope. nd,
there were 18 Alzheimer drugs in development. Now, there are 82. Additionally, the number of diabetes drugs in development jumped from 34 to 142,
and 29 arthritis drugs in the pipeline became 92. Thorpe insists that prescription drugs are not just about price. he most useful way to look at
The difference between the U s. and other OCED nations is sizehe U s. is responsible for approximately 50 percent of total drug spend in the world.
said Conti. efore drugs get produced, the payers say es we want themand we will pay the high costs for R&d.
and say ow we want the lowest price possible for this drug and as your majority purchaser,
but for a different reason than other experts. f we can pay for drugs without putting the burden on our children
and grandchildren, should we be spending the money right now on pharmaceuticals? Or should we wait for them to be developed more slowly?
We believe our design idea could also be applied to other compounds such as terpenoids and alkaloids,
We believe our design idea could also be applied to other compounds such as terpenoids and alkaloids,
particularly for patients who take anticoagulant drugs to thin their blood.""It's interesting that you can take something so deadly
It has also been used as a diagnostic tool to determine blood-clotting time in the presence of heparin, an anticoagulant drug."
They say the mini-kidneys offer a ways to develop and test drugs for kidney disease.
and Women Hospital in Boston and is now an assistant professor of medicine in the nephrology division at the University of Washington. nswering this question was important for understanding the potential of mini-kidneys for clinical kidney regeneration and drug discovery.
better ways to perform linical trials in a dishto test drugs and therapies that might work in humans.
and antimicrobial bioactive films can improve product shelf life and safety, she said. otato peels have high phenolic content, a natural compound for plant protection,
elongation, and antioxidant and antimicrobial activity. Saldaña team has obtained already an international Patent Cooperation Treaty application for the processing method
Currently, the team is testing antimicrobial activity. The next step is to test the films on packaging of ready-to-eat meat.
there a maximum amount of antioxidants/antimicrobials that the film can hold, but with nanoparticles, more could be added
provides he ability to pick the best heat-transfer profile on an as needed basis, rather than having to pick a single type of nucleation behavior that allows margins for the most extreme heating that is ever expected for a given device. his allows you to pick the optimum rate of heat transfer moment by moment,
#Model Could Predict Drug's Side effects Researchers at the University of California, San diego have developed a model that could be used to predict a drug's side effects on different patients.
The proof of concept study is aimed at determining how different individuals will respond to a drug treatment
and could help assess whether a drug is suitable for a particular patient based on measurements taken from the patient's blood."
"We're not just interested in predicting the efficacy of a drug, but its side effects as well,"said Bernhard Palsson, the Galetti Professor of Bioengineering at the Jacobs School of engineering at UC San diego."
"Side effects are personalized very. Two different people can take the same drug, but one person might experience side effects
while the other doesn't."Palsson and his team published their new study in the journal Cell Systems."
"There needs to be a good way to obtain data about a drug's side effects before exposing a lot of people to the drug.
Researchers said that this predictive model would be extremely useful for pharmaceutical companies during the drug development stage.
For example, pharmaceutical companies could conduct predictive screenings for drugs before clinical trials and determine which groups of patients would experience side effects and
which ones wouldn't. The model predicts how variations in different people's genes impact how they metabolize a drug.
Researchers used data from different people's genotypes and metabolism to build personalized models that simulate how a drug will affect a particular set of cells in the body."
In this study, researchers focused on modeling drug side effects on red blood cells. Palsson and his team were interested in red blood cells
Also, the red blood cell provides a simple platform for researchers to find health markers that are related to a drug's side effects.
a drug used to treat hepatitis C, while other individuals did not. A side effect of ribavirin is that it causes anemia--a condition characterized by a decrease in red blood cell levels--in approximately 8 to 10 percent of patients."
and predict what will potentially happen to any particular patient on this drug over time,
because the liver is where the majority of drugs are metabolized and where many drug side effects are manifested d
#Paging'CSI':'Microbiome analysis may be the new fingerprint In forensic science, fingerprints and DNA are beginning to look old-school.
On average as many as 30%of individuals could be pinpointed on the basis of their microbiotic samples.
with some caveats The Food and Drug Administration proposed new rules Tuesday that would allow gay and bisexual men to donate blood in the U s. for the first time in decades.
Advances in bioengineering had allowed scientists to understand the complex processes within the poppy plant that convert sugar to morphine,
Smolke said she saw pharmaceutical production as a key challenge for her field.""I was in awe of the molecules that plants make.
the way poppy crops are--allowing millions of people around the world who do not have sufficient access to painkilling drugs to get the medications they need.
It could also open the door to development of better medications. But there were technical problems to overcome.
One was that scientists hadn't figured out all of the steps involved in making morphine from glucose within the poppy plant--in particular
which is a drug and a major component in Vicodin. Smolke said the purpose of producing hydrocodone was to show that yeast can be engineered to create a compound that a plant doesn't have the cellular machinery to produce.
praised the researchers for stopping short of producing heroin and morphine, in their experiments. While noting that the work will need still refinement before it becomes a public health threat,
he marveled at how quickly developments had been unfolding in bioengineering--for morphine synthesis and other applications that would require policymakers to sit down with scientists
"This is not'the exercise pill, '"said Dow, a postdoctoral fellow at Colorado who conducts research on nutrition and vascular biology.
because any given drug or drug combination does not work the same for all patients.
The device can be used to inject multiple drugs into tumors that are close to the surface of a person's skin.
First, the needles are loaded with drugs, pressed into the tumor and then withdrawn, with each needle leaving behind a columnlike trail of a drug that spans the full depth of the tumor.
and examine the cells to see the effect of each drug whether it killed the tumor cells,
whether a certain drug or set of drugs will be more effective.""Ordinarily, when I write a prescription,
if the cancer is resistant"to the drug that's being prescribed, said Dr. James Olson,
The device could also be a boon to drug development, as it allows for controlled experiments that don't require flooding a patient's system with experimental chemotherapy drugs,
Each tube can contain a different drug, and the device can carry up to 30 drugs, according to the researchers'report,
also published today in Science Translational Medicine. Unlike CIVO the cylinder is designed to be implanted into the tumor,
and then diffusion allows the drugs to move from the tubes into the surrounding cancerous tissue.
to see which drugs worked better or which ones didn't work at all.""It's a way to predict
whether the patient will respond to the drug or not,"said Robert Langer, a professor of bioengineering and chemical engineering at MIT who is one of the senior authors on the report.
Olson said the ability to test out drugs using such devices could make chemotherapy more comfortable for patients
whether certain drugs will work for a given patient. That would make it less likely that patients would have to endure ineffective chemo treatments with all of their associated side effects
Even knowing that no drug will help a patient could be a good thing, he said,
"Some drugs make patients sick, "he said.""It would be great if we could do nothing more than prevent that."
or daily medications may not be able to access them.""You're going to have a lot of secondary spikes in illness,
they often needed drugs to keep them sedated and prevent them from moving. They all had placed breathing tubes in their necks,
They no longer need sedatives, narcotics or paralytics to keep them breathing.""Holidays are spent not in the hospital anymore,
causing some people to speculate that a drug based on the hormone could be used as a treatment for obesity.
Doctors have only one antibiotic that can treat people with E. histolytica infections, and they fear the parasite will soon develop resistance to it.
in order to understand which genes make a drug less or more effective in killing the cancer.
Petri merely substituted E. histolytica for a drug. The scientists found, to their surprise, that silencing the genes that normally let potassium flow out of the cell could keep the cells alive.
Drugs that do the same thing might be used to slow the damage caused by E. histolytica
The sole antibiotic that is effective in killing E. histolytica is metronidazole, which many patients find hard to tolerate, because of its side effects.
"The challenge with developing drugs that target ion channels"such as potassium channels is that these channels are found all over the body,
"In 2012, other scientists discovered that the rheumatoid arthritis drug auranofin was as effective as metronidazole in killing E. histolytica in laboratory samples.
Doctors have only one antibiotic that can treat people with E. histolytica infections, and they fear the parasite will soon develop resistance to it.
in order to understand which genes make a drug less or more effective in killing the cancer.
The 10 Most Diabolical and Disgusting Parasites Petri merely substituted E. histolytica for a drug.
Drugs that do the same thing might be used to slow the damage caused by E. histolytica
The sole antibiotic that is effective in killing E. histolytica is metronidazole, which many patients find hard to tolerate, because of its side effects.
"The challenge with developing drugs that target ion channels"such as potassium channels is that these channels are found all over the body,
"In 2012, other scientists discovered that the rheumatoid arthritis drug auranofin was as effective as metronidazole in killing E. histolytica in laboratory samples.
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