We believe our design idea could also be applied to other compounds such as terpenoids and alkaloids,
But when it came to derivatives of the natural painkiller morphine, the new xylochemical synthesis turned out to be significantly more efficient than any previously known route based on petrochemistry."
However, some patients cannot tolerate these drugs or develop resistance. Moreover, over the long term, corticosteroids increase the risk of osteoporosis and vulnerability to infection.
and other drugs within one to three months after receiving sirolimus. Over a median follow-up of two years, there were few adverse side effects
Sirolimus, an immunosuppressant also known as rapamycin, has long been used to prevent rejection after a solid organ transplant.
That alarm sets off an inflammatory cascade that induces antiviral molecules, including a family of secreted proteins called interferons.
But drugs designed to block Notch have caused serious side effects such as severe diarrhea or skin cancers. Now a team from the University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center offers a potential new target to block Notch without the toxic effects.
"Our goal is to develop a drug to sit right between Notch and Zmiz1 that could break apart the bond.
This would allow them to design a drug to separate the two proteins s
#Bottlebrush design enhances cellular imaging The bottle brush, with its long stalk and dense spray of plastic bristles, is the unsung hero of kitchens everywhere,
#Researchers want to turn acid-loving microbes into safe drug-carriers Usually the microbe S. islandicus is found in hot and acidic volcanic springs,
Here researchers have showed for the first time that the exotic microbe is capable of delivering drugs to the human body.
and this makes the microbe interesting for scientists working with delivering drugs to the human body."
"One of the major challenges in pharmacy is to find ways to carry and protect drugs on their passage through the stomach.
Many drugs may be absorbed through the intestines, so it would be a great help to be able to transport drugs safely through the stomach to the intestines,
"explains Sara Munk Jensen, Ph d. student at both the Nordic Center for Earth Evolution (Nordcee), Department of biology and the Department of physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark (SDU).
Transport and protect drugs Jensen has completed just her Ph d. work on how to use lipids from the cell membranes of extremophilic microorganisms to design drug carriers that transport
and protect drugs in the human body. This is relevant for different drugs as growth hormones, vaccines and insulin.
Many diabetics need to daily inject insulin directly into their body, and they would benefit greatly by taking insulin in a tablet instead.
Not only is it easier to take a tablet than inject; when insulin is absorbed from the small intestine it is released into the body in a more natural way than
when injected, and this has the potential to improve the patient's treatment. They love it hot Here enters the acid-loving microbe S. islandicus the scene.
If 10 pct. of the liposomes created on this basis can survive, then it is plausible that even more will survive
"Praziquantel, a drug developed over 40 years ago, is the only effective treatment available for schistosomiasis.
However, re-infection frequently occurs following drug treatment. An effective vaccine is critical toward providing long-term treatment.
because it eliminates the instances of re-infection common with the current chemotherapeutic drug, is easier and less expensive to distribute
"Despite mass treatment with drugs, infection rates continue to rise. An additional 800 million people are at risk of contracting schistosomiasis.
thereby reducing the risk of exposure to patients with LBD to medications that can have potentially serious adverse consequences.
"Sequencing the DNA of CLL has taught us a great deal about the genetic basis of the disease,
from patients treated with different drug agents.""In our new study, we wanted to determine
These discoveries will form the basis for precision medicine of CLL and other tumor types
#Massive screen of drug combinations may find treatment for resistant, BRAF-mutant melanoma A team of Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) investigators has discovered a new combination of drugs that may be effective against one of the deadliest cancers, malignant melanoma.
The combination-pairing a drug targeted against mutations in the BRAF gene with a second drug that targets another important signaling pathway-was discovered through one of the largest screens of cancer drug combinations conducted to date.
whether very-large-scale screening across a diverse collection of cancer cell lines and a large number of drugs could yield new combinations for patients with cancer,
even with the increasing number of drugs targeting specific molecular abnormalities that drive tumor growth,
Most of those treated with targeted-therapy drugs will relapse within a year, often because their tumors have become resistant,
and some tumors never respond to the targeted drugs. While combining anticancer drugs appears a promising strategy, the sheer volume of drugs currently in use or in development-more than 500,
which could make up more than 100,000 two-drug combinations-makes testing each potential combination in clinical trials challenging.
Previous efforts to screen potential drug combinations only analyzed use of a few drugs against a limited number of cell lines
or lines in which genomic variations were understood poorly. This study utilized 36 well-characterized melanoma cell lines assembled by the MGH Center for Molecular Therapeutics to test all possible combinations of more than 100 oncology drugs,
two-thirds of which are currently in clinical use. More than 5, 775 potential drug combinations, as well as each single drug, were screened against each cell line,
looking for effects on the number and viability of tumor cells. While several combinations showed synergistic effects-with some drugs sensitizing the cells against several other drugs-most combinations increased the response of only one or two cell lines
implying that the vulnerability of an individual patient's tumor to these combinations depends on its unique genetic signature.
Since around half the cases of malignant melanoma are driven by mutation in the BRAF gene, the team focused on combinations that might address intrinsic resistance to the BRAF inhibitor vemurafenib.
They found that combining that drug with the cediranib, an investigational drug that targets a group of proteins known to be involved in blood vessel formation,
had synergistic effects against cell lines that were resistant to treatment with vemurafenib alone but not those sensitive to single-agent therapy.
"What is really exciting is that these drugs are already in the clinic; in fact a clinical trial for a similar combination is already underway at another research center.
"This study was actually a pilot project for a much larger effort within the Center for Molecular Therapeutics to map responses against drug combinations across hundreds of cancer cell lines, not just melanoma,
No less important is the search for new drugs:""In the future, we envisage the development of molecules to block combinations of integrins specifically in tumour tissues,"states Peinado.
we believe that the enzyme might serve as a potential drug target in KRAS-dependent lung adenocarcinoma,
but it also suggests that these physical channels might be exploitable to deliver drug therapies."
and by the pharmaceutical industry in the quest for novel anticancer drugs that block tumor-organ communication,
"Mexican drug lords are not the only ones who use secret tunnels to move material across seemingly impenetrable borders,
and, until now, scientists have not managed to create drugs that can target this pathway.""As the RAS pathway is highly dysregulated in cancer,
they are already being considered as models for agents in new medications. If the precise mechanisms by which these heat shock proteins hook up to their disease-causing counterparts were known,
Efstathios Karathanasis, a biomedical engineer at Case School of engineering, has developed chainlike nanoparticles that can carry drugs across the blood-brain barrier that keeps standard medicines from reaching their target--a highly aggressive brain cancer called
preventing drugs from crossing from the blood stream into the diseased tissue. And"surgeons can't go in
and drugs--if they get in--do nothing because of resistance that develops.""To reach inside tumors, Karathanasis'lab developed a short chain of magnetic nanoparticles made of iron oxide
releasing their drug cargo into the brain tumors. In testing with mouse models of aggressive brain tumors, the technology took out far more cancer cells, inhibited tumor growth better and extended life longer than traditional chemotherapy delivery.
they'll optimize the drug delivery system and mix of chemotherapy drug and inhibitor, study their effects
This on/off transition, inherent to vanadium dioxide, is also the basis of computer logic and memory.
opening the way for the development of new drugs targeting this copper binding site, and thus for new potential treatments".
#UGR scientists patent an effective drug for treating breast, colon, and skin cancers Scientists from the University of Granada (UGR) have patented an effective drug for treating cancer stem cells (CSCS) in breast, colon, and skin cancers.
The researchers have proved the anti-tumor effects of the drug on immunodeficient mice. The new compound and its derivatives enabled the researchers to reduce tumor activity by 50 percent after 41 days of treatment with the drug,
administered twice a week, to mice with induced tumors. They have managed also to successfully describe the mechanisms by which the drug acts on the cancer stem cells (CSCS.
This crucial scientific breakthrough has been made by the UGR research groups"Research and development of Pharmaceutical Drugs, "directed by Professor Joaquín Campos Rosa, and"Advanced Therapies:
Differentiation, Regeneration and Cancer",directedby Professor Juan Antonio Marchal Corrales. The Córdoba-based company Canvax Biotech has participated also in the development of the patent.
A nontoxic drug One of the major advantages of the drug is that it is nontoxic.
Despite being administered to the mice in high concentrations (150 milligrams per kilo), no adverse effects were observed in the healthy cells.
Moreover, from a pharmaceutical perspective this anti-tumor drug can be produced successfully in large quantities. The researchers were able to obtain the required amount of the synthesis in just five days.
the scientists had managed already to create an effective drug (called Bozepinib) for treating cancer stem cells,
and a great deal of time to produce very small quantities of the drug. Having completed structural modifications of the drug--Bozepinib (by making changes to its molecular architecture),
they have created successfully a compound which maintains the biological activity of its predecessor as an effective anti-tumor drug,
but which can also be synthesized and produced on a grand scale--a fundamental condition for the drug's commercial development. 22 years of research The two UGR groups behind this key scientific breakthrough have been working in this line of research since 1993.
In order to be able to test the new drug on mice and gauge its effectiveness on human tumors,
first of all they had to inject human tumor cells into immunodeficient mice (to ensure they did not reject these cancerous cells).
considerably diminishing the likelihood of metastasis. The drug directly targets CSCS without affecting the healthy cells,
Lungs and pancreas Having proved the preclinical effectiveness of the new drug in treating cancer stem cells in breast, colon,
and skin cancers, the scientists will proceed now to study the drug's effect on lung and pancreas cancers, two of the most aggressive types.
"says research supervisor Dr James St john, from Griffith's Eskitis Institute for Drug Discovery. The technique was developed
"In light of the overwhelming impact of spinal cord injury, new therapeutic interventions for drug discovery and cell therapy are needed urgently."
#New drug candidate is promising therapeutic option for angiogenic retinal diseases A research team led by scientists at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical center (BIDMC)
"Although a few other anti-VEGF drugs have been approved for therapy of AMD, they must be delivered directly into the eye through monthly intravitreal injections."
"This is a very exciting development in that it has the potential to allow the self-administration of a sight-saving drug to patients with AMD,
safe for treatment-resistant autoimmune blood conditions The immunosuppressant sirolimus is an effective and safe steroid-sparing therapy for children and young adults with highly treatment-resistant autoimmune blood conditions,
when they discontinue medication. Recently investigators reported that sirolimus successfully resolved these autoimmune conditions in a small group of children with ALPS without causing adverse side effects."
After six months, those who benefited from the drug were allowed to continue treatment with continued follow-up appointments to monitor toxicities.
Additionally, all ALPS patients successfully weaned off steroids and discontinued all other medications within one week to one month after starting sirolimus.
The study has identified also many new potential targets for the next generation of drugs to treat prostate cancer.
The drug worked by bypassing the defective steps in the protein complex pathway, explains Garbincius, the lead study author.
Phosphodiesterase inhibitors are in a class of drugs that include sildenafil (Viagra) and tadalafil (Cialis),
Drugs tested by the U-M appear to correct the signaling pathway that is disrupted in muscular dystrophy at an earlier step than the phosphodiesterase inhibitors s
or drug targeting. The study by researchers Cheulhee Jung, Peter B. Allen and Andrew Ellington, published this week in the journal Nature Nanotechnology,
which to make antibodies for pharmaceutical use e
#Researchers develop deep-learning method to predict daily activities Researchers from the School of Interactive Computing
and Ear/Harvard Medical school and Boston University have prevented successfully the development of Parkinson's disease in a mouse using new techniques to deliver drugs across the naturally impenetrable blood-brain barrier.
lend hope to patients around the world with neurological conditions that are difficult to treat due to a barrier mechanism that prevents approximately 98 percent of drugs from reaching the brain and central nervous system."
"We are developing a platform that may eventually be used to deliver a variety of drugs to the brain,
and histological data capture that their delivery method was equivalent to direct injection of GDNF-the current gold standard for delivering this drug in Parkinson's disease despite its traumatic nature and high complication rates-in diffusing drugs to the brain.
Dr. Bleier saw an opportunity to apply these techniques to the widespread clinical dilemma of delivering drugs across the barrier to the brain and central nervous system.
surgeons may create a"screen door"to allow for drug delivery to the brain and central nervous system. The technique has the potential to benefit a large population of patients with neurodegenerative disorders,
#FDA approves first 3d printed pill, could signal era of custom medication A new anti-seizure medication has become the first-ever 3d printed medication to gain FDA approval.
The FDA has been pulled along into the future in recent years as prosthetics and other medical devices have been pumped out of 3d printers,
but never before has the technology proven so integral to the production of a pill.
This form of the drug, called Spritam, wouldn work with conventional production methods. Traditional 3d printing with plastics is done by heating a polymer,
The 3d printing technology (called Zipdose) developed by Aprecia Pharmaceuticals isn much different. Each pill is built layer-by-layer to form a porous material with a precisely tuned dose of the medication.
Take a sip of water, and the pill dissolves, delivering up to 1000 mg of the active ingredient.
Spritam (levetiracetam) is not actually a new molecule. The innovation here is not that Aprecia Pharmaceuticals has found a new treatment for seizure disorders,
but that it has a more effective delivery model. Levetiracetam in traditional pill form is sold already under a variety of names
and is available as a generic prescription in both the US and UK. Levetiracetam Aprecia Pharmaceuticals sees Spritam as just the first step into the world of 3d printing pills.
Spritam is a single active ingredient but 3d printing could make it possible for medications to be made custom for patients,
even if they require high dosages. Rather than taking multiple different pills with a few hundred milligrams of active ingredients,
the pharmacy of the future could simply 3d print a single pill that has all those drugs in a single dose.
Assuming such a system could be developed with proper safety measures to prevent contamination, that could vastly reduce patient error when taking medications.
Doctors would also have the option of adjusting doses as they like, rather than relying on drug makers to provide a pill in one dose or another.
This sort of customization would have been prohibitively expensive prior to 3d printing technology. Aprecia Pharmaceuticals expects to begin selling Spritam in the US sometime in early 2016.
The company hasn announced any specific plans for future 3d printed medications, but you can bet they
and others are looking into it. If I being cynical, I point out this seems like a great way to tweak a non-patented drug with proprietary technology and sell it for a higher price.
Otherwise, hey, better medical technology thanks to 3d printing is good for everyone o
#This new high-power diamond laser can cut steel Although lasers based on diamond have been around around for several years,
and a company called VAR2 Pharmaceuticals has been spun out of this research to bring the therapy to market.
the quantity of red tape institutions like the FDA foist upon anyone seeking to develop a new drug.
A report published by the Tufts Center for the Study of Drug Development (CSDD) pegs the cost of developing a prescription drug that gains market approval at $2. 6 billion.
a study from the US Department of health and human services examining barriers to drug development cited mprovements in FDA review process efficiencyas one of the main ways to bring down the soaring cost of drug development.
If ever there was a case for reforming the regulatory model governing drug development, this discovery of potential broad spectrum cancer cure would seem to make it r
thanks to a new invention by Duke university engineers. ee invented a sensing system that can efficiently solve an interesting problem that modern technology has to deal with on a daily basis,
By selecting a specific type on the basis of its pore shape, we were able to convert lactic acid directly into the building blocks for PLA without making the larger by-products that do not fit into the zeolite pores. ur new method has compared several advantages to the traditional technique:
Alternately, riders prone to the malady could always take anti-nausea medications, though this is not a particularly practical solution for various reasons.
a pacemakers use in heart arrhythmias, efficacy (or side effects) of prescribed medications, and dosing compliance,
it is nearly impossible to avoid disclosing the most personal of information to third-party service providers on a constant basis,
Whatsapp voice calling feature on Android is limited on an invite-only basis as of right now
#Ready To Get Your Drugs By Drone? Amazon Plan Could Be Game-Changer Amazon CEO Jeff Bezos knew skeptics would pan his drone-delivery plan. know this looks like science fiction.
And the sheer demand for medication therapy is only going to rise, as chronic health conditions worsen:
More than 150 million Americans may require regular medication by the year 2020, the World health organization has predicted.
But Americans don always take the drugs they need: About half of prescriptions aren followed, as CDC has reported.
Poor medication adherence leads to more illnesses, more deaths, and more unnecessary spending on health care.
The company already playing a major role in drug delivery, by sending prescriptions through the mail.
and other dangerous drugs.)But if Amazon can get its act together, get federal approval, and get its technology to work,
or the travel distance, necessary to pick up medication. For these patients, autonomous drones could go the last mile
Drugs are already being delivered by drone illegal drugs, that is. Various cartels are using drones to send methamphetamine and other narcotics over the heads of authorities.
One drug-toting drone infamously crashed in a parking lot in January. And legal drugs are being delivered in other countries,
which have been more permissive. German packaging company DHL last year spent a month testing drug delivery-by-drone to a remote island off the country coast.
But the test was plagued with problems; two of the first ten drone flights were scrapped because of bad weather.
And a San francisco startup called Quiqui got considerable attention for its plans to use drones to deliver drugs last year,
The program will target illegal trafficking of the drugs in areas that have been particularly hard hit by the epidemic
many prescription opioid addicts first try to obtain the drugs through pharmacies. Easy access to prescription opioids is largely behind this surge in use,
assistant professor of pharmacy practice at Texas A&m University. f someone becomes addicted, they can walk into a safe,
and pharmacists to see if an individual is going to multiple doctors or pharmacies seeking prescriptions. he law says we have a corresponding responsibility to make sure that medications are used for legitimate medical purposes,
says Watzak. harmacists are trained to recognize red flags and if we have concerns we can call the physician
but then they like the way the drugs make them feel. rescription opioid addicts use a variety of methods to access the drugs,
including exaggerating or inventing symptoms, doctor and pharmacy shopping, and forgery. When a pharmacist suspects a patient is addicted to prescription opioids
theye advised to stage a mini-intervention with the patient and recommend treatment options. e never had to do it,
but once theye clean they remember that a pharmacist tried to help them. he connection between prescription opioid abuse
or accident. f we know the patient has a history of addiction we can prescribe drugs in a different class,
says Mehdi Ghodbane, a former Phd student at Rutgers who now works at Glaxosmithkline. The device also requires one-tenth of the chemicals used in a conventional multiplex immunoassay
The injection vaccine is made by Inovio Pharmaceuticals Inc, . which funded the clinical trial and whose employees coauthored the report with Trimble.
They say the mini-kidneys offer a ways to develop and test drugs for kidney disease.
and Women Hospital in Boston and is now an assistant professor of medicine in the nephrology division at the University of Washington. nswering this question was important for understanding the potential of mini-kidneys for clinical kidney regeneration and drug discovery.
better ways to perform linical trials in a dishto test drugs and therapies that might work in humans.
since they can be generated from individual patients suffering from illnesses involving the neurotransmitter. hese patient-specific serotonin neurons will be very useful to the discovery of new drugs for diseases ranging from depression
#Drug combo shows promise for skin cancer n transitnew melanoma research finds a combination therapy is highly effective at treating patients with skin metastases.
This could lead to the production of new drugs and next-generation biomaterials and to a better understanding of how ribosomes function.
and Alexander Mankin, director of the University of Illinois at Chicago College of Pharmacy Center for Biomolecular Sciences.
Hydrocodone and its chemical relatives such as morphine and oxycodone are opioids, members of a family of painkilling drugs sourced from the opium poppy.
It can take more than a year to produce a batch of medicine, starting from the farms in Australia, Europe,
processed, and shipped to pharmaceutical factories in the United states, where the active drug molecules are extracted
and refined into medicines. hen we started work a decade ago, many experts thought it would be impossible to engineer yeast to replace the entire farm-to-factory process,
or later refined into pills using chemical processes to extract and concentrate their active ingredients. Smolke team is modernizing the process by inserting precisely engineered snippets of DNA into cells, such as yeast,
or no access to pain medications. iotech production could lower costs and, with proper controls against abuse, allow bioreactors to be located where they are needed,
Bio-produced thebaine would still need to be refined through sophisticated processes in pharmaceutical factories, but it would eliminate the time delay of growing poppies. he molecules we produced
The technique should speed the development of drug and diagnostic compounds that would not have been possible
However, the hormone has drawn renewed interest in recent years as a possible basis for treating obesity, in conjunction with leptin-sensitizing compounds,
and drug therapeutics. Now, researchers at the University of Chicago have developed what they believe is a novel approach to control the activity of enzymes through the use of synthetic,
called VAR2CSA, could be used to target anticancer drugs and carry them to tumors expressing the specific carbohydrate residue."
and affordability means the technology could also find applications in drug development, food safety, environmental monitoring and veterinary medicine.
what works with food also works with other things, like creating new pharmaceuticals and cancer-fighting proteins.
particularly as diodes form the basis of many microminiature electronic devices. Since then, a range of devices have been constructed,
medications can be deployed to break them apart, but delivery is tricky. Getting the medicine to the clot takes some guesswork
A team of Australian scientists has developed a new approach that sees the drugs carried safely inside a nanocapsule, opening up the treatment to more patients and lessening the chance of side effects.
It sees an already approved clot-busting medication called urokinase (upa) loaded into a newly-developed type of nanocapsule.
and sets the drug free, allowing it go about its clot-destroying business. And because thrombin is only heavily present in young clots
"The intention is to give the drug as soon as possible. It could be given in a heart attack straight away,
"Tissue plasminogen activator (tpa) is another common form of blood-clot medication. We have seen the development of a similar vehicle intended to deliver tpa,
which involved loading the drug into nanoparticles to improve the speed at which is destroys clots.
and has better potential as a drug for immediate treatment.""We prefer it to tpa
describing the capsule's ability to release the drugs and dissolve clots as"very responsive."
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