They can also be filled with a wide variety of biomolecules. ne can imagine filling the capsules with molecules such as medications
the scaffolds have the potential to be used as a way to deliver medication to a specific area in the body with high precision
or water and therapeutic drug monitoring at home, a feature which could drastically improve the efficient of various class of drugs and treatments a
#Quantum dots light up under strain Semiconductor nanocrystals, or quantum dots, are sized tiny, nanometer particles with the ability to absorb light
and help design new drug therapies against pathogens by targeting enzymes that interact with DNA"There are other single-molecule tools around,
and that has a ton of implications from understanding how life works to drug design,
or find protein properties that would be ideal targets for drug therapies.""For example, viral genes code for their own proteins that process their DNA,
and development of new medicines by greatly accelerating the computer-aided design of pharmaceutical compounds (and minimizing lengthy trial and error testing);
#Experimental treatment regimen effective against HIV PROTEASE inhibitors are a class of antiviral drugs that are used commonly to treat HIV, the virus that causes AIDS.
Scientists at the University of Nebraska Medical center designed a new delivery system for these drugs that,
when coupled with a drug developed at the University of Rochester School of medicine and Dentistry, rid immune cells of HIV and kept the virus in check for long periods.
While current HIV treatments involve pills that are taken daily, the new regimenslong-lasting effects suggest that HIV treatment could be administered perhaps once or twice per year.
Nebraska researcher Howard E. Gendelman designed the investigational drug delivery system so-called anoformulatedprotease inhibitor. The nanoformulation process takes a drug
and makes it into a crystal, like an ice cube does to water. Next, the crystal drug is placed into a fat and protein coat, similar to
what is done in making a coated ice-cream bar. The coating protects the drug from being degraded by the liver and removed by the kidney.
When tested together with URMC-099 a new drug discovered in the laboratory of UR scientist Harris A. andy Gelbard M d.,Ph d,
. the nanoformulated protease inhibitor completely eliminated measurable quantities of HIV. URMC-099 boosted the concentration of the nanoformulated drug in immune cells
and slowed the rate at which it was eliminated, thereby prolonging its therapeutic effect.""The chemical marriage between URMC-099 and antiretroviral drug nanoformulations could increase drug longevity,
improve patient compliance, and reduce general toxicities, said Gendelman, lead study author and professor and chair of the Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience at Nebraska,
who has collaborated with Gelbard for 24 years. e are excited about pursing this research for the treatment and eradication of HIV infections."
whether the drugs could be administered safely together. Much to Gelbard and Gendelman surprise, URMC-099 increased the effectiveness of the nanoformulated drug. ur ultimate hope is that wee able to create a therapy that could be given much less frequently than the daily therapy that is required today,
said Gelbard. f a drug could be given once every six months or longer that would greatly increase compliance,
reduce side effects and help people manage the disease, because they won have to think about taking medication every day. a
#Super-slick material makes steel better, stronger, cleaner Steel is ubiquitous in our daily lives.
or drug targeting. The study by researchers Cheulhee Jung, Peter B. Allen and Andrew Ellington, published this week in the journal Nature Nanotechnology("A stochastic DNA walker that traverses a microparticle surface),
which to make antibodies for pharmaceutical use. Researchers around the world can access Professor Waterhouse's open source website
"SERS substrates are used to analyze the composition of a mixture at the nanoscale for environmental analysis, pharmaceuticals, material sciences, art and archeological research, forensic science, drug detection, food quality analysis,
Pharmaceutical companies spend millions of dollars testing therapeutic drugs on animals only to discover in human trials that the drug has an altogether different level of effectiveness.
Wee not sure why, but the human brain differs distinctly from that of an animal. A bench-top brain that accurately reflects actual brain tissue would be significant for researching not only the effect of drugs,
but brain disorders like schizophrenia, and degenerative brain disease. ACES Director and research author Professor Gordon Wallace said that the breakthrough is significant progress in the quest to create a bench-top brain that will enable important insights into brain function,
in addition to providing an experimental test bed for new drugs and electroceuticals. e are still a long way from printing a brain
but also for more common problems involving maladaptive daily decisions about drug or alcohol use, gambling or credit card binges.
much like multi-drug therapy, may ultimately benefit patients with impaired mobility in a wide variety of rehabilitation settings.
#Key Morphine Regulator That May Reduce Risk of Pain killer Addiction Identified Once used in the 18th century as currency to reverse the trade imbalance between China and Britain,
morphine and its painkilling qualities have been misused misunderstood (and) almost continually ever since. The drug works its euphoric effect by acting on a specific protein that has been part of vertebrate anatomy for nearly a half-billion years.
Despite that lengthy pedigree, regulation of these receptor proteins has never been understood well. A new study led by Kirill Martemyanov, an associate professor on the Florida campus of The Scripps Research Institute (TSRI
has shown that a specific molecule controls morphine receptor signaling in a small group of brain cells.
The findings could lead to a new drug target for developing less-addictive pain medications and even offer a clue to the genetic predisposition of patients to addiction before treatment.
which controls the morphine receptor (mu opioid receptor). Using genetically modified animal models lacking a particular RGS PROTEIN called RGS7, a protein abundant in the brain,
delayed tolerance and heightened withdrawal in response to self-administered morphine doses. In other words, without the protein,
the animals were predisposed to morphine addiction. Martemyanov believes there is a strong diagnostic future for their discovery. f our findings hold true for human patients,
he said. utations could indicate a strong reaction to a drug such as morphineeople carrying a deficient copy of the RGS7 gene might need much lower doses of opioids
This might also shed light on why some people have such a difficult time with addiction to drugs such as morphine,
Surprisingly, in addition to drug craving, the animals lacking RGS7 also worked harder to obtain a food reward,
further suggesting that RGS7 may be a more general regulator of reward behavior extending beyond drug-induced euphoria. he mu opioid receptor acts as a conductor of the drug effects,
while RGS7 acts as a brake on the signal, Martemyanov said. he animals could press a lever to receive an infusion of morphine.
mice lacking RGS7 craved the drug much more than their normal siblings. RGS7 appears to exert its effects by regulating morphine-induced changes in excitability of neurons and plasticity of synapseshe ability of the synapse, the junction between two nerve cells,
to change its function. his study reveals a unique modulatory role of RGS7 in a brain region-specific action to morphine use
and indicates RGS7 as a potential drug target, said Research Associate Laurie P. Sutton, the first author of the study. harmacological intervention at the level of RGS7 may reduce some of the detrimental side-effects associated with opiates. t
#Possible Biomarker for Autism Discovered Study also points to potential new drug discovery advances. By identifying a key signaling defect within a specific membrane structure in all cells, University of California,
Irvine researchers believe, they have found both a possible reliable biomarker for diagnosing certain forms of autism and a potential therapeutic target.
it also presents a target of a molecular class already well-established to be useful for drug discovery.
Drug development has proven problematic due to the limited understanding of the underlying causes of ASD,
as demonstrated by the recent failure of several much anticipated drug trials. There are also no current, reliable diagnostic biomarkers for ASD.
which impedes diagnosis and, ultimately, drug development. There simply may be too many targets, each with too small an effect.
In the area of drug discovery, scientists at the Center for Autism Research & Translation continue to probe the IP3R channel,
and so that they can test the effect of new drugs on inhibiting their growth. But the fibrils that are believed to be most harmful are too tiny to be seen using an optical microscope.
or for drug researchers to put the amyloid proteins in water, inject their drug, and study how the drug influences the growth of the aggregates over time
. or research in TYPE II DIABETES or Alzheimer or Parkinson, having this simple platform to perform these tests at a fraction of the cost of
what required for fluorescence or neutron scattering would be very useful.?Carla Reiter a
#Artificial intelligence System Solves SAT Geometry As well as 11th Graders The Allen Institute for Artificial intelligence (AI2) and University of Washington researchers have created an artificial intelligence (AI) system that can solve SAT geometry questions as well as the average American 11th-grade student, a breakthrough in AI research.
The development also builds on more than a decade of collaboration with Sam Deadwyler and Robert Hampson, of the Department of Physiology & Pharmacology of Wake Forest Baptist,
Researchers used a series of drugs to disrupt the cellsnormal bioelectrical and serotonergic signaling at a crucial stage of development.
as it can be used to screen new drugs. These mechanisms may occur not only in autoimmune disorders,
#New Drug Delivery Technique Bypasses Blood-brain barrier Breakthrough could help countless patients with neurological conditions that are currently hard to treat.
Researchers at Massachusetts Eye and Ear/Harvard Medical school and Boston University have shown successfully neuroprotection in a Parkinson mouse model using new techniques to deliver drugs across the naturally impenetrable blood-brain barrier.
lend hope to patients around the world with neurological conditions that are difficult to treat due to a barrier mechanism that prevents approximately 98 percent of drugs from reaching the brain
and central nervous system. e are developing a platform that may eventually be used to deliver a variety of drugs to the brain,
and histological data capture that their delivery method was equivalent to direct injection of GDNF the current gold standard for delivering this drug in Parkinson disease despite its traumatic nature and high complication rates in diffusing drugs
Drugs used to treat a variety of central nervous system diseases may be administered through the nose and diffused through an implanted mucosal graft (A,
Under normal circumstances, there are multiple layers within the nose that block the access of pharmaceutical agents from getting to the brain including bone and the dura/arachnoid membrane
Consequently, these grafts may be used to deliver very large drugs, including proteins, which would otherwise be blocked by the blood-brain barrier.
Garyfallia Pagonis and Benjamin S. Bleier, M d. Dr. Bleier saw an opportunity to apply these techniques to the widespread clinical dilemma of delivering drugs across the barrier to the brain and central nervous system.
and Drug Administration has approved the first prescription drug made through 3d printing: a dissolvable tablet that treats seizures.
Aprecia Pharmaceuticals said Monday the FDA approved its drug Spritam for adults and children who suffer from certain types of seizures caused by epilepsy.
The Ohio-based company says its printing system can package potent drug doses of up to 1, 000 milligrams into individual tablets.
An agency spokeswoman confirmed the new drug is the first prescription tablet approved that uses the process.
Aprecia said in a statement it plans to develop other medications using its 3d platform in coming years,
including more neurological drugs. The company is owned privately. Doctors are increasingly turning to 3d printing to create customised implants for patients with rare conditions
In response, Rostami team administered a drug to boost her heart rate and send more blood to the brain.
In response, Rostami team administered a drug to boost her heart rate and send more blood to the brain.
In fact, the only drugs specifically developed for migraine that are in use today triptans were designed to shrink blood vessels in the brain.
The drugs made no difference when they were given to the rats intravenously, but when they were injected directly into the brain,
Although triptans are prescribed as vasoconstrictors drugs that shrink blood vessels other research suggests that they also block the release of peptides like PACAP from neurons.
Why this is only effective in half the people who take the drug is still a mystery.
An asthma drug has rejuvenated rat brains, making old rats perform as well as young ones in tests of memory and cognition.
A drug called montelukast (Singulair), regularly prescribed for asthma and allergic rhinitis, blocks these receptors, so Aigner and his colleagues tested it on young and old rats.
The animals were fed the drug daily for six weeks, while another set of young and old rats were left untreated.
By the end of their six-week drug regime, though, old animals performed as well as their younger companions. e restored learning and memory 100 per cent,
Old rats that had been given montelukast had 80 per cent less brain inflammation than old rats that hadn been given the drug.
The drug had no effect on young animals, probably because it targets inflammation associated with age,
he says. think the drug reverses the damage associated with ageing. Because montelukast is used widely
Aigner agrees he will start by testing the drug in people with Parkinson disease, he says p
you could ask hat the latest on these drug interactions? Or even a query in natural language like, hat are papers saying about middle-aged women with diabetes and this particular drug?'
'The system works by crawling the web for publicly available scientific papers, then scanning the text and images within them.
yeast that can literally brew narcotic drugs. Achieving that, she knew, could open the door to the quick development of better medications of all sorts."
"When we started this work, you know, there were people and experts in the field who said this was impossible,
including oxycontin, codeine and morphine. Making the yeast took a herculean effort. The team took more than 20 genes from rats
and coaxed the cells to synthesize the drugs. Right now the yeast can brew only tiny, tiny amounts of the drugs.
You would have to drink thousands of liters of the"brew"to get one dose of hydrocodone,
or make medications that are less addictive, "Smolke says. Still, the genetically modified yeast strains have triggered a heated debate about how to regulate these organisms and the possibility of"home-brewing morphine.""
""We're just talking fermentation and brewing here,"says Kenneth Oye, who studies technology policy at the Massachusetts institute of technology,
which is made easily from morphine or thebaine. Home-brewing, Oye says, could put more drugs on the street."
"Unfortunately, one of the implications, in my judgment, is that addicts would have easier access to something that threatens health in very serious ways,
home-brewed morphine is likely years away. It's not possible with the strains of yeast that Smolke has.
But Oye thinks U s. drug officials need to start planning now, before the lid of Pandora's box opens wide.
He recommends that the Drug Enforcement Administration start to track these microbes by"barcoding"them,
But the agency is worried also about large drug cartels.""It's concern that the technology will fall into the wrong hands,
And drug cartels already have large and steady supply of opioids from poppy production in Mexico and Afghanistan."
"We can't see the drug cartel making a 180-degree turn to start to exploit this particular market,
#Your Pill Is Printing: FDA Approves First 3-D-Printed Drug In a first, the Food and Drug Administration has given approval to a drug that is produced on a 3-D printer.
The pill, produced by Aprecia Pharmaceuticals, treats seizures. It's expected to hit the market in the first quarter of 2016.
NPR's Rob Stein reports for our Newscast unit:""The drug is called Spritam and is designed to treat seizures in people suffering from epilepsy.
It's a new version of a seizure medication that's been on the market for years."
"The new tablets are manufactured using 3-D printing, which creates objects by very precisely spewing out one layer of a substance on top of another. 3-D printing is being used to make all sorts of things these days."
"The FDA had approved previously medical devices made with 3-D printing. The company that makes Spritam says the 3-D-printed version of the drug allows it to dissolve more quickly,
which makes it easier to swallow.""Another benefit of the process, says Aprecia, the drug's maker, is that it allows a high drug load up to 1,
000 mg to be delivered in a single dose. The 3-D printing process creates a pill that has"a porous formulation that rapidly disintegrates with a sip of liquid,
"the company says. Aprecia says it based its printing platform on technology that originated at the Massachusetts institute of technology o
yeast that can literally brew narcotic drugs. Achieving that, she knew, could open the door to the quick development of better medications of all sorts."
"When we started this work, you know, there were people and experts in the field who said this was impossible,
including oxycontin, codeine and morphine. Making the yeast took a herculean effort. The team took more than 20 genes from rats
and coaxed the cells to synthesize the drugs. Right now the yeast can brew only tiny, tiny amounts of the drugs.
You would have to drink thousands of liters of the"brew"to get one dose of hydrocodone,
or make medications that are less addictive, "Smolke says. The yeast could also make morphine more available in poor countries,
where there's a terrible shortage of pain medicine, Smolke says. Still, the genetically modified yeast strains have triggered a heated debate about how to regulate these organisms and the possibility of"home-brewing morphine.""
""We're just talking fermentation and brewing here,"says Kenneth Oye, who studies technology policy at the Massachusetts institute of technology,
which is made easily from morphine or thebaine. Home-brewing, Oye says, could put more drugs on the street."
"Unfortunately, one of the implications, in my judgment, is that addicts would have easier access to something that threatens health in very serious ways,
home-brewed morphine is likely years away. It's not possible with the strains of yeast that Smolke has.
But Oye thinks U s. drug officials need to start planning now, before the lid of Pandora's box opens wide.
He recommends that the Drug Enforcement Administration start to track these microbes by"barcoding"them,
But the agency is worried also about large drug cartels.""It's concern that the technology will fall into the wrong hands,
And drug cartels already have large and steady supply of opioids from poppy production in Mexico and Afghanistan."
"We can't see the drug cartel making a 180-degree turn to start to exploit this particular market,
The Fraunhofer FIT will make the first public demonstration of the system alongside its ZETA imaging software that is used in drug research at the forthcoming BIOTECHNICA expo in Hanover, Germany, between October 6 8, 2015.
and thus can support researchers in a wide range of applications in drug research. The Single Molecule Detection Machine (SMDM) employs a highly sensitive confocal microscope
#3d printed Pills Could Bring Bespoke Drugs to a Hospital Near You It a development that could spell the end of horse pills,
those large pharmaceuticals that seem impossible to swallow. Yesterday, the FDA approved the first drug to be manufactured using 3d printing.
In a buzzword-heavy press release that would make a venture capitalist swoon, Aprecia, the company that makes Spritam, the newly approved drug,
claims the technology allows high-dose pills to be made more porously, allowing them to dissolve more quickly.
The active ingredient in Spritam is levetiracetam, an existing anticonvulsant used to treat epilepsy that has been available as a generic in the U s. since 2008.
By creating a new smaller, more dissolvable pill packaging, Aprecia is clearly hoping to distinguish its product from the generics.
In the long term, though, 3d printing could offer much more than just tinier pills. Here BBC News:
Being able to 3d print a tablet offers the potential to create bespoke drugs based on the specific needs of patients,
rather than having a one product fits all approach, according to experts. or the last 50 years we have manufactured tablets in factories
Today, most bespoke drugs are formulated at specialized compounding pharmacies that are frequently miles away from the hospitals and clinics in
cutting time off delivery and making custom pharmaceuticals easier to obtain b
#Liquid Water Likely Flows On the Salty Hills of Mars It almost as if our moon turned blood red last night to herald NASA latest Red planet news. At 11:30 EDT,
The researchers also hope that the similar technique can be used to manufacture other compounds that form the basis of many medicines a
Researchers say the lab-on-chip device is a step toward creating quantum computers that could help design new drugs,
Integrated into an injection molding system, the device is capable of generating more than 1. 7 million bar code configurations on anything from cellphones to pills.
The patented technology is already generating interest from the electronics, automotive and pharmaceutical sectors, where counterfeiting is a serious issue,
#Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria Are No Match For Medieval Potion Bloodletting, mercury cures, holes drilled in the headany ancient medical remedies seem ill-advised based on our modern understanding of medicine.
But researchers recently found that a thousand-year-old Anglo-saxon treatment for eye infections works as an antibiotic against one of today most notorious bacteria, Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA.
Some researchers have been looking into this type of communication interruption as a possible new way to treat antibiotic-resistant bacteria. e were astonished genuinely at the results of our experiments in the lab,
or you're mapping pharmacies because people need malaria meds. You feel like you've spent time in these places after spending hours digitizing aerial imagery.
The ability of liquid metal with its own embedded power source could even one day be the basis to build self repairing armor on tanks and changing aircraft fuselages for fuel efficiency and speed.
we could potentially have a pill to do just that. e
#New Japanese Glasses Block Facial recognition Computers are really, really good at recognizing faces. Refined through work on millions of uploaded and tagged faces at sites like Facebook and elsewhere,
the basis of all the company's success."Alpha"is also an investment return above benchmark
like morphine or codeine, are important for medical purposes. The drugs have been around for millennia
however even today they are made still from poppy flowers, making the production of the drugs dependent on poppy farming.
Now, for the first time, researchers from Stanford university have been able to synthesize opioids from yeast cultures grown in the lab,
#Embedded 3d Barcodes To Ensure Pills Are Real A new kind of barcode could be built structurally into a pill or other product,
and counterfeit medication can be downright dangerous, containing the wrong dose or no active ingredient at all.
The World health organization estimates more than 25 percent of the medication consumed in poorer countries is counterfeit or substandard.
Existing tools to fight this include a verification system wherein a patient can scan the packaging of their medication
and text a special code to ensure their medication is genuine. The FDA has designed also a device that uses UV LIGHT to scan pills and their packaging.
But packaging can be copied or switched. The new 3d barcode actually becomes part of the product
the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) announced that it had approved the drug Imlygic to treat late-stage melanoma on the skin and lymph nodes.
The drug, which relies upon a genetically engineered herpes virus to attack and kill the cancerous cells,
When the drug was injected into the cancerous sites over the course of six months, more than 16 percent of patients saw their lesions shrink.
according to Nature News. But a number of drugs using different viruses and to treat several types of cancer are already in clinical trials.
#Have your drug nano-delivered via microbubble"Colloidal delivery system "and"nanoparticle"are probably not terms you find yourself using in day-to-day interactions,
but for the Univ. of Cincinnati (UC)' s Yoonjee Park, assistant professor in the College of Engineering and Applied science biomedical engineering professor, these words are central to every conversation relating to her cutting edge research on drug delivery vehicles.
and how the drugs used to kill cancer cells also killed other parts of the body.
"If you inject the drug intravenously it can go anywhere and everywhere, which is why we get side effects like hair loss."
"She hoped to find a way of sending drugs only to the specific area of the body that needed the treatment rather than inadvertently treating
"Usually I use nanoparticles for drug delivery vehicles, and we can attach image and contrast agents to the nanoparticle to track the particle.
which makes a complex of the image and contrast agent with the drug itself.""In the course of time Park began to focus her efforts on those parts of the body that posed a significant challenge
and we can see the drug bio-distribution. So we can minimize the side effects before something happens."
"The drug delivery systems Park and Lin have designed can be filled with the prescribed drug and inserted a single time into the spinal disc.
the vehicles can be popped"to systematically release the drug as needed. This technique allows for minimized invasive treatment,
Lin says that his favorite part of his collaboration with Park has been that studying this drug delivery system has much wider applications
Preliminary testing of the drug delivery procedure is being performed at the Laboratory Animal Medical Services (LAMS) facility on UC's East Campus. Currently Park is in the preclinical phase,
Because this is a new application for an old drug the two expect less challenges from the FDA than
if they were trying to introduce an entirely new drug to the market. Thankfully UC provides all of the necessary facilities, equipment,
"says Park of her attempt to create an effective drug delivery vehicle, and she herself is no stranger to this work,
Her Phd at Purdue University and her research at Boston's Massachusetts institute of technology were dedicated both to studying particle stabilization to avoid clogging arteries with the nanoparticles and drug delivery vehicles;
and learning how drugs could be released time at the proper time. With the support of the Univ. of Cincinnati behind her efforts, Park hopes to be able to overcome the barriers that have slowed others,
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